1、1中考要求内容 基本要求代词 一、 人称代词和物主代词的用法；二、 反身代词的人称和数的变化；三、 指示代词及其单复数；四、 正确运用关系代词和疑问代词简单不定代词的用法讲解五、 复合不定代词的用法讲解六、 相互代词的用法讲解七、 代词it 的用法讲解知识讲解一、 人称代词1. 人称代词的人称、数和格，如下表所示2.人称代词有主格和宾格之分。通常主格作主语，宾格作宾语。如I like table tennis. （作主语）词法：代词2Do you know him?（作宾语）3.人称代词还可作表语。作表语时用宾格。如：-Who is knocking at the door?-Its me.4
2、. 人称代词在than 之后与其他人或事物进行比较时，用主格和宾格都可以。如：He is older than me.He is older than I am.5. 人称代词的顺序；几个人称代词并列做主语时，它们的顺序是单数形式（二三一） you，he and I复数形式（一二三） we ,you and they但是当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反，I 在最前， you 在最后。口诀：单数二三一，复数一二三，受到批评我在前，承认错误你在后。例如：You, he and I are all the winners.I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should
3、do more for the project.二、物主代词1.表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词，如下表所示。2. 形容词性物主代词的作用相当于形容词，可在句中作定语。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3. 名词性物主代词常用来避免和前面已提及的名词重复，其作用相当于名词并=“形容词性物主代词+名词”，在句中可用作主语、宾语和表语。Our school is here, and theirs is there.（作主语）- Is this English-book your
4、s? （作表语）- No. Mine is in my bag.3Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours? （作宾语）4. 名词性物主代词可以用在of 后做定语，相当于“of+ 名词所有格”表示带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。e.g.: He is a friend of mine. 他是我的一位朋友。真题回放1. His MP3 is the same as , but it is more expensive.A. him B. mine C. my2. Is there any difference betwee
5、n your idea and _ ?A. he B. his C. she 3. -Is this the Greens house?-No, _ is over there.A. His B. Their C. Their 4. -Is this kite _ , Tom?-Yes, its mine. Its made by _ .A. yours, myself B. mine, myself C. ours, himself5. -Are the keys over there _ ?-No, Go and ask Anna. They may belong to her.A. yo
6、u B. your C. yours 6. What a nice MP5! Whose is it?Its _ . My father bought it for me.A. me B. him C. mine7. Lucys skirt is black. What about ?Mine is white.A. you B. your C. yours8. Bob! Is this your dictionary?No, it isnt. Ask Sally. She is looking for_.A. his B. hers C. mine 9. Is Miss White _ En
7、glish teacher, Maria? No, she teaches _ geography.A. your; my B. you; mine C. your; us10. Who is the best friend of _ at school? I think Helen is. We often help each other. A. mine B. his C. yours 三、反身代词英语中用来表示“我自己“ ，“你自己“，“他自己“ ，“我们自己“ ，“你们自己“ 等意义的代词称为反身代词，也有人称之为自身代名词，其形式如表所示:4人称 单数 复数第一人称 myself o
8、urselves第二人称 yourself yourselves第三人称 himself herself itself themselves反身代词可以在句中作宾语，表语，同位语。1. 作宾语，表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者，主语和宾语指同一个人或一些人。He called himself a writerWould you please express yourself in English?2. 作表语。It doesnt matterIll be myself soonThe girl in the news is myself3. 作主语或宾语的同位语，表示亲自或本人。I mysel
9、f washed the clothes（=I washed the clothes myself.）（作主语同位语）You should ask the teacher himself（作宾语同位语）4. 在一句话之中第二次出现的代词。He knows himself well.5.反身代词常用的短语teach oneself 自学 learn by oneself 自学enjoy oneself=have a good time =have fun 玩的高兴help oneself to 随便吃 come to oneself 苏醒真题回放1. How was the evening pa
10、rty yesterday? We enjoyed _ very much.A. us B. ourselves C. its D. itself 2. His name is James but he calls _ Jim. A. his B. himself C. him D. /3. -Betty, help _ to some soup.-Thanks a lot.A. you B. your C. yourself D. yours4. -Help _ to some fish, my boy.-Thanks.A. you B. yours C. yourself5. Colleg
11、e students are old enough to teach _.A. them B. their C. themselves D. they5四 指示代词指示代词：表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表:这,这个 那，那个 这些 那些this that these those1. this 和these 一般用来指在时间或空间上较近的事物或人，that 和those则指时间和空间上较远的事物或人。例如：This is a pen and that is a pencilWe are busy these daysIn those days the workers had a
12、hard time2. 有时that 和 those 指前面讲到过的事物，this 和these 则是指下面将要讲到的事物。例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this : pronunciation is very important in learning English3 有时为了避免重复提到的名词，常可用that 或those 代替。例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai4. this
13、 在电话用语中代表自己，that 则代表对方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?真题回放1. The machines made in China are cheaper than _ made in Japan. A. ones B. that C. those D. it 2. -Look! Whats _ in the sky?-It looks like a kite.A. this B. that C. those3. Have you found your lost mobile phone? No, I havent fo
14、und _, but I bought _ this morning. A. one; that B. that; one C. it; one D. one; it五、疑问代词疑问代词有who，whom，whose，what 和which 等。疑问代词用于特殊疑问句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作为某一句子成分。例如：疑问词 意思 用法when 什么时间 问时间what time 什么时间 问具体时间，如几点钟6who 谁 问人whose 谁的 问主人where 在哪里 问地点which 哪一个 问选择why 为什么 问原因what 什么 问东西、事物what color 什么颜色 问颜色w
15、hat about 怎么样 问意见what day 星期几 问星期几what date 什么日期 问日期how 怎么样 问情况how old 多大年纪 问年龄how many 多少数量（可数名词） 问数量how much 多少钱，多少数量（不可数名词）问多少钱或数量（不可数）how about 怎么样 问意见how often 多久 问频率how long 多长时间 问时间长度how far 多远 问多远；多长距离真题回放_ did you buy for your mom for Mothers Day?Some flowers.A. How B. Where C. What It is 1
16、0-minute walk from you home to school.(对划线部分提问)_.Its Monday._.Its September 8th, 2015._.六、关系代词连接代词：用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有：what, which, who, whom whose, that；它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语 ,定语。在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。例如：7I hate people who talk much but do little.Im looking at the photograph which you sen
17、t me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?I know what he said at the meeting.The problem is who will mend it.Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?真题回放1. We should give love to the child
18、ren _ lost their parents in the earthquake (地震). A. who B. whom C. those D. which 2. The skirt _ is made of silk is very expensive. I cant afford it. A. what B. / C. that D. it 七、不定代词 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词，在句中可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。不定代词没有确定的对象， 常用的有：all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little,
19、 few, many, much, other, another, some any, no 以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。注意：不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语，而none 及含有some, any, every的合成代词不能做定语，no 和every 只能做定语。many, few, a few 修饰可数名词，much, little, a little 修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each 用于指两者，all, any, none, every, another 用于指三者或三者以上。两者 三者都 both（2/2
20、） all(3/3)都不 neither(0/2) none(0/3)或者（任一个） either(1/2) any(1/3)每一个 each（2） every（3）注意：both之后加名词的复数形式 +谓语动词原形。all 既可以加名词的复数形式，也可以加不可数名词，谓语动词的单复数由名词决定。neither / none of +名词的复数形式 +谓语动词三单。neithernor或either or用就近原则。现将几个常用的不定代词举例说明如下：1. some 与any 的区别1）some 多用于肯定句，表示“一些，几个” 作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。
21、例如：8Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2）any 多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容词时，后面可以接不可数名词+单数动词；可数名词+复数动词。例如：If you have any questions, please ask me.There isnt any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea?3）any 和some 也可以作代词用，表示“ 一些”。any 多用于疑问句 ,
22、否定句和条件句中，some 多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see any.If you have no money, Ill lend you some.2. few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的区别（1）用作形容词用法 含义 表示肯定 表示否定用于可数名词 a few 虽少，但有几个 few 不多，几乎没有用于不可数名词 a little 虽少，但有一点 little 不多，没有什么Im going to buy a few apples.He can speak only
23、a little Chinese.There is only a little milk in the glass He has few friends.They had little money with them.2）a little 和little 也可以用作副词， a little 表示“ 有点，稍微”，little 表示“很少”。Im a little /a bit hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词 sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)She slept
24、very little last night.not a little =very much not a bit =notat all (程度好的)3. other, the other, another, others, the others 的区别代名词 形容词用法单数 复数 单数 复数不定 another另一个others别人，其他人another (boy)另一个（男孩）other (boys)其他（男孩）特定 the other the others the other (boy) the other (boys)9另一个 其余那些人、物 另一个( 男孩) 其余那些(男孩)1） ot
25、her 可以作形容词用，后面可以跟单数或复数名词，意思是“其他的、别的”。Where are his other books?I havent any other books except this one.2）other 也可以用作代词，与冠词the 连用构成“the other”，表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one 搭配构成“one ., the other .”句型。He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler in one hand and an exerc
26、ise book in the other.3）other 作代词时，可以有复数“others” ，泛指“另外的人或物”。常与some 搭配构成“some , others .”句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.4）“the others”表示特指某范围内的 “其他的人或物”。We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.In our
27、class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5）another 可以作形容词用，修饰后面的名词，意为“另一个 ”，还可以跟代词one.You can see another ship in the sea, cant you?Mary doesnt want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6）another 也可以作代词用“另一个” ，表追加。Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me a
28、nother.可以运用图表法4. every 与each 的区别。each every1)可单独使用 1)不可单独使用2)可做代名词、形容词 2)仅作形容词3)着重“ 个别” 3)着重“ 全体”，毫无例外4)用于两者或两者以上中的每一个人或物 4）用于三者或三者以上的每一个人或物each of every one ofThe teacher gave a toy to each child.Each has a different color.当我们说each child, each student 或each teacher 时，我们想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child 和
29、 every student 时，我们想到的是全体的情况，every 的意思与all 接近，表示他们都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.5. all 和 both 的用法。1）all 指三者以上，或不可数的东西。谓语动词既可以用单数，也可以用作复数。在句中作主语、表10语、宾语、同位语和定语。All of us like Mr. Pope. 我们都喜欢P
30、ope 先生。（作主语）= We all like Mr. Pope. ( 作同位语)All the water has been used up. (作主语)Thats all for today. (作表语)Why not eat all (of) the fish? (作宾语)All the leaders are here. (作定语)2）both 作代词。与其他名词或代词并列出现，表示“两个都”。Lucy and Lily both agree with us.They both passed on their sticks at the same time.How are your
31、 parents? Theyre both fine.与“of +代词（或名词） ”连用，表示“两者都”。Both of them came to see Mary.Both of the books are very interesting.单独使用，表示“两者（都）”。Michael has two sons. Both are clever.I dont know which book is better, I shall read both.3）both 用作形容词，放在名词之前，修饰该名词，表示“两者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classm
32、ates.There are tall trees on both sides of the street.6. many 与much 的用法Many 修饰可数名词复数，还可以与表示程度的副词so, too , as, how ,连用。Much 修饰不可数名词，也可以与表示程度的副词so, too , as, how ,连用。There are too many mistakes in your exercises.He never eats so much breakfast.He has got too much work to do.7.复合不定代词复合不定代词是由some-，any-，
33、no-，every- 加上-one，-body，-thing 等所组成的不定代词。复合不定代词包括something（某事物）, somebody（某人）,someone（某人）, anything（任何事物）, anybody（任何人）, anyone（任何人）, nothing（没事物）, nobody（没人）, no one（没人）, everything（一切事物）, everybody（每个人）, everyone （每个人） 等十二个。这些复合代词具有名词性质，在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语，但不能用作定语。复合不定代词的指代对象（1）含-body 和-one 的复合代词只用来指人，
34、含 -body 的复合不定代词与含-one 的复合不定代词在功能和意义上完全相同，可以互换。只是用-body 时显得较通俗些，多用于口语中，用-one 时显得较文雅些，更常见于正式场合及书面语中。如：11Someone/Somebody is crying in the next room.有人在隔壁房间哭。No one/Nobody is stupid. 没有谁是愚蠢的。（2）含-thing 的复合不定代词只用来指事物。如：Are you going to buy anything? 你会去买东西吗？I can hear nothing but your voice. 我只听到了你的声音。复
35、合不定代词的属格（1）含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词可有 -s 属格形式。如：Everybodys business is nobodys business.大家的事情没人管。Is this anybodys seat? 这儿有人坐吗？（2）含-one 和-body 等指人的复合代词后跟 else 时，-s 属格应加在else之后。如：Can you remember someone elses name? 你还记得其他人的姓名吗？（3）含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词没有-s 属格形式。复合不定代词的数（1）复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，因此通常被看成是单数第三人称。当它们
36、充当句子的主语时，其后的谓语动词用单数形式。如：Is everyone here today? 今天，大家都到齐了吗？Nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。（2）当要对一群人讲话时，可使用以复合不定代词作主语的祈使句，句中的动词用原形。如：Nobody move！ = Don t anybody move！ 都别动！程度好的Everyone lie down! 统统趴下！复合不定代词的替代问题由于复合不定代词都具有单数的含义，所以在正规的英语中用来替代它们的代词也应该是单数形式。（1）含-one 和-bo
37、dy 等指人的复合代词，其代词应该是he/she, him/her, 其-s 属格形式的代词应该是his/her, his/hers 。如：Everyone has his/her own words. 每个人都有他（她）自己的说辞。但是，这样一来就会因为性别的差异而使得在代词的运用上具有不确定性，所以为了避免这种别扭的情况，我们一般都是用they/them/their/theirs,尤其是在口语中以及非正式场合下。如：No one gave you a ticket, did they? 没人给你票，是吗？Someone came in, but I didnt know who they
38、were. 有人进来了，但我不知道是谁。（2）含-thing 等指事物的复合不定代词，不会因性别上的差异而使得在代词的运用上产生不确定性，因此我们就使用it。如：Something goes wrong, doesnt it?出问题了，是吗？复合不定代词的定语12复合不定代词的定语必须后置，即放在复合不定代词的后面。如：Can you tell me something interesting? 你能讲些有趣的事情吗？Is there anybody important here? 这儿有大人物吗？Would you like something to eat? 要来些吃的东西吗？含some-
39、和any-的复合不定代词间的用法区别：由some-和any-所构成的复合不定代词（即something 和anything；someone 和anyone ；somebody 和anybody）之间的区别跟some 和any 的区别一样。（1）something，someone ， somebody 通常用于肯定句中，而anything，anyone，anybody 一般用于否定句，疑问句或条件状语从句中。如：He found something strange but interesting.他发现了一些奇怪但却有趣的事情。Do you have anything to say ？你有话要说
40、吗？I cant meet anybody on the island. 在岛上，我没遇见任何人。（2）在表示请求、邀请、提建议等带有委婉语气的疑问句，和希望得到对方肯定答复的疑问句，以及表示反问的问句中，也用something，someone，somebody 等复合不定代词。如:Would you like something to eat？要些吃的东西吗？Isnt there something wrong with you? 难道你没问题吗？（3）当anything 表示“任何事（物），无论何事（物）”，anyone，anybody 表示“无论谁，任何人”等意义时，它们也可以用于肯定句
41、中。如：Anything is OK. 什么都行。Anybody knows the answer.任何人都知道答案。复合不定代词的否定（1）“not every-”表示的是部分否定，意为“并非都，不都”。例如Not everything will go well. 并非一切都会那么顺利。The teacher didnt call everyones name. 老师并没有点所有人的名。（2）“not any-”和no-均表示全否定。例如：He listened, but heard nothing.他听了听，但什么也没听到。= He listened, but didnt hear any
42、thing.You havent called anyone/anybody up, have you? 你没给谁打过电话，是吗？= You have called no one/nobody up, have you?复合不定代词作名词复合不定代词可以充当名词用，表示“的事情（东西或人）”。（1）someone/somebody, anyone/anybody 的意义是“重要人物，大人物” ，everyone/everybody 意为“最重要的人”，no one/nobody 则意指“无关紧要的人，小人物 ”。 （2）something，anything 的意义是“重要事情（东西）”，eve
43、rything 表示“最重要的事情（东西）”，nothing 则指“毫无趣味的事情，无关紧要的东西”。13合与分的区别问题（1）someone， anyone，everyone 都只能指人，且不和介词of 连用；some one，any one，every one 则既可指人又可指物，可与介词of 连用。例如：Anyone should be polite to every one of them.任何人都要礼貌对待他们中的每一个人。-Which toy would you like? -Any one is OK. -你要那个玩具？ -随便。（2）no one（=nobody）“ 没有人”
44、，只用来指人，通常不和介词 of 连用；none“ 没有一个”，既可以用来指人也可用来指物。例如：No one can do it better. 没有人能做得更好。None of these questions is easy, and none of us can even answer any one of them.这些问题没有一个是容易的，我们中没有一个人能答出其中的一题。回答who 引导的特殊疑问句时用 no one；回答how many 引导的特殊疑问句时用none。例如：-Who was late ? -No one. -谁迟到了？-谁也没有迟到。-How many pigs
45、do you keep? -None. -你养几头猪？-一头也没养.与some, any 结合的词如 something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody 在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法，大致和some, any 的用法相同。八、相互代词用于表示相互关系的代词叫做相互代词。常用的有：each other, one another，两者没有很大的区别，一般可以互换. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。相互代词后可以加s,表示所有关系，做定语。例如：We should learn from each other / one another
46、. （作宾语）Do you often write to each other / one another? （作宾语）We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定语）The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework.（作定语）重难点难点一、人称代词与物主代词的用法1. Your friend is from England, but _ is from America.A. my B. her C. his D. our2. I
47、 cant find my ruler. Can you lend me _?Sorry, Im using it myself.A. you B. your C. yours D. yourself3. Deborah always helps my brother and _ with _ English.14A. I; our B. me; ourselves C. I; my D. me; our4. The two little pandas are crying. _ cannot find_ mother.A. She; her B. They; them C. They; their D. They; her难点二、反身代词的用法1. My brother has taught _ English since 2001.A. oneself B. Itself C. himself D. herself答案：C。这句话的意思是：自 2001 年以来，我哥哥就开始自学英语。该题测试反身代词的用法，用固定搭配法。teach oneself 是个固定词组，意思是“自学”。因主语My brother 是第三人称单数，且属男性，所以应选himself。
