1、雅思阅读中的名词性从句主语从句在复合句中用作主语的从句称为主语从句 (subject clause)。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。如： That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.很明显，她们的确是亲姊妹，她们的脸型很相似。（关联词是从属连词 that） Who should be responsible for the senior citizens has been widely discussed in our c
2、ommunity.谁应该对老年人负责这个问题在社区里被广泛讨论。（关联词是疑问代词 who） Where we can dispose of the increasing rubbish is a great headache to many governments.在哪儿处置日益增多的垃圾对很多政府而言是件头痛的事。（关联词是疑问副词 where） Whoever pollutes the environment should be punished.不论谁污染环境都应该受到惩罚。（关联词是缩合连接代词 whoever） Wherever you are is my homemy only
3、home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家我唯一的家。（关联词是缩合连接副词 wherever）有时可以用 it作为形式主语，将真实主语从句置于句末。如：1. It is probable that the nocturnal trades go way back in the ancestry of all mammals.很可能这种夜间的谋生可以追溯至所有哺乳动物的祖先。2. It should be no surprise then that among mathematicians and architects, left-handers tend to be more common and
4、 there are more left-handed males than females.在数学家和建筑学家中，左撇子更常见并且左撇子的男性比女性要多，这并不惊奇。3. It is reported that millions of people die of water-related disease each year.据报道每年有成千上百万人死于和水有关的疾病。表语从句在复合句中用作表语的从句称为表语从句 (predictive clause)。引导表语从句的关联词有疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、从属连词等。如： The problem is who they can rely
5、on.问题是他们能依赖谁呢。（关联词是疑问代词 who） The question is how they have achieved this.问题是他们是如何完成的。（关联词是疑问副词 how） He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还和十年前一样。（关联词是从属连词 as） Indeed acting as a tourist is one of the defining characteristics of being modern and the popular concept of tourism is that
6、it is organized within particular places and occurs for regularized periods of time.确实作为一个游客是“现代”的定义性特点之一，并且旅游的普遍性观念是它在某个特定地点组织并且发生于规律性的时间段。（关联词是从属连词 that）宾语从句在复合句中用作宾语的从句称为宾语从句 (object clause)。引导宾语从句的关联词有从属连词、疑问代词、疑问副词、缩合连接代词、缩合连接副词等。如： Animal right activists claim that animal tests are cruel, inhu
7、mane and unnecessary.动物权益保护声称动物实验很残忍、没人道和不必要。（关联词是从属连词 that） I know he has succeeded.我知道他已经成功了。（在非正式文体中关联词 that被省去） It is hard to imagine what effects garbage will exert on our life.很难想象垃圾将对我们的生活造成什么影响。（关联词是疑问代词 what） I will tell you why I came here.我会告诉你我为什么来这儿。（关联词是疑问副词 why） I would like to see wh
8、ere you live.我想去看看你住的地方。（关联词是缩合连接副词 where）宾语从句也可以用作介词的宾语，如： It is the major contributor to why so many young females commit crimes in recent years.这就是为什么近年来许多年轻妇女犯罪的主要原因。 But the origins of what is now generally known as modern architecture can be traced back to social and technological changes of t
9、he 18th and 19th centuries.现代建筑学的起源可以追溯到 18世纪和 19世纪的社会和技术变化有时介词可以被省去。如： Nobody cares (for) what happened to the wildlife.没有人关心那些野生生物发生了什么。 Be careful (as to) what he is doing.你要注意他在做什么。有时候全句可以用 it作为形式主语，如： He made it quite clear that he preferred reading to writing.他很明确地说他更喜欢阅读而不是写作。 You may rely on
10、 it that they will help you.你可以指望他们会帮助你。雅思词汇必备知识:一些必要的后缀(suffixes)n.代表名词 v.代表动词 adj.代表形容词 adv.代表副词-able,-ible,-ble, adj. understandable, believable-ate,v.activate, accelerate, validate-er, -or,n.teacher,director-fy,v.notify,modify, diversify,classify-ic, -al,adj.historic, dramatic, musical，practical
11、-ism,n.idealism, terrorism-ist,n.pacifist, activist, typist-ity,n.possibility, humanity, curiosity, reality-ize,v.realize, modernize，popularize -ness,n.happiness, shyness-oid,adj.humanoid琐碎的，不重要的，微不足道的-trivial frivolous superficial trifling worthless轻视，贬抑-disdain despise reject scorn contempt deroga
12、te disparage depreciate嘲笑，嘲讽-deride mock ridicule scorn sneer quip flout hack jape persiflage taunt容易冲动的-impetuous hasty headlong rash brash passionate precipitate reckless理论家，空谈家-doctrinaire pedant theorist残忍的，野蛮的-ferocious bloodthirsty brutal cruel fierce vicious wild atrocious邪恶的，有害的，致命的-sinister
13、 diabolic corrupt forbidding pernicious virulent秘密的，偷偷的-cryptic furtive covert covered hidden hideaway shelter veileds避难所-asylum haven home institution refuge shelter harbor节约的-frugal prudent saving economical sparing thrifty abstemious stint浪费的，挥霍的-prodigal extravagant lavish spendthrift wasteful s
14、quander浪费时间，逗弄，嬉戏-dally dawdle delay lag linger loiter祝福，感谢-benediction bless bliss blessing欺骗，诈骗-deceive beguile dupe hoax mislead trick bamboozle cheat delude hoodwink逃避工作-malinger goldbrick relinquish揭密，泄漏-uncover disclose expose open reveal unmask掠夺，抢劫-loot predate rob pillage plunder sack spoil
15、 despoil burglarize angle诽谤，中伤-aspersion slander derogate calumniate libel discredit denigrate赞扬-extol compliment glorify laud praise commend acclaim eulogize eucomium颂词，表扬-laud eulogy ode hymn反对，不赞成-demur deprecate dissent dissident否认，拒绝，驳斥- contradict dispute refute renounce naysay reject repudiate gainsay哀悼，后悔，哀叹-deplore bemoan regret lament dirge bewail repent驱逐，出境-deport banish expel expatriate evict exile oust exclude ostracism
