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初一英语补习资料.doc

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1、二 情态动词 Can 1 can 作“能、会”解,否定式是 cannot,缩写为 cant。 “can+动词原形 ” “cant+动词原形” :表示某人能做或不能做某事Can 是情态动词,没有人称和数的变化。Can 表示的”能力”为现在的能力,而不是过去或将来的能力。1). for ability 表示能力。例如: Can you write in English? Yes, I can. I can run fast,can you? 2). indicating acquired knowledge or skill 表示获得的知识或技能。例如: Can she speak Japanes

2、e? No, she cant.她会说日语吗?不,她不会。 3). indicating permission 表示许可。例如: Can I read your newspaper?我能看看你的报纸吗? Can I take you home?我送你回家行吗? We cant wear jeans at work.我们上班时不准穿牛仔裤。 4). indicating requests 表示要求。例如: Can you help me with this box?你能帮我弄这个箱子吗? Can you feed the cat?你喂喂猫好吗? 5). indicating possibly 表

3、示可能性。例如: That cant be Maryshes in hospital.那不可能是玛丽她住院了。 He cant have slept through all that noise.那么吵他不可能睡得着觉。 Theres someone outsidewho can it be?外面有人会是谁呢? 6). used to make suggestions 用以提出建议。例如: We can eat in a restaurant, if you like.你愿意的话,咱们可以在饭馆吃饭。 I can take the car if necessary.必要时我可以开车去。三 情态

4、动词 Would 1 Would 是 will 的过去式,可用于各人称,表示过去时间的“意志“、“ 愿望“和 “决心“ 等。如:I told peter that I would go along wit him.我告诉彼得我要跟他一块去。2 would 用来表示现在时间时时,不论是表达说话人本身的意志或向对方提出请求,均较will 婉转。如:Would you like to have a glass of wine? 你要喝杯酒吗?Would you please tell me the way to the nearest bus-stop? 注在日常会话中,I would like t

5、o 和 I should like to 都可以说,I would like 的简略式为 Id like。如:yes, Id like to. Yes, Id love to Yes, very much. Sorry, ai already have an appointment. 3 Would 还可以表示过去习惯发生的动作I found that retired persons would often go to the park to play chess.我发现退休的人经常到公园里下棋。When he had a problem to solve,he would work at i

6、t until he found an answer.当他有个问题要解决时,他总是想办法一直到找到答案为止。练习:1 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I_A_.A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt D. may not2 The children_ play football on the road.A. cant B. can C. mustnt D. must3 -Shall we go and visit the History Museum next Sunday?A. Here you are B. Sorry, I cant C. Ye

7、s, please D. Let me try4 Excuse me. _ you please pass me that cup?A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must5 _ you like to have another try?A. Could B. Will C. Would D. Do6 -Would you like to go boating with us? -Yes, _.A. Id like B. I want C. Id like to D. I do练习:五 “have got”六 序数词七 一般现在时一般现在时:1) 它表示经常性、习惯性的

8、动作或存在的状态。e.g. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now. 2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好 等。e.g. He can swim. I work hard. I like watching TV. 3)表示客观真理,表示格言或警句中e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth. 一 其结构按正常语序,即“主语+谓语+其它” ,有时为了起强调作用,时间状语也可提前.二 其句式变化可分为两种情况1)表示动作, 一般人称作主语的,变否定句须在动词前

9、加助动词 dont;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词 do。They have lunch at 12:00. They dont have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?2)单三人称做主语的,变否定句须在动词前加助动词 doesnt;变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词 does。Jenny speaks English very well. Jenny doesnt speak English very well. Does Jenny speak English very well? 含有 be 动词的要在 be 上做变化. E.g. Dan

10、ny is a good student. Danny isnt a good student. Is Danny a good student?三 其时间状语为 often、 usually、 always、 sometimes 等频率副词,on Saturdays、 in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。做题时常见错误如下:一、be 动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例:We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.解析:学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译,就成了“我们是在春天植树” 。这是学习英语最忌讳

11、的,要看语法是不是正确,在英语中,be 是表状态,do 是表动作,两种动词不能同时出现在句子中,可记住如下口诀:“英汉语言有差异,be 、do 不能放一起,仔细琢磨细分析,语法千万要牢记。 ”二、单三人称形式易出错例:1 He plaies (play) football very well.2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10. 答案:1 plays 2 goes 解析:1 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把 y 换成 i 再加 es;2 与名词变复数不同,变单三人称形式以 o 结尾的词要加 es.三、在句式变换时易出错例:1 Does Jenn

12、y has (has) a good friend?2 Brian doesnt lives (not live) in China. 答案:1 Does have 2 doesnt live 解析:单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时,可记住如下口诀:“见助动,用原形” 。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didnt go home yesterday.四、对 do 的理解易出错例:We dont (not do) our homework in the afternoon. 答案:dont do解析:do 是一个比较难理解的词,它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称;b

13、)是助动词,无实义;c) 是一个具体的行为动词“做,干” 。此句中给出的 do 指“做,干” ,not 指把此句变为否定句,故须在 do 前加助动词 dont。五、对主语的数判断有误例: Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing. 答案: is 解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京 ”,但 with 在此做伴随状语,不能做主语,故用is.另外,宾语从句中,从句部分若是表示客观真理,不管主句是何时态,从句都要用一般现在时;在时间和条件状语从句中,主句表将来,从句要用一般现在时。练习:1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a

14、 hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C

15、rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied答案:1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)

16、English?3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .答案:1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look5 do have 6 want

17、s 7 does do 8 play补充知识点:一this ,that 和 it 用法(1)this 和 that 是指示代词,it 是人称代词。(2)距离说话人近的人或物用 this, 距离说话人远的人或物用 that。如:This is a flower. 这是一朵花。 (近处)That is a tree. 那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说 this, 后说 that。如:This is a pen. That is a pencil. 这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说 This is, 不说 That is。如:This is Helen. Hel

18、en, this is Tom. 这是海伦,海伦,这是汤姆。(5)This is 不能缩写 , 而 That is 可以缩写。如:This is a bike. Thats a car. 这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)打电话时,介绍自己用 this, 询问对方用 that。如:Hello! Is that Miss Green? 喂,是格林小姐吗?Yes, this is. Whos that? 是的,我是,你是谁?注意:虽然汉语中使用“我”和“你” ,但英语中打电话时绝不可以说:I am, Are you?/Who are you?(7)在回答 this 或 that 作主语的疑问句时

19、, 要用 it 代替 this 或 that。如:Is this a notebook? 这是笔记本吗? Yes, it is. 是的,它是。Whats that? 那是什么? Its a kite. 是只风筝。二 these 和 those 用法this, that, these 和 those 是指示代词,these 是 this 的复数形式 ,指时间,距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those 是 that 的复数形式,指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。This is my bed. That is Lilys bed. 这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。These pictures

20、are good. 那些画很好。 Are those apple trees? 那些是苹果树吗?在回答主语是 these 或 those 的疑问句时,通常用 they 代替 these 或 those 以避免重复。Are these/those your apples? 这些(那些) 是你的苹果吗?Yes, they are. 是的,他们是。三不定冠词 a 和 ana 和 an 都是不定冠词,表示一(个,支,本,块)的意思,但不强调数量概念,而是强调类别,用来限定名词。a 用在辅音素开头的单数名词前,如:a pencil( 一支铅笔),a book(一本书) ;an 用在元音音素开头的名词前,

21、如 an eraser(一块橡皮)。如果名词前有修饰语,用 a 还是用 an,则以该修饰语的第一音素决定用 a 还是用 an。如:a clock 一座钟 an old clock 一座旧钟 a book 一本书 an English book 一本英语书a nice apple 一个可爱的苹果 an apple 一个苹果五like 一词的用法like 用作及物动词,译为“喜欢” 。(1)后接名词或代词,表示喜欢某人或某物。如:I like the baby very much. 我非常喜欢这个小孩。(2)后接动名词(v. -ing) ,表示“喜欢做某事” ,着重于习惯、爱好。如:Tom lik

22、es playing football. 汤姆喜欢踢足球。(3)后接动词不定式(to do ),表示 “偶尔地喜欢做某事” ,着重于某次具体的行为。如:I like reading, but I like to watch TV this evening. 我喜欢读书,但我今晚想看电视。六句子单数变复数,注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词,即 Iwe, youyou,she,he,it they。She is a girl. They are girls.(2)am,is 要变为 are。如:Im a student. We are students.(3)不定冠词

23、a,an 要去掉。如:He is a boy. They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如:It is an apple. They are apples.(5)指示代词 this,that 要变为 these,those。如:This is a box. These are boxes.七英语日期的表示法英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词,它们的首字母必须大写,并且前面无需用冠词。用英语表示日期,其顺序为月+日+年,日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如:August 2nd,2003(2003 年 8 月 2 日) 。也可以用日+月+ 年来表示。如:10th May,2003(20

24、03 年 5 月 10 日)英语日期前介词的使用:若指在哪一年或哪一月,则用介词 in,若具体到某一天,则需用介词 on。She was born in 1989 She was born in August. She was born in August 1989. She was born on 2nd August, 1989.八 时间的表达法(1) 直读式,即直接读出时间数字7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen(2) 过、差式,即几点差几分,几点过几分。 (以 30 分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 2:30 half p

25、ast two3:43 seventeen to four 4:38 twenty-two to five(3)12 小时制6:00 a.m. 上午 6 点 8:20 p.m. 下午 8 点 20 分(4)24 小时制13:00 13 点钟 22:15 22 点 15 分(5)15 分可用 quarter4:15 a quarter past four 5:45 a quarter to six(6)时间前通常用 at.at 5 oclock at 7:30 p.m.九 关于时间的问法(1)以 when 提问,“什么时候”可以是较长的时间段,也可以是较短的时间点When is your bir

26、thday? 你的生日是什么时候? My birthday is Dec. 29th. 我的生日是 12 月 29 日。这里就是指一天的时间段When do you go home? 你几点回家? I go home at 4:30 p.m. 我下午 4:30 回家.这里 when 问的是具体的时间。(2)具体几点我们通常用 what time 提问What time is it now? 现在几点了? or Whats the time? 几点了?Its 9:26. 现在九点二十六。What time is it by your watch? 你手表几点了?Its 8:36. Oh, Its

27、 50 minutes late 8:36,哦,它慢了 50 分钟。What time do you get up? 你几点起床?I get up at 6:00 a.m. 我早上 6 点起床。十一 want 用法(1)想干什么用 want to do sthThey want to join the sports club. 他们想加入运动俱乐部。(2)第三人称单数作主语,want 要作变化He wants to play basketball. Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3)变疑问句,否定句要借助助动词 do 或 does.Do you want to play soccer ball ? Yes , I do . / No , I dont.Does he want to go home by bus ? Yes , he does . / No , he doesnt十二 人称代词 主格: I we you she he it they 宾格: me us you her him it them 形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their 名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs

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