1、1英语复习 -名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句由连词、连接代词和连接副词引导。关联词 主语从句 宾语从句 表语从句 同位语从句连词连接代词连接副词判断从句：（1）That the pop singer will come to this city excites everybody. （2）Everybody is excited to hear that t
2、he pop singer will come to this city. （3）The news that the pop singer will come to this city excites everybody. （4）The news is that the pop singer will come to this city. （5）The news that the pop singer gave us excites everybody. （6）We should make it a rule to leave things where we can find them.（一）
3、主语从句在主从复合句中位于谓语之前、充当主语功能的从句叫做主语从句。引导主语从句的连接词常有：连词 that， whether；连接代词 who，what，which 以及其强调形式whoever，whatever ， whichever；和连接副词 when，where，how， why 等。1.Whether it is true remains a problem.2.That she was chosen made us very happy.3.What I can do is to tell you the truth.4.How the book will sell depend
4、s on its author.5.Whoever told you that was lying.6.It was obvious that the driver couldnt control his car.主语从句：应注意问题1. 主语从句的语序主语从句要求使用_语序，而非一般疑问句语序。2. 连接词的选用（1）that 和 what 的选用that 和 what 都可引导主语从句。what 除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当某些成分，可作从句的_、_或_。而 that 在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，无词义，只起连接词作用，但_（可以省略/不可以省略） 。（2）if 和 whethe
5、r 的选用引导主语从句，不能用_，只能用_。（3）其它连接代词和副词的选用根据主语从句的具体意义，正确的选择 who, which, when, where, why, how 等连接词，这些连接词既有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。（4）whatever / whoever 的功用2whatever, whoever 在主语从句中不含疑问意义。它引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。whatever = anything that; whoever = anyone who。要注意和 whatever, whoever引导的让步状语从句的区别。Whoever bre
6、aks the law should be punished.（Anyone _ breaks the law should be punished. ）Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.（_ who breaks the law, he should be punished. ）3. it 构成的主语从句（1）由连词 that 引导的主语从句，在大多数情况下会放到句子的后面，而用代词 it 作形式主语。It is well-known that the earth moves around the sun. 需要注意的是，it 作形式
7、主语代替主语从句时，要注意和 as 引导的定语从句的区别。试比较：It was reported that the US was under the terrorist attack. As was reported, the US was under the terrorist attack （2）常见用 it 作形式主语的复合句结构It is a fact (a good idea / a pity / a shame / no wonder / good news)that如：Its a pity that you missed the film. It is necessary (cl
8、ear / true / strange/ important / possible)that这类主语从句中，谓语动词很多为“_” 。It is necessary that you (should) master the computer. It is important that a student learn English well. It is reported (well-known / hoped / thought / expected /said /believed/decided /suggested /ordered) that如：It is said that he w
9、as killed in the earthquake. It seems (happened / appears / doesnt matter / makes no difference / ) that It seems that they will win the game. It makes no difference whether he will attend the meeting or not. 实战演练1_ fashion differs from country to country may reflect a cultural difference from one a
10、spect （2002 春季上海）AWhat BThat CThis DWhich2_ she couldnt understand was _fewer and fewer students showed interests in her lessons （2000 上海）AWhat；why BThat ； what CWhat ；because DWhy；that3 _ we cant get seems better than _ we have （NMET96）AWhat；what BWhat；that CThat；that DThat；what4 _ well go camping
11、tomorrow depends on the weather （NMET96 ）AIf BWhether CThat DWhere5 _ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present （MET93）AWhat BThat CThe fact DThe matter6 _ you dont like him is none of my business （92 上海）AWhat BWho CThat DWhether7It worried her a bit _ her hair was turning grey （MET92）3Awh
12、ile Bthat Cif Dfor8. _ we need more practice is quite clear.A. When B. What C. That D. /9. _ knows the truth about it will tell you.A. Who that B. That C. Whoever D. That who10. _ he is doing seems quite difficult.A. How B. That C. Which D. What11. _ certain that his invention will lead to the devel
13、opment of production.A. Thats B. This is C. Its D. Whats12. _ that there is another good harvest this year.A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said13. _ that she has received a doctors degree.A. Its a splendid news B. This is a splendid newsC. Its splendid news D. This is splendid news
14、14. It is strange _.A. that no one should like this book B. that no one liked this bookC. that why no one likes this book D. why no one likes this book15. It is suggested that the experiment _ under low temperature.A. makes B. is make C. should be made D. will be made16. _ still needs to be discusse
15、d.A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried outC. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan carried out（二）表语从句在主从复合句中，位于连系动词之后且充当表语的从句叫做表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词常有：连词 that， whether；连接代词 who，what，which ；连接副词when，where ， how，why 以及其它连词 as if，as though，because 等。表语从句：应注意问题 A. 表语从句一定
16、要用_ 语序。判断正误：The question is when can he arrive at the hotel.The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.B. if 和 whether 的选用不能用_，只能用_连接表语从句(as if 例外） 。判断正误：The question is if the enemy is marching towards us.The question is whether the enemy is marching towards us.It looked as if he had understoo
17、d this question.C. 不像宾语从句，在有表语从句的复合句中，主句时态和从句时态可以不一致。判断正误： The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.The question is why he cried yesterday.D. that 在表语从句中_。 （可以省略/ 不可以省略）实战演练1What the doctors really doubt is_ my mother will recover from the serious disease soon （2001 春季上海）Awhen Bho
18、w Cwhether Dwhy2It was _ he worked hard that he succeeded.4A. because B. since C. as D. for3Go and get your coatIts_ you left it （MET92）Athere Bwhere Cthere where Dwhere there4I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella_I got wet all through （98 上海）AIts the reason BThats why CTheres why DIts how5. Pers
19、everance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. (上海 2003)A. what B. that C. which D. why6. Thats _ the Party called on us to do.A. what B. that C. how D. why7. She looked _ she were ten years younger.A. that B. like C. as D. as though8. The reason I have to go is _ if I dont.
20、A. that she will be disappointed B. because she will be disappointedC. on account of her being disappointed D. that she will be disappointing（三）宾语从句在主从复合句中充当宾语、位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句叫做宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连接词常有：连词 that，whether，if；连接代词 who，which，what 以及其强调形式 whoever，whichever，whatever；连接副词 when，where，why，how 等。宾
21、语从句：应注意问题1. 引导词 that 的取舍 that 引导宾语从句时，特别是在口语中 that 常可省略。但在下列情况下，引导宾语从句的that 一般不省略。 1）当由两个或两个以上的 that 引导的从句作同一个动词或介词的宾语时，第二个以及以后从句中的 that 不宜省略。如： He said（that）he couldnt tell you right away and that you wouldnt understand 2）当动词 think, make, feel, consider 等后用 it 作形式宾语来代替 that 引导的宾语从句时。We think it nec
22、essary that we should practise spoken English every day 3）当 that 引导的宾语从句中的状语紧接 that 时。如： He said that even if it rained，he would be able to come 2引导词 whether 和 if 的选用 二者引导宾语从句时，一般可换用。但在下列情况下，通常只能用 whether 而不能用 if。 1）在引导词后紧接_时。如： We didnt know whether or not she was ready 2）当用 if 易引起歧义时。如： Please let
23、 me know whether you like itPlease let me know if you like it3. 从句中谓语动词时态的选择 一般地说，当主句谓语动词使用的是过去的时态时，后面宾语从句中的时态要受主句时态的限制，用相应的过去时态。但若宾语从句所表示的是客观真理（规律）或人和物的经常性、习惯性以及阶段性的动作或事实时，则从句的时态不受主句时态的限制。这种情况下从句常用一般现在时。 When I was a boy，my teacher told me that the earth _ (be) round He told me he _ (tell) his moth
24、er the news yesterday 54从句中使用虚拟语气的场合 1）在表示建议（advise, suggest） ，坚持（insist）要求（demand, require）和命令（order, command）等动词后的宾语从句中，常用“_”的形式来表示虚拟语气。如：I suggest that we（should）have a rest now 2）表示愿望的 wish 后的宾语从句中须用虚拟语气。如： I wish I could fly I wish I had known it before I wish you would stay a little longer5. 含
25、宾语从句的疑难句型 1）IWe dont think 宾语从句 这是一个常见的否定转移句型。使用时常把宾语从句中的否定词 not 移至主句中，即主句谓语用否定式而从句谓语则用肯定式。该结构常译为“我（我们）认为不”。如：We dont think there is anything of interest in your pictures 2）疑问词（what，how，who 等）do you thinkbelievesupposeimaginesuggest 其它句子成分 这是一个复杂特殊疑问句。它由一个一般疑问句（do you think）和一个特殊疑问句（疑问词其它句子成分）合并而成。如
26、： When do you think he will be back？你认为他会什么时候回来呢？ 实战演练1I think its going to be a big problemYes， it could beI wonder _ we can do about it （2002 春季）Aif Bhow Cwhat Dthat2A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do （NMET2001 ）Ahow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen3Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the scho
27、olmaster_ he had done the day beforeAthat Bhow Cwhere Dwhat4These wild flowers are so special that I would do _ I can to save them （2000 春季）Awhatever Bthat Cwhich Dwhichever5Eat _ cake you like and leave the others for _ comes in late （2000 春季上海）Aany；who Bevery；whoever Cwhichever；whoever Deither ；wh
28、oever6It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants （NMET97）Ahowever Bwhatever Cwhichever Dwhenever7Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests （95 上海）Aanyone Bwhomever Cwhoever D no matter who8. He was interested in _ he had seen at the exhibition.A. which B. that
29、C. all what D. all that9. He often thinks of _ he can do more for the four modernizations.A. what B. how C. that D. which10. Ill certainly tell the Emperor _ pleased I am with it.A. how B. what C. who D. whom11. I wonder _ he asked such a silly question in public.6A. how B. what C. that D. why12. _
30、do you think will teach us maths next term?A. Whom B. Who C. What D. That13. I will give this dictionary to _ wants to have it.A. whomever B. whoever C. whom D. whatever14. Do _ you think is right _ difficulties you may have.A. what/however B. that/what C. whatever/whoever D. what/whatever（四）同位语从句在主
31、从复合句中用充当同位语、说明所修饰的同位名词的内容的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句通常用在 idea，news，fact，thought, promise，suggestion，belief, truth, reason, chance, information, conclusion, possibility, question, doubt, wonder，reply, order 等同位名词的后面，说明该名词所表示的具体内容。引导同位语从句的连接词常有：连词 that，连接副词 how， when，where 等.。The news that our team had won the m
32、atch spread the whole country. 有时如果主句的谓语动词较短，为保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，同位语从句也常与要说明的分词分开。Word came that he died yesterday. 同位语从句：应注意问题同位语从句的引导词:1. 表示陈述意义时通常用 that,注意 that _。 （可以省略/ 不可以省略） 2. 当名词 doubt 用在否定句中时，其后的同位语从句应用_引导；而在肯定句或疑问句中时则可以用其他词来引导。I never have the doubt that you can look after yourself. Some peopl
33、e have the doubt how such a little boy can lift so heavy a box. 3. 连接词 whether 和 if 的选用表示“是否”的意思时只能用_，不能用_。例如：The question whether he can finish the work within two days remains unknown. 4. 表示疑问时也可用其他引导词。例如：This student asked a good question why pollution cant be stopped. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：判断从句1. I got
34、the news that our team won the game. 2. The news that you heard is not true. 3. Do you have any idea when the meeting will be held? 4. I dont know the exact time when the meeting will be held.5. The problem that you told me doesnt exist at all.6. Many teachers hold the view that teenagers should not
35、 spend too much time online.7. He made an excuse that his car broke down on the way.7实战演练1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A. that B. what C. why D. which 2.I have no idea _ he will start. A. when B. that C. what D./ 3.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont
36、 be held tomorrow. A. if B. that C. whether D. which 5.He often asked me the question _ the work was worth doing. A. whether B. where C. that D. when 6.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as 6.She heard a terr
37、ible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that 7.The fact_ he failed in the exam is not the one_ he told me.A. which; that B. that;/ C. which; which D./; that8.It remains a question _ we can get so much money in such a short time.A. how B. that C. when D. what9. His sug
38、gestion _to see the art exhibition interested every one of us.A. that we go B. which we should goC. that we would go D. which we should go10. There is no doubt _ he will pass the exam.A. when B. whether C. if D. that语法巩固练习一、用适当的连接词填空。1. What the doctors really doubt is _ my mother will recover from
39、the serious disease soon.2. Scientists and engineers are often judged by _ great their achievements are. 3. When asked _ they needed most, the kids said they wanted to feel important and loved. 4.Jane is no longer _ she was four years ago. 5. My anger is_ you havent finished your homework. 6. -I pre
40、fer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.-Thats _ I dont agree. You should have a more active life. 7. The reason why his mother was angry was _ he lied to her. 8. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why） 9. There are many books. Can you tell me _
41、book you like best. (which, what) 10. Do you know _ shirt it is? (whose, what) 11. I believe _ takes part in the competition will try his best. (who, whoever) 12. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom） 13. All the food here is delicious. Just order _ you like. (what, whateve
42、r) 14. Can you tell me _ youd like to order? (what, whatever) 二、翻译句子1.这就是他出生被抚养的地方。82.他非常开心，他偶然发现的这个网站非常有用。3. Tom 非常自豪于他所获得的东西，相反地，Jack 对他自己所拥有的东西非常不满。4. 问题是我们如何帮助这些吸烟者戒掉吸烟的习惯。5. 他身体不好的原因是由于他缺乏锻炼和饮食不均衡。6. 我们要设法做些能让父母满意的事。7. 假如你想将来成功，你所需要的是努力而不是运气。8. 众所周知，朗朗在音乐上很有天赋。9. 你刚才看见的那个校友是个有钱人，他住在市区。10. 这里风景优美，气候宜人。这就是为什么我要在这里定居的原因。11. 加拿大的首相要来中国访问，这个消息让我们很高兴。
