1、,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,1,Simple Nomenclature of OrganicCompoundsIUPAC RulesInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry国际理论和应用化学联合会,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,2,有机化合物主要根据其官能团(functional group)分类,烃 (hydrocarbon)醚 (ether)酯 (ester),醛 (aldehyde
2、)醇 (alcohol)胺 (amine),酮 (ketone)羧酸 (carboxylic acid)酰胺 (amide),氨基酸 (amino acid)有机化合物命名要反映出其官能团种类，及其分子中的原子组成和数目,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,3,烃的命名烷烃(alkane)的命名相关词头+后缀 -ane从第五个成员戊烷(pentane)，烷烃的命名根据其碳原子数目的希腊数字派生。,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,4,命名有机化合物的数字前缀
3、,己烷 hexane,庚烷 heptane,癸烷 decane,10个碳原子？命名基本原则：个位数字相应前缀+十位数字相应前缀+ 后缀-ane,十三烷,个位：3 tri-,十位：10 deca-,后缀 -ane,tridecane,十八烷,octadecane,注意：十一烷和十二烷的写法,十一烷：undecane,十二烷：dodecane,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,5,命名有机化合物的数字前缀20个碳原子？,20,eicosa-,30 triaconta-,从30起，之后的10的倍数均为相应前缀加上-aconta,4
4、0 tetraconta-三十五烷？,50 pentaconta-pentatriacontane,二十五烷？,pentaeicosane？,pentacosane,21烷的十位数前缀为 heneicosa-，22烷为docosa2329烷的十位数前缀为 cosa-,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,6,命名有机化合物的数字前缀un- / hen-do-,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,7,烷基的命名将烷烃的词尾的-ane去掉，加上-yl，则为烷基名称,
5、CH3 ?,CH4 methane,CH3 methyl,CH3CH2CH2CH2,butyl,?,(CH3)2CHCH2(CH3)3CCH2(CH3)3CCH2CH3,?,2-methyl propyl2,2-dimethylpropyl2,2-dimethyl butane,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,8,烃的命名烯烃和炔烃的命名烯烃(alkene)：相关词头+后缀 ene炔烃(alkyne); 相关词头+后缀 yne烯基的命名将烯烃的词尾 -ene 改为 -enyl,College of Chemistry an
6、d Chemical Engineering, SUES,9,烃的命名芳香烃(Aromatic Hydrocarbon)的命名因其含双键，故均以后缀-ene结尾。,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,10,烃的命名芳香烃(Aromatic Hydrocarbon)的命名,？,methylbenzene,苯环上表示2个 基团的相对位置 命名可用邻o, 间m对p表,示。1,2-dimethylbenzeneo-dimethylbenzene当芳香环上带有脂肪链时，以芳环作为骨架，脂链作为取代基。ethenylbenzene？,Co
7、llege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,11,烃的命名芳香基的命名,苯 基,苯 甲 基,phenylphenylmethyl,12,烃的命名卤代烃(Organic Halide)的命名命名时将卤素作为主链的取代基在其元素名主干后加字母o,chlorobenzeneCollege of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,1,4-dichlorobenzenep-dichlorobenzene,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, SUES,13,练 习壬烷、十一烷、二十一烷、二十七烷、三十二烷、三氯甲烷,
