1、名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 1学生: 周天芸 教师: 王庆芝 日期: 2012.4.16 班主任： 成丽 时段: 15:00-17:00 课题 虚拟语气教学目标区分真实虚拟与非真实虚拟掌握虚拟语气的用法重难点透视 虚拟语气的非真实虚拟用法知识点剖析序号 知识点 预估时间 掌握情况1 If 用法 50 分钟2 其他 50 分钟3 练习 20 分钟教学内容虚拟语气虚拟语气的用法一.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件从句有两类，一是真实条件句，另一是虚拟条件句。1.如果假设的情况可能发生，是真实条件句，这种情况下谓语用陈述语气。如：If time permits, wel
2、l go fishing together. 如果时间允许，我们就一起去钓鱼。2.如果假设的情况是不存在的或不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。如：If you had come yesterday, you would have met that famous professor.如果你昨天来，你就会见到那位著名的教授了。（隐含的事实是：你昨天没来，也没见到那位著名教授）。在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。注：主句中的 should 只用于第一人称，但在美国英语中，should 常被 would 代替；从句中的 should 可用于各种人称。名思教育个性化辅导教案ggggg
3、gggggggangganggang 纲名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 2a.表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。如：If I were you, I should(would ,could, might)tell him the truth. 要是我是你，我就会告诉他真相了。（事实上我不是你）If she had time, she would(could, might)help me.如果她有时间，她就会帮我了。（事实上她没有时间）b.表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I
4、should (would, could, might)have telephoned you.如果昨天我知道了你的电话号码，我就会给你打电话了。（事实上我昨天不知道你的电话号码。）If you had taken my advice, you wouldnt (couldnt) have failed in the exam.如果你听了我的建议，你就不会考试不及格。（事实上你根本没听我的。c.表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果。如：If it should rain, the crops would(could, might)be saved.假如天下雨，庄稼可能就收获了。-What wou
5、ld happen if I put the paper on the fire?-It would burn.注：在表示与将来事实可能相反的条件从句中，were to + 动词原形比较正式，常用于书面语中。如：If you were to go to Beijing, you would (could, might) have a chance to visit Tian An Men Square.二.虚拟语气的其它用法1. 虚拟语气在主语从句中的用法在“It is important (strange, natural, necessary) that”这类句型中，that所引导的主语从
6、句中的谓语动词常用 “(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某事是“重要”，“奇怪”，“自然”，“必要”等意义。如：It is important that every Beijinger (should) be able to speak English. 重要的是每个北京人能说英语。It is necessary that he (should) be sent to hospital at once. 2.虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词 that。a.表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去
7、进行式(be 的过去式用 were )表示。如： I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。（可惜不知道。）I wish it were spring in my hometown all the year around.但愿我的家乡四季如春。（只是愿望，实际根本不可能实现。）名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 9b. 表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用 had+过去分词。如：I wish (that) I hadnt wasted so much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。（实际上已经浪费掉
8、了。He wishes (wished) he hadnt lost the chance. 他真希望没有失去机会。（事实上机会已经失去了，他感到惋惜。）c. 表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为 “would/should/could/might+动词原形”，此时要注意，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿（非动作名词除外）。如：I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。I wish you would be quiet.我希望你安静一些。d. 在 suggest（建议）, demand(要求),
9、order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command(命令), request(要求), desire(希望)等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 “(should)+动词原形”，表示建议，要求，命令等。如：I suggest that we (should) start the meeting at once.The graduate insisted that he (should) go to work in the south.注：当 suggest 表示暗示，主语为 something；insist 表示坚持观点时，后接的宾语从句当用真实语气。比较：
10、His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision. He insists that doing morning exercises does good to peoples health. He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day. 3. 虚拟语气在表语从句中的用法当主语为 advice, suggestion, order, proposal 等词时后接表语从句
11、，表语从句中的谓语动词常用“(should)+动词原形”结构，表示某人建议、劝告、命令等的内容。如：My advice is that you should practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。The order from the commander was that the troops should set off for the front immediately. 司令官的命令是部队立即开拔去前线。三. 特殊的虚拟语气结构1.虚拟语气用在状语从句中由 as if 或 as ，though 引
12、导的状语从句表示比较或方式时，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气。动词形式用动词的过去式(bewere)或 had+过去分词。如：The teacher treats the student as if he were her own child. 这位老师带这位学生就象她的亲生孩子一样。He speaks as if he had been to the United States. 他说得好象他真的到过美国似的。在 It is time (that) ; Id rather (that)句型中从句的谓语动词常用动名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 1词的过去式表示虚拟语气，
13、意思是“该干某事了，时间已经有些晚了”“我宁愿/希望”。如：It is time that we did something to stop pollution. 该我们做些什么制止污染的时候了。It is time that Father picked up Lily from the kindergarten. 该父亲去幼儿园接莉莉的时候了。Id rather you told me the truth.我真希望你告诉我真相。Id rather I didnt see you again.我宁愿不再见着你。2. 虚拟语气在同位语从句中的用法在名词 advice, suggestion, o
14、rder, proposal 等后接的同位语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，其形式为 “(should)+动词原形”，说明“建议”，“劝告”，“命令”等的具体内容。如：The order came that the work should be finished two days ahead of time. 提前两天完成工作的命令传来了。Reluctantly she accepted their proposal that she should be operated on. 她勉强接受了他们要她去接受手术的建议。 注意： 有时条件从句中的动作和结果与主句中的动作，发生的时间不一致，这时动作的
15、形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。如：If you had followed my advice, you would be able to finish the work now. 如果你当时听了我的话，现在就能完成这份工作了。（从句说明过去，主句说明现在。）If I were you, I would have gone to her birthday party.如果我是你，我就去参加她的生日晚会了。（从句说明现在，主句说明过去。）If you hadnt lent me some money, I couldnt have bought the new house and most l
16、ikely I would be still living in the dangerous house now.假若你不借钱给我，我不可能买下这幢新房，很可能现在还住在危房里。（从句说明过去，主句说明过去和现在。）3. 条件从句中省去 if 的情况在 if 引导的表示虚拟的条件状语从句中，常可以省略 if，将 had, were 或 should 提至句首。如：Had I seen the film, I would have discussed it with them last night. 假如我看了那部电影，昨晚我就可以和他们一起讨论了。Were I a bird, I could
17、fly freely. 假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 1Should it rain next week the farmers would have a good harvest. 要是下周能下雨的话，农民们就能有个好收成了。语气有三种:陈述语气,祈使语气和虚拟语气.语气表示说话人对劝词所示示的动作或所处的状态持有的态度或看法.相关知识点精讲1.辨别 if 引导真实条件句和 if 引导的虚拟条件句的区别If he has time, he will go with us.= Probably he has time and wi
18、ll go with us.If he had time, he would go with us.=But in fact he has no time.2.虚拟条件句中主句和从句的谓与动词构成形式如下表if 条件句中的谓与动词 主句的谓与动词与现在的事实相反 1. 行为动词用 did 形式2. be 动词用 wereshouldwouldcould + 动词原形might 与过去的事实相反 had + doneshouldwouldcould + have + donemight与将来的事实相反1. 行为动词用 did2. should + 动词原形3. were to + 动词原形sho
19、uldwouldcould + 动词原形might 3.混合时间的虚拟语气如果条件句中的动作和主句的动作不是同时发生，主句和从句的谓语动词的形式应分别根据各自所表示的时间加以调整。1)0If I had received the passport yesterday, I would start today.2)If he had telephoned me last night, I would see him now.3)If he had followed the doctors advice, he would be all right now.4)If China had not b
20、een liberated, the working people would still be leading a miserable life.4.should/ could / might/ ought to + have done 表示“过去本应该/可以做而实际上却没做”neednt have done 表示“过去没必要作而实际上做了”5.虚拟语气中的倒装句如果虚拟语气的条件从句谓语动词中含有 were, had, could, should，有时可将 if 省去，而将条件从句的主语置于 were, had, should, could 之后。Had you invited us, w
21、e would have come to your party.Were I you, I would do more practice after class.Could she lend us a helping hand, she would do so.6.wish 后面的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用虚拟语气， 表示“可惜；.就好了； 悔不该； 但愿。 ”主句谓语 从句谓语wish 时态 谓语动词的形式名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 1现在时表示与 wish 同时发生动词用过去时be 动词用 were过去时表示在 wish 之前发生的动作动词用 had done
22、be 用 had been将来时表示在 wish 之后发生的动作动词用 would do; should dobe 用 would be ; should be1)I wish I knew the key to the answer.2)I wish I were ten years younger.3)I wish that I had gone to the football match last week.4)I wish that you had been here yesterday.5)He wishes that we would visit the old school.7.
23、表示命令或建议动词 suggest, insist, propose, desire, demand, request, order, command 后的宾语从句中应使用虚拟 should +动词原形； should 不可用 would 来替代; 主句所使用的动词时态不限。8.suggest 为“建议去做; 命令”从句用 should + do为“ 说明； 暗示”, 从句用过去时或过去完成时。1) The doctor suggested that I should take the medicine three times a day.2) The doctor suggested tha
24、t my grandmother had caught a bad cold.9.insist “坚持要去做，坚持应该去做” ，从句用 should + do 为“坚持表明，坚持说/解释” ， 从句用过去时或过去完成时。10.虚拟语气也用于表语从句和主语从句中，表示间接的命令、要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句的主语通常是 suggestion, proposal, request, order, idea 等。表语从句中的谓语动词是should +动词原型，should 可以省略。11.在主语从句中，当从句用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜等，从句的谓语动词用需拟语气形式。其谓语动词时 should +
25、 动词原型， 或 should 省略。下面我们将主要从上述四个方面来重点论述在考试中应该注意的问题。 一、虚拟语气的常见类型和句型 （1）由 wish 引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气 A用 wish 表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be 动词用were） 。 B用 wish 表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。 Cwish 用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或 could, would + have +动词过去分词。 The picture
26、 exhibition bored me to death; I wish I had not gone to it. -“I let Joe borrow our radio for the afternoon.” -“Thats all right, but I wish he would buy one of his own.” I wish that he werent so lazy. (2)had hoped 引起的宾语从句中备用语动词形式为 would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。 His father had hoped that his son woul
27、d go to business with him, but his son became an artist later. (3)would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner 和 would prefer 所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如： 名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 1Id rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。 I would prefer he didnt sta
28、y there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。 I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。 （4）Its (high, about) time that 句型中 that 从句中要求用虚拟语气形式，即动词要用过去式。 Its time that something was done about the traffic problem downtown. It is high time that we put an end to this discussion.现在是我们该结束讲
29、座的时候了。 （5）as, 或者 whetheror谓语多用 be 的原形，引导让步虚拟从句，这种用法通常采用倒装结构： Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, be they Christian, Islamivc, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on. The business of each day, be it selling goods or shipping them, went quite smoothly. （6）由连接词 in case, so that ,unless
30、, lest ,for fear that 引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即 should(might, would)+动词原形 ，例如： She put a blanket over the baby for fear that he should catch cold. 她在那个婴儿身上盖上了毯子以免他着凉。 The bad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he injure himself. (7) if it were not for与现在事实相反， if it had not been for 与过去事实相反，两个都相当于
31、but for： If it had not been for his help(=but for his help),we would not have succeeded. (8) 虚拟语气用于 as if（though）引起的方式状语从句和表语从句中，其动词形式与 wish 宾语从句的形式相同。例如：She often laughs spontaneously, and her good humor breaks out as brightly as if it were a part of the sunshine above.她常常发出发自内心的微笑，而且她那美好的情绪像天上一道明亮
32、的阳光一样，常常流露出来。 They talked as if they had been friends for years.他们交谈着，就好像他们是我年的老朋友一样。 She looks as if she would cry.她看起来好像要哭了。 (9)其它各种句型, as though, suppose, had rather, supposing, if only 等等 If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I buried my head in my hands for a cry. 二、特殊形式的虚拟语气 虚
33、拟语气的特殊形式，即用来表示要求、建议、命令、提议、意愿等的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟形式，其虚拟语气的构成往往是由 should(可省略)+动词原形 that 从句。 A、 用于表示意愿、建议、命令、提议、请求等动词后的 that 宾语从句中，这类动词有： advise 建议 arrange 安排 beg 请求 command 命令 decide 决定 demand 要求 desire 渴望 determine 决定 insist 坚持 intend 打算 maintain 坚持主张 B、用于 It is+形容词或过去分词+ 主语从句中，这类形容词或分词有： advis
34、able 合理的 decided 决定的 crucial 关键的 appropriate 恰当的 determined 决定的 commanded 命令的 arranged 安排的 essential 紧要的，基本的 probable（可能的） pity 可惜，憾事 shame 遗憾 注意：这类形容词后面除了可接 that 虚拟句以外，也可以 forto do 来表达，一般情况下，意思没有什么差别。 It is essential that he should be prepared for this. It is essential for him to be prepared for th
35、is. C用于由表示建议、要求、命令、请示等含义的名词引导的表语从句和同位语从句中，这类名词常见的有： advice 忠告 decision 决定 demand 要求 desire 要求、愿望 insistence 坚持 motion 提议 necessity 必要性 order 命令 preference 偏爱 proposal 提议 pray 恳求 recommendation 推荐 名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 1request 要求 requirement 要求 resolution 决心 suggestion 劝告、忠告 例如： This is thei
36、r resolution that extra-curriculum activities be made part of their school life.这是他们的决议：要使得课外活动成为他们学校生活的一部分。 The motion that the remark of the last speaker be expunged from the record.该提议要求把最后一个发言的人的讲话从记录上除掉。 三、混合虚拟语气 有时主句和从句的谓语动词指不同的时间，这时需要用混合虚拟语气。一般来说，在这种情况下，主从句谓语动词指代的时间不同，所以我们又可以错综时间条件句，在这种虚拟情况，动
37、词形式应根据实际情况灵活使用，在做这些题目时候尤其要注意每道题目的提示语：时间状语。绝大多数情况下，从句或者主句都有相关的时间状语，这是我解题的关键。 If you that late movie last night, you wouldnt be so sleepy. A. havent watched B. didnt watch C. hadnt watched D. wouldnt have watched 答案选 C。 Many dead would now be alive if they have not attempted to return for something. H
38、ad Paul received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now. 混合虚拟语气还有一种情况就是事实和虚拟假设的混合句，这样的句子不仅仅是时间的不同，而重要是事实和假设的混合。 I would have gone to visit him in the hospital had it been at all possible, but I was fully occupied the whole of last week. 该句前半部分是假设虚拟，而后半部分是事实的陈述。 Your math i
39、nstructor would have been happy to give you a make-up examination had you gone and explained that your parents were ill at the time. 该句前半句用的是假设虚拟，后半句主句也用的是假设虚拟（如果你去并且解释的话） ，但是后半句的从句用的是事实语气，因为“父母病了”是客观事实，故不需要用虚拟形式 had been。 四、含蓄虚拟条件句 含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为 if 引导的条件
40、句。常来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有： （1）介词或介词短语，如 but for, but that, without, in case of, under more favorable condition 等。 the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today.=If there hadnt been the leadership of the party, we could not be living a happy today. A. In spite of B. But for C. Because of D
41、. As for 答案选 B。 But that she was afraid, she would have said no. (2)连词，如：so that, unless, in case, supposing, lest, provided(倘若)，for fear that(唯恐)，in order that, on condition that, if only(要是就好了) 等。 She listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what he wanted.=if she listened caref
42、ully ,she might discover exactly what he wanted. If only I had more money, I could buy a car. (注：lest, for fear that 和 in case 引起的从句中谓语动词多用 should+动词原形，但可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。)例如： The foreign teacher spoke slowly in case we misunderstood him. 这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们听不懂。 Care must be taken in using this method
43、 lest overflow should occur.在使用此法时要小心谨慎，以免会发生溢流现象。 （3）通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有 but, otherwise, unfortunately 等类似转折词。 I thought the children when we returned home, but they were still awake. A. were sleeping B. would be sleeping C. had been sleeping D. would sleep 选择 B。 名思教育-我的成功不是偶然的海到无边天作岸，山高绝顶我为峰 1(4)形容词及
44、其比较级 A more careful person would not have made so many mistakes. A less conscientious man wouldnt have tried so hard to get this job done. (5)分词短语 Having known in time, we might have prevented the accident. Born ten days earlier, the boy could have seen his late father. (6)动词不定式短语。一般 intended/meant/
45、hoped/wished/planned 或 was/were+不定式完成式或 had intended/meant/planned/hoped/wished/+不定式一般式表示虚拟。 I intended I should call on you, but I was busy at that time. To hear him speak French, you would take him for an Englishman. She would be stupid not to accept his invitation. It would be easier to do it thi
46、s way. (7)名词短语和名词+and 结构 A judicious man would not have committed suicide. A diligent student would have worked harder. (8)独立主格结构 All things considered, the price would be reasonable. (9)定语从句 Anyone who had been in your position would have done the same. A nation, which stopped working, would be dea
47、d in a fortnight. (10）情态动词完成式暗示虚拟语气： I should have called to make an airline reservation, but I didnt. The porter ought to have called the fire-brigade as soon as he saw the fire in the stock, which went up in smoke. (11)动词原形表示虚拟 动词原形直接用在句子中也被看作是一种虚拟，最常见于正式文体中，动词原形一般用在条件从句中，有时倒装置于句首，同时这种用法也常见于独立句中表达愿望。 God bless you! All magnets behave the same, be they large or small. Shell be sixteen years odd, com May.(come May =when May come). If that be so, we shall take action at once. 课堂 总结课后作业：课堂反馈： 非常满意 满意 一般 差 学生签字：校长签字： _
