1、状语从句一、状语从句分类及常用连词： 类别 连 词 时间状语从句 when, whenever, while, as, before, after, since, till, once, as soon as, etc. 地点状语从句 where, wherever 原因状语从句 because, since, as, for, now that, etc. 目的状语从句 in order that, so that, that, etc. 结果状语从句 sothat, so that, suchthat, that, etc. 条件状语从句 if, unless, as(so)long as
2、, etc. 让步状语从句 though, although, even if, even though, however, whatever, as, etc. 比较状语从句 asas, soas, than, etc. 方式状语从句 as, as if, as though, etc. 二、相似连词的用法区别1.when, while, as, while 表时间，从句需用延续性动词，切不可用瞬间动词。when 表时间，从句既可以用延续性动词，又可以用瞬间动词。as 表时间，与 when相似，但侧重强调主从句动作同点或同段进行。when, while 后可以接分词短语。2.because,
3、 as, since, for语气 位置 意义 because 最强 前或后 “原因”；表客观因果关系；回答“why” as 较强 前 “由于”；把众人所知的事实当作理由 since 较弱 前 “既然”；就对方陈述的事实作为理由 for 最弱 后 “理由”；对某一事实进行推断的理由 注：上面所说的“前”，指从句在主句之前；“后”，指从句在主句之后。3.so that, sothat, suchthatso that “以便”、“结果”表目的和结果。注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的。无情态动词表结果。sothat “如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于：1.so+形副that 2.so+形a(an)
4、单数名词that 3.somany/much复数名词（不可数名词）+thatsuchthat “如此的以致于”表结果。该结构常见于：1.sucha(an)形名词that 2.such形复数名词不可数名词that 4.though, although, as, though, although 在句首表“尽管”两者都可以用。但句后不能再用 but。下列情况只能用 though： as though (=as if); even if (=even though) 在句末表示“然而”as 表示“尽管”，从句的表语、状语等成分要倒装。5.whatever, however, wherever, wh
5、enever它们是 what, how, where, when的强势语气。分别等于：no matter what, no matter how no matter where, no matter when1. 时间状语从句：1) 由 as, while引导时，表示主句和从句的动作同时发生，或一个动作在另一个动作或状态的过程中；2) 由 after, when引导时，表示主句动作在从句动作之后；例： Michael used to look hurt and surprised when _.A) scolding B) to scold C) having scolded D) scold
6、ed本题从句主语与主句主语一致，这种情况下，状语从句的主语常常省略，这是要注意状语从句中的谓语动词应用现在分词还是过去分词。全句的意思是：“麦克尔过去受到责难时，看起来又伤心又惊讶”。麦克尔是“被责难”，因而应该用过去分词，所以答案是 D。3) 由 before, when引导时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作之前；例：I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices.A) as B) when C) after D) whole本题前半部分的意思是：“我刚动身回屋换衣服”，后半部分的意思是：“我
7、听到有人说话”。前半部分用过去完成式，后半部分用一般过去时。前半部分的动作发生在后半部分之前。为表达这一情景，前半部分作主句，主句中一般用just，hardly，后半部分作从句，用连接词 when引出。答案是 B。when从句可能表示多种意义，这里它表示一种原来没有预料到的新情况出现。又是这一新情况打断了主句表示的正在进行的活动，或制止了即将发生的情况。在这种情况下，主句常用进行式、完成式或“be about +inf.“之类。我们来看下面的例题：例：I felt somewhat disappointed and was about to leave _ something occurred
8、 which attracted my attention.A) unless B) until C) when D) while全句的意思是：“我感到有些失望，正要离开时，发生了一件事，吸引了我的注意力”。前半部分的事正要或正在进行时，另一事突然发生，这是应该用连接词when，一般放在主句之后。这时，when 的意思相当于 at which time，and then，常译为“这时、刚就”。所以，答案是 C。因为句中 be about to do 的意思是“即将、正要”。所以 unless和全句意思不合。选项 B)的连接词 until可表示主句的动作在从句动作发生时就停下来了，这显然和全句意
9、思不符。选项 D)的连接词 while相当于 during the time that，表示主句的动作是在从句动作的期间发生。这和本句的意思也不合。4) 由 whenever, every / each time引导时，表示主句动作以从句动作为条件而发生；例：We can leave when you are ready. 你什么时候准备好，我们就可以动身了。 动身这个动作是在这个人准备好了之后发生的。5) 由 as soon as引导时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作的一瞬间之后（注意：the moment，the instant，the second，the minute 都可做连词用，引导定
10、语从句，意思是 as soon as。）；例：I decided to go to the library as soon as I _.A) finish what I did B) finished what I didC) would finish what I was doing D) finished what I was doing结合四个选项来看，全句的意思是：“我决定一做完手头的工作就去图书馆”。本题首先要判断的是 as soon as（一就）引出的时间状语从句中谓语动词的时态。从句中的动作“做完手头的工作”是预计将要发生的动作，而主句的谓语动词用的是过去时（decided）。
11、在这种场合，从句中通常用一般过去时，而不用过去将来时。所以选项 A和 C不可能是答案。此外，“完成手头的工作”指“完成正在做的工作”，do要用进行式。因此选项 D才是答案。例：You see the lightning _ it happens, but you hear the thunder later.A) the instant B) for an instant C) on the instant D) in an instant本题考核对连接词的掌握。从句子结构看，it happens 是从句，空格中应该填入一个连接词。从四个选项看，只有 A) the instant可以做连接词。
12、the instant（that）相当于 as soon as，可起连接作用，引导时间状语从句。这样，全句的意思是“闪电一发生你就看到闪光，但过一会儿你才听到雷声。”其他三个选项在句子中可以做状语，但不起连接作用。6) 由 just/ hardlywhen, no sooner than引导时，表示主句动作发生在从句动作一瞬间之前。例：I had just started back for the house to change my clothes _ I heard voices.A) as B) when C) after D) while本题前半部分用过去完成时，后半部分用一般过去时，
13、说明前半部分的动作发生在后半部分的动作之前。全句的意思应该是“我刚动身回屋换衣服，就听到有人说话”。为表达这一情景，前半部分做主句，主句中一般用 just或 hardly，后半部分做从句，用连接词 when引导，形成 just/ hardlywhen的固定搭配。所以答案是 B) when。选项 A) as引出从句时，表示主句动作是在 As从句动作的行为过程中发生的。选项 D)连接词 while引导的主从复合句叙述两件事情在同时发生。如果选择 C) after，则主从句的动作发生的顺序正好反过来，这样就与题目里的时态不符合了。所以这个三个选项都是错误的。注意：表示将来动作或事情的时间状语从句中，
14、动词要用现在时态代替将来时； hardlywhen, no sooner than中的 hardly和 no sooner若位于句首，则其后句子用部分倒装句。例：No sooner had we reached the top of the hill _ we all sat down to rest.A) when B) then C) than D) untilNo soonerthan是一个复合连接词，意思是“一就”。因此，答案是 C) than。全句意思式：“我们一到山顶，大家就都坐下来休息”。注意，no sooner 置于句首时，要用倒装词序。2. 原因状语从句：由 because,
15、 as, since或复合连接词 now that，in that 等引导。（注意：for是连词，虽然也可以表示“因为“，但其后所接的是并列句中的一个独立句，而非从句。）例：_ that my head had cleared, my brain was also beginning to work much better.A) For B) Now C) Since D) Despite本题前半部分的意思是：“我头部的症状已经消失”，后半部分的意思是：“脑子也开始变得灵活的多”。这两个部分无论是语法结构或意思都是完整的。因此，空格内应填入连接词。答案是 B. now that是复合连接词，意
16、为：“既然、由于”。其它选项都不能和 that一起构成复合连词，因此都不是答案。例：These two areas are similar _ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A) to that B) besides that C) in that D) except that空格前说：“这两个地区很相似”，空格后是：“它们在这个季节都有很大的降雨量”。从逻辑关系来看，后面部分是说明这两个地区为什么相似，所以答案是 C) in that，意思是：“因为“。3. 地点状语从句由 where, wherever引导。例：Alth
17、ough he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded _ other more well-informed experimenters failed.A) which B) that C) what D) where虽然对这一领域内的许多工作他知道的很少，但是，在比他知道的更多的实验者失败的地方，他却获得了成功。答案是 D)。例：I have kept that portrait _ I can see it every day, as it always reminds me of
18、 my university days in London.A) which B) where C) whether D) when全句的意思是：“我把那副画像摆在每天能看得见的地方，因为他总是让我想起在伦敦上大学的那些日子”。空格中的连接词引出的应是地点状语从句，因此答案是 B) where。where 引出的状语从句表示画像放置的位置。选项 A) which引出定语从句，which在从句中代表名词 portrait。可是，从句中已经有代词 it代替该名词，因此which不是答案。选项 C) whether的意思是：“是否、不管是还是”，这和全句意思不合。选项 D) when的意思是“当的时
19、候”，这也和全句意思不合。4. 条件状语从句由 if, as (so) long as和 unless引导。条件状语从句分为两大类：真实条件句和虚拟条件句。当从句所表达的条件是有可能实现的、有可能是真实的条件时，用真实条件句；如果从句所表达的条件是不可能实现的、与客观事实完全相反的条件或假设时，用虚拟条件句。真实条件句在使用中也有需要注意的事项：从句中的动词应该用一般现在时代替一般将来时；用现在完成时代替将来完成时。例：You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting _ you dont mind taking the night train
20、.A) provided B) unless C) though D) until全句的意思应该是：“如果你不介意坐夜车的话，你可以早一点到北京去参加那次会议。”因此，空格处缺少一个表示“如果”并且能引导条件状语从句的连接词。在 4个选项中，A) Provided 做连词，表示规定的条件，意思是“如果”；B) unless表示“除非”；C) though 表示“尽管”；D) until 表示“直到”。所以答案是 A) provided。例：Excuse me. If your calls not too urgent, do you mind _ mine first?A) I make B)
21、 if I make C) me to make D) that I make对不起，如果你的电话不太要紧，我就先打好吗？答案是 B。例：1999 年 1月四级第 62题Well visit Europe next year _ we have enough money.A) lest B) until C) unless D) provided如果我们有足够的钱，明年我们将访问欧洲。答案是 D。 5. 目的状语从句由 so that, in order that, in case等引导。注意：这类从句中常常用情态动词 may/ might, can/ could, should等，以保证语气
22、通顺自然。例：I was advised to arrange for insurance _ I needed medical treatment.A) nevertheless B) although C) in case D) so that本题前半部分的意思是“有人劝我投保”，后半部分的意思是“我需要治病”，将两个部分连起来判断，全句的意思应该是“有人劝我投保，以防需要治病”。答案是 C。6. 结果状语从句由 so that, sothat, suchthat等引导。注意：sothat 与 suchthat的区别在于：前者的省略号处是形容词或副词，而后者的省略号处最终是一个名词。“最终
23、”的意思是，该名词前也可以出现形容词甚至出现修饰形容词的副词，但整个词组的中心词是这个名词。7. 让步状语从句由 though, although, even if, even though, however, no matter how/ what/ who等引导。注意对让步状语从句的掌握要注意以下几点内容。1) 使用 though, although时，务必避免与 but连用。2) even if, even though和 as if, as though不同。后者常常要求使用虚拟语气。例：Ive already told you that Im going to buy it, _.A
24、) however much it costs B) however does it costs muchC) how much does it cost D) no matter how it costs全句的意思是：“已经告诉过你了，不管花多少钱，我都打算买它”。空格应填上正常语序的让步状语从句，所以答案应该是 A。B 和 C都是倒装，所以不对；D) no matter how应后接形容词或副词，所以 D也不对。例：_ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all var
25、iables and modeled them accurately.A) Even if B) As far as C) If only D) So long as即便计算是正确的，科学家们也无法肯定他们已经把所有的变量都包括进去并精确地模拟了它们。答案是 A)。8. 比较状语从句由 than, thethe, asas引导。例：They usually have less money at the end of the month than _ at the beginning.A) which is B) which was C) they have D) it is全句意思是：“通常到
26、了月底，他们的钱就比月初少了”。than 后面引出一个比较状语从句作为比较的对象。比较的两分结构相同，只是后者略有所省略，than 后面完整的句子应是：“than they have (money) at the beginning (of the month)“。题中省去了括号内的词。所以 C) they have是答案。比较状语从句中，than 后可以直接跟谓语动词。这类从句一般用来表示程度或范围。例：In the course of a day, students do far more than just _ classes.A) attend B) attended C) to at
27、tend D) attending本题中，than 后面引出的比较状语从句，其结构应与前面的主句相符，所以答案是 A) attend。全句的意思“在一天了，学生所做得远不止听课”。Do more than 后面通常接不带 to的不定式。9. 方式状语从句由 in the same way, as等引导。例：Careful surveys have indicated that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs _ directed.A) like B) so C) which D) asas引导的方式状语从句中，常常会省略一
28、部分。句中“take drugs as directed“相当于“take drugs as they are directed“。答案是 D。全句的意思是：“周密的调查已经表明：多达百分之五十的病人没有按照医嘱服药”。例：Melted iron is poured into the mixer much _ tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.A) in the same way like B) in the same way which C) in the same way D) in the same way as融化的铁水倒进混合物中，很象是把
29、茶壶里的水倒进茶杯。答案是 C)。同步试题1 We were heatedly arguing about the financial matter, _ the telephone rang unexpectedly.A. while B. as C. when D. as soon as2 The reason I plan to go is _ she will be disappointed if I dont.A. that B. because C. because of D. in that3 They decided to chase the cow away _ it did
30、 more damage.A. unless B. until C. before D. although4 Air cannot be an element _ an element cannot be separated.A. in that B. except that C. but that D. now that5 It was not until he got a map _ he started on his way.A. and B that C. which D so that6 Please remind me of it again tomorrow _ I forget
31、.A. in case of B. in the case of C. in no case D. in case 7 _ after the Second World War that test pilots first attempted to break the “sound barrier“.A. It was shortly B. was shortly C. There was shortly D. Shortly8 No sooner had the robber entered the bank _ he was caught.A. then B. than C. so D.
32、thus标准答案 1 C 2 A 3 C 4 A 5 B 6 D 7 A 1. Give me your telephone number _ I need your help.A. whether B. unless C. so that D. in case2. _ we have all the materials ready, we should begin the new task at once.A. Since that B. Since now C. By now D. Now that3. _ they will not come to join us, we have to
33、 change our plan.A. For B. Seeing that C. When D. As soon as4. The people at the party were worried about Janet because no one was aware _ she had gone.A. about where B. of where C. of the place where D. about the place where5. _we have begun talking about it, I had better tell you the truth.A. Now
34、that B. For now C. Since that D. since this6. _ I do my work, the boss doesnt mind what time I arrive at my office. A so far as B so long as C so long D so far 7. He talks _ he knew everything about it. A as if B even if C if D if only 8. You can fly to New York this afternoon _ you dont mind changi
35、ng planes in San Francisco.A. provided B. so far as C. except D. unless1 D 2 D 3 B 4 B 5 A 6 B 7 A 8 A1. The Social Security Retirement Program is made up of two trust funds , _ should go penniless by next year.A. the larger one B. the larger of whichC. the largest one D. the largest of which2. The
36、chief reason for the population growth isnt so much a rise in birth rates _ a fall in death rates as a result of improvement in medical care.A. and B. as C. but D. or3. There are over 100 night schools in this city, making it possible for a professional to be re-educated no matter _ he does.A. how B
37、. where C. what D. when4. He is dead, _ I am alive.A. because B. therefore C. provided D. just as5. _ he is not brilliant, John is at least competent and hard-working.A. As though B. Now that C. If only D. Granted that6. This research project had more significance for them than _.A. ours B. for ours
38、 it had C. with us D. it did for us7. Id just as soon _ rudely to her in the future.A. that you wont speak B. you not speakC. you hadnt spoken D. you didnt speak8. The problem is that, _ children who are given cows milk from birth benefit greatly from it, those who have never drunk it by a certain a
39、ge are not able to tolerate it.A. because B. provided C. whereas D. though 1 B 2 B 3 C 4 D 5 A 6 D 7 D 8 C状语从句基础知识定义：在复合句中由从句表示的状语称作状语从句，它可以用来修饰谓语（包括非谓语动词） 、定语或状语，或是整个句子。状语从句通常由一个连词引起，也可以由一个起连词作用的词组引起，有时甚至不需要连词直接和主句连接起来。状语从句一般分为九大类（见下表）：类 别状语从句时间状语从句地点状语从句原因状语从句目的状语从句结果状语从句条件状语从句方式状语从句比较状语从句让步状语从句1时
40、间状语从句：在时间状语从句中，要注意时态一致，一般情况下主句是将来时的时候，从句要用一般现在时。可以引导时间状语从句的连词很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，又可分类如下：(1) 表示同时性，即主从句的谓语动作同时发生或几乎同时发生。其连词有：when （当的时候）, while（当的时候）, as（当的时候）, as soon as（一就）, once（一旦）等。如：Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。While I am washing the floor, you can be cleaning the windows.（while 含有对比的意思）我洗
41、地板的时候，你可以擦窗户。As / When I came home, I met an old schoolmate of mine.我回家的时候遇到了我的一位老同学。Ill ring you up as soon as I get an answer from him.我一有他的答复就给你打电话。Once you see him, you will never forget him. 你一旦见过他，就不会忘了他的。(2) 表示先时或后时，即主句的谓语动作发生在从句之前或之后，主要连词有：after（在 之后）, before（在之前）, when(=after)等。如：After / Wh
42、en the children had gone to bed, she began to prepare her lessons.（从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前，所以从句用了过去完成时） 孩子睡觉了以后她开始备课。He had learned English for three years before he went to London.（主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，所以主句用了过去完成时） 他去伦敦之前已学了三年英语。It was not long before I forgot it all.(It is / was / will be before是常用句型)He ran of
43、f before I could stop him.（主句和从句的动作几乎同时发生，时态一致）我还没来得及阻止他他就跑掉了。(注意 before 在汉语中的译义)(3) 表示习惯性、经常性，即从句描述的不是一次性动作，而是经常发生的习惯性动作。主要连词有 every time（每次） , each time（每次）, whenever（每当）等。例如：Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.每当我们遇上困难的时候，他们就来帮我们。Each time he came to town he would visit our sc
44、hool.他每次进城，总要来看看我们的学校。Every time I went to his house, he was out.我每次去他家，他都出去了。（4）表示持续性或瞬间性，主要连词有：since（自从）, ever since（自从）, until（直到才/为止）, till（直到才/为止）等。如：It is just a week since we arrived here.（It is /was since是常用句型）我们到这儿刚刚一星期。 (主句的动作或状态持续时间较短，不能用 ever since)You have been reading to me ever since
45、James went out.（ever 放在 since 之前是用来表示说话者强调主句动作或状态持续时间长） 自从 James 走后你一直在给我朗读。The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged during the war and has been silent ever since.( ever since 可以放在句末， since 则不能)这只一向日夜不停打点报时的大钟在战争中损坏了，从此就一直不响了。 My uncle went to Tibet in 1951. He has been
46、 living there ever since.我叔叔于 1951 年去了西藏，从那以后他一直生活在那里。Things went well until / till one night an accident happened.事情一切正常，直到有一天晚上发生了意外。I knew nothing about it until / till he told me.(但 Until he told me, I knew nothing about it. “till”不位于句首。)他告诉我了我才知道。2 地点状语从句地点状语从句是由 where（在的地方）, wherever（无论哪里）引导的：
47、Wuhan lies where the Yangtze and the Han River meet.武汉位于长江和汉水汇合处。Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Youd better make a mark where you have any questions.(这里 where 引导的从句不是定语从句)哪儿有问题，你最好在哪儿做个记号。He would keep in touch with us wherever he was .他无论在什么地方，总是与我们保持联系。3 原因状语从句表示原因的状语从句可以由 as（由于）, because(因为), since（既然）, now (that) （既然）, considering that（顾及到）, seeing that（由于）等连词引导：I do it because I like it.因为我喜欢我才干。(because 不能与 so 连用)He couldnt have seen me, because I was not there.他不可能见过我，因为当时我不在那儿。Seeing (tha
