1、一、 【基础巩固】1. If I _ ten years younger, I _ very happy. A. were, would be B. am, shall be C. were, shall be D. am, would be 2. -You can ask your brother for help. -He is not at home. If he _, I _ . A. is, would B. were, would C. is, will D. were, will 3. If you _ the doctors advice, you would have alr
2、eady recovered. A. follow B. followed C. would follow D. had followed 4. If he had not missed the train, he _ there by then. A. might get B. might have got C. got D. had got 5. What would you have done last night, if you _ to write your homework. A. hadnt B. havent had C. didnt have D. hadnt had 6.
3、-Did you catch the plane? -No, if I had hurried, I _ . A. would B. would have C. could D. did 7. Why didnt you tell him the truth? If I _ you, I would have. A. were B. had been C. am D. would be 8. -How do you like the party? -Wonderful. If you had come with us, you _ a good time. A. had B. had had
4、C. would have D. would have had 9. If I _ out of my ink, I would have finished writing the paper. A. didnt run B. shouldnt run C. havent run D. hadnt run 10. If you _ early tomorrow morning, you would be there by noon. A. have started B. were start C. were to start D. had started 11. If you _ to the
5、 moon one day, you would find it quite different from the earth. A. travel B. had travelled C. should travel D. have trarelled 12. What _ yesterday if you _ TV programme. A. would you do, hadnt watch B. would you have done, hadnt watched C. could you do, didnt watch D. would you have done, didnt wat
6、ch 13. -Are you thinking about going to Dalian for the vacation? -No, but if I _ time, I _ very glad to go there. A. have, will be B. had had, would have been C. had, would be D. had had, would be 14. -My boss often made me work day and night. -If I _ you, I _ the job. A. am, will give up B. had bee
7、n you, would have given up C. were, would give up D. had been you, would give up 15. If you tell me all about it, I _ able to decide. A. would be B. could be C. were D. shall be 16. If you _ George, would you please tell him to ring me?A. saw B. were to C. have seen D. see 17. Im sure he hasnt sent
8、the letter. If he _ it, I _ . A. sent, got B. sent, have got C. sent, would go D. had sent, would have got 18. -Sally finally got here from Chicago. -If she _ earlier, we _ her to the party then. A. came, would take B. had come, would have taken C. comes, will take D. had come, would take 19. I dont
9、 know whether to take the medicine at once. If I _ ，I _ it. A. knew, would take B. had known, would have taken it C. knew, would have taken D. had known, would take 20. -Did you need any help with your maths last night? -No, If _ , I _ you. A. had, would have called B. had, would call C. had needed,
10、 would have called D. had needed, would call 二、 【能力提高】1. I would buy that car， if I _ enough money. A. have B. had C. will have D. had had 2. Ford might have come to school in time for Professor Smiths lecture, _ . A. if he got up earlier B. unless he had got up earlier C. but he got up rather late
11、D. but he had got up so late 3. _ their help in the past years, he would be living a hard life and might even have starve to death. A. With B. If it were not for C. If it had not been for D. If not 4. If it had not rained yesterday, the ground _ muddy now. A. is not B. will not be C. would not be D.
12、 would not have been5. You _ any difficulty now, if you had made a more careful plan. A. wont meet with B. would not meet with C. would not have met with D. have not met with 6. He did his best in everything, _ he would not have been what he was. A. and B. but C. otherwise D. but that 7. -What would
13、 you wish to do if you were to be a college student again? -Thats very hard to say, but I wish I _ biology when I was a college student. A. had studied B. studied C. study D. have studied 8. -You should have gone to the show with us yeaterday. Its very good. -I wished I _ , but I was busy with my re
14、port. A. had B. did C. would have D. were 9. Mr Johnson said angrily, “Dont order me about, as if I _ your wife. Im not. We are both the bosss men. “A. were B. am C. would be D. had been 10. _ the thick fence, he would have been more fearful. A. But for B. Without C. If it were not for D. both A and
15、 B 11. He talked as if he _ to Beijing, but I knew he hadnt. A. went B. were C. had been D. would have been 12. -Would you have told him the awswer, if possible? -Yes, I would have, but I _ very busy. A. had been B. were C. was D. would be 13. If he _ in England, what language could he probably spea
16、k now?A. were born B. had been born C. would have been born D. was born14. If we _ Stevens advice, we would not be lost in the forest. A. took B. had taken C. have taken D. would take15. If the govenment had built more houses for the homeless people after the earth quake, the housing problems now in
17、 some parts of the city _ so serious now. A. wouldnt be B. will not have been C. wouldnt have been D. would have not been 16. What a heavy rain it is! If we _ the rain coat, we wouldnt _ in the rain. A. had put on, be walking B. put on, walkC. put on, be walking D. should put on, walk 17. -Why is th
18、e window broken? -If I _ care, it _ . A. took, wouldnt happen B. had taken, wouldnt have happened C. took, wouldnt have happened D. had taken, wouldnt happen 18. -Do you think the thief entered through the side door? -No, if he had, he _ the living room window. A. would break B. would have broken C.
19、 wouldnt break D. wouldnt have broken 19. I _ one of Toms paintings, but if I had, he would have given it to me. A. wanted B. want C. didnt want D. dont want 20. Ive forgotten his telephone number. If I _ it down, I _ you now. A. put, would have told B. put, would tell C. had put, would have told D.
20、 had put, would tell 三、 【高考真题】 1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be2. The guard at the gate insisted that everybody _ the rules A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey3. -“The experiment had failed!“-“I suggest
21、you _ again.“ A. try B trying C. will try D. would try4. -“He is a very brave man. “-“Yes. I wish I _ his courage.“ A. have B. had C. will have D. would have5. If she had worked harder, she _ . A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded6. The plant is dead. I _ it mo
22、re water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given7. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see8. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would preventC. were; would prevent D. were;
23、would have prevented9. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might giveC. may have given D. may give10. Without electricity human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be11. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A.
24、were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climbC. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb12. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might studyC. should have studied D. would study13. - If he _ , he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent t
25、o the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have takenC. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken14. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ , she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had com
26、e15. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _ . A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken16. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt getC. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got17. _ he
27、had not hurt his leg, John would have won the race. （07 全国 II）A. If B. SinceC. Though D. When答案与分析1选 A。从句的意思反映出其愿望是不可能实现的，应该使用虚拟语气。从各选项中分析只有 A 符合虚拟条件句的语法规则。2选 B。前文已经给出，这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件从句。3选 D。从两个方面分析都应选 D。从 follow the doctors advice 动作本身分析，这是个非延续性动词，所以它只能是要么已经，要么将来，即要么与过去事实相反，要么与将来事实相反。从全句的意思中分析，应是前
28、者。也可以从主句中分析。它是与过去事实相反的 would have recovered。从全句的意思上看，从句也应是与过去事实相反。4选 B。上一题考查从句中时态的选用，而本题则是考查主句时态的选用。从句是与过去事实相反，根据从句的意思，主句也应是与过去事实相反。5选 D。主句与从句都理解为与过去事实要反相才正确。 have to 被否定后的意思是“不是不得不“，“ 不是非得 “。have 一词作“有“解时，其否定和疑问的形式有两种，you dont have, you havent，但作除 “有“ 解以外的含义时，只能有第一种否定或疑问形式，所以选项 A 是错的。B 项不是虚拟语气，C 项是
29、与现在或将来事实相反故也须排除。6选 B。 根据问句，if 条件从句及全句的意思，主句只能理解为与过去事实相反， would have 是 would have caught 的省略。7选 B。从句应理解为与过去事实相反，故选 had been。8选 D。问句中虽用现在时，但实际上是询问过去的事，故主从句都是与过去事实相反，所以 would have had 是对的。9选 D。与过去事实相反的从句是过去完成时，故选 hadnt run。run out of 意为“用光“。10选 C。从句中的 tomorrow morning 已经告知我们，本句可理解为与将来事实相反，A、D 两项都不 对。B
30、项缺少 to，故选 were to start。11选 C。从句中的 one day 指“将来有一天“，故用 should 可表示将来。12选 B。根据主句中的 yesterday 可以确定，主句是与过去事实相反，又根据句意，从句也是与过去事实相反，故选 B。13疑问句是询问将来，故用与将来事实相反的 C 项。14选 B。第一句中的 made 是指过去，回答要同上文的时间相符，所以，主句和从句均是与过去事实相反。15选 D。条件从句的 tell 说明这不是一个虚拟条件，因此选用真实意义的 D 项。16选 D。would you please 并不是虚拟语气，而是一种很委婉的祈使句，故从句也不用
31、虚拟条件，而选用真实条件的 see。17选 D。第一句已清楚地道出过去的一个事实。第二句是与这个过去的事实相反的虚拟语气，故选用 D。18选 B。根据第一句，第二句中的条件从句应是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟条件，而主句也用与过去事实相反，这是由于句尾的 then 的缘故，如果没有 then 一词，选 D 项也是正确的。19选 A。主、从句都是与现在事实相反，故用 A。20选 C。第一句是询问过去的事实，第二句中的主、从句都理解为过去才合逻辑，虽然D 选项在语法上是对的，但从时间上看却不合理。B 层次答案与分析答案与分析1选 B。根据主从句之间在逻辑上的时间关系，应视为同时发生故选 B。但本句在没
32、有语言环境的情况下，也可以看做是一个过去的真实条件句。2选 C。might have come 在含有虚拟条件复合句的主句中表示与过去事实相反，也可用于真实的情况，意即“可能已经“，但仔细分析四个选项，其中无一可以在语法，时态和含义上同前面的句子相一致，故只能将 might have come 看做是虚拟语气的用法。如果是这样，A 项中的 got up 指与现在事实相反的虚拟条件，这与主句不合逻辑。B 项中的 unless不能用于虚拟语气条件。C 项是一个指过去发生的真实事件，这正和与过去事实相反的主句相一致，而虚拟条件从句也被省略，它应该是 if he had got up early。D
33、项中的过去完成时，在没有任何参照的情况下是不对的。3选 C。如用 with 则全句的逻辑关系不成立，而用 D 项其语法结构有错。in the past years 已经告诉我们应与过去事实相反的条件从句，所以只有 C 是对的，B 项用来表示与现在事实相反，也应排除。B、C 这两种用法只能表示虚拟条件，不能表示真实条件，其意思是“如果没有“ 。4选 C。虚拟条件从句虽是指过去，但从其与主句的逻辑关系上分析，主句只能是现在，故选 C，从 now 一词也可得出这一结论。5选 B。分析方法同上。6选 C。otherwise 在这是一个虚拟条件从句的替代词，它代替了 if he hadnt done h
34、is best。7选 A。从 wish 后的过去时间状语判断，这应该是一个对过去未能实现事情的一种愿望，故应使用过去完成时。8选 A。在确定 wish 后从句的时态时，不要受 wish 本身时态的影响，它同对从句时态的确定毫无关系。问题的关键是要看 wish 和从句中的动词的时间先后关系，无论 wish 本身是何种时态，它与这个动词的时间关系是固定不变的，在变成间接引语时，我们会更能体会到这种关系：He said，“I wish I had been there. “He said that he wished he had been there. wish 的时态变了，可它与后面动词的时间关
35、系并没有变。请参阅本章的语法说明。9选 A。根据句意，这是一个与现在事实相反的比喻，准确地说，是一个与主句动词同时发生的一个动作，故用一般过去时的 were。10选 D。But for（如果没有）和 without 都可用于表示条件，并没有时间限制，它们既有 If it were not for 的意思，也有 if it had not been for 的意思。但前者只用来表示虚拟条件，而后者用于虚拟和真实均可。C 项表示与现在事实相反，这与主句不能成立。11选 C。as if 后时态的确定同 wish 一样，也不要受主句时态的影响，对它的分析请见上面第 8 题及其分析。12选 C。but
36、引出的内容是一个事实。13选 B。从句用与过去事实相反的过去完成时才能合句意。14选 B。从句只能指过去。15选 A。主句中的 now 一词已表明是与现在事实相反。16选 A。从句应理解为与过去事实相反，故用过去完成时，句首的感叹句告诉我们，这是一个当前的情景，所以 wouldnt 后用进行时较妥。17选 B。第一句虽用了一个现在时的疑问句，但“打碎“ 这个动作确是已经发生了。所以主从句都应视为过去事实相反。18选 D。用与过去事实相反的否定句才合逻辑。19选 C。从虚拟条件从句及其主句可判断出这是一个过去发生的否定的事实。20选 D。从句是指过去，而主句是指现在。历届高考题参考答案参考答案15DBABD610DCAA/CD1115CCBDC16-17 DA
