1、Fundamentals and New Concepts for ElectronicsTelecommunications,专业英语数量的表示,How to translate these sentences?,Wire A is twice as long as wire B. Light waves are 2,000 to 10,000 times longer than X-ray waves. The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last
2、year.,数字的表示,约定俗成的规则 : 用单词表示不定数量或近似值； 句首不用阿拉伯数字，一般用英语的单词，句末要尽量避免用阿拉伯数字； 两数连用时，分别用单词和阿拉伯数字表示，习惯上将短的用单词写出； 遇到分数，可用带连字符号的单词表示。,不确定数字的表示,大约、左右，常用about、some、approximately、of the order of、more or less、or so等词。 多于，常用over、above，more than、in excess of等词。 少于，常用less than、under、below、close to等词。 以复数形式表示，如tens、do
3、zens、scores、hundreds、thousands of、thousands upon thousands of 等。,例句,The microwave communication channel has a very large bandwidth and will accommodate thousands of telephone conversations or dozens of television channels at once.,The gain of the voltage follower with the feedback loop closed is uni
4、ty.,The result indicated that actual error probabilities were of the order of 1 percent.,某些表示数量的词或词组,倍数的增加,A is n times as +形容词/副词+as B A is n times +比较级+than B A is n times +the 名词 of B,Wire A is twice as long as wire B. Light waves are 2,000 to 10,000 times longer than X-ray waves. This high volta
5、ge DC converter is 9 times the weigh of that.,翻译为：A是B的n倍，即比B大（长、多）n-1倍,在英语中经常用once表示一倍，twice或double表示两倍，thrice、treble表示三倍。,倍数的增加,increase to n times increase n times /n-fold increase by n times increase by a factor of n,翻译为：增加到n倍，即增加n-1倍,increase也常用其他表示有增加意义的词代替，如raise、grow、go、step up、multiply等。,例句,
6、The production of integrated circuits has been increased to three times as compared with last year.Since the voltage is raised one hundred-fold, the current drops by the same proportion to one-hundredth.The sensibility of this type of radio was increased by twice.The drain voltage has been increased
7、 by a factor of four.,倍数的增加,“a +n times(n-fold)+有增加意义的名词”,译为“增加了n-1倍”,There is a two times increase of our institutes students as compared with last year.,A is as much (large, long ) again as B. A is half as much (large, long ) again as B,The peak power is again as great as the carrier power.,A比B多（大
8、，长）1倍。 （即两倍）,A比B多（大，长）1半。（即一倍半）,与汉语不同的是：英语在表述或比较倍数时，无论使用什么句型（除了不含倍数词的again句型之外）都包括基础倍数在内，因此都不是净增或净减n倍，而是净增或净减n-1倍。,倍数的减少,“系动词+n times +比较级+than” “a n times less than”结构,R1 is 3 times less than R2. The emitter series resistance is a four times less than the collector one. The hydrogen atom is near1y
9、l6 times as light as the oxygen atom.,倍数的减少,有减少意义的动词 +n times n times as much asby n timesby a factor of n不定冠词+有减少意义的名词+by a factor of n “A is n times as small (light, slow) as B” “ a n times (n-fold) reduction”,例句,The length of laser tube was reduced ten times. The weight of the new typewriter is r
10、educed three times as light as that of the old one. The bandwidth was reduced by two times.The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5. An increase in resistance from 150 to 900is roughly equivalent to a decrease in power by a factor of 5. The principal advantage of the electronic p
11、roducts is a two-fold reduction in weight.,百分数增减的表示法与译法,（1）表示增减意义的动词 例 The output value has increased 35%. （2）表示增减意义的动词by 例 The prime cost decreased by 60%. （3）表示减少意义的动词to+% (表示减少后剩余的数量) 例 By using this new-process the loss of metal was reduced to 20%. （4） 比较级 than (表示净增减的数量) 例 Retail sales are expe
12、cted to be nine percent higher than last year.,百分数增减的表示法与译法,（5） 比较级 名词 (表示净减数) 例 The new-type machine wasted 10 percent engergy supplied.（6）a + % + increase (表示净增数) 例 There is a 20% increase of steel as compared with last year.（7）+ (of) 名词（代词） (表示净减数，数字n照译) 例 The production cost is about 60 percent that of last year. （8）%up on 或over (表示净增数) 例 The grain output of last year in this province was 20% percent up on that of 1978.,补充几个数量的表达方法,A hundred and one = a lot ofA long hundred A long hourA long dozenA scoreA decadeAt nine hundred hoursTwenty odd = twenty and odd,
