1、第十一讲 Nelson Mandela - a modern hero（语法与阅读训练）适用学科 高中英语 适用年级 高中一年级适用区域 人教新课标版 课时时长（分钟） 90知识点 1.关系副词引导的定语从句；2.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句；3.“only+状语”位于句首引起的倒装句；4.阅读七选五教学目标 1.掌握定语从句的用法，特别是介词+关系代词引导的定语从句；2.理解并掌握“only+状语”位于句首引起的倒装句；3掌握阅读七选五的答题思路。教学重点 1.掌握“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；2.学会解答阅读七选五。教学难点 在由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，准确选择合适的介词复
2、习预习high quality _ sb. be devoted to (doing) sth._vote for/against _be equal to sth./doing sth._out of work _as a matter of fact _blow up_in trouble _turn to _lose heart _escape from_come to power _ reward sb. for sth/doing sth._set up_should have done _知识讲解知识点 1 关系副词引导的定语从句例句体会The time was a very di
3、fficult period of my life.I first met Nelson Mandela at that time. -The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 自我探究在定语从句中，当表示时间、地点、原因的名词作先行词时，且先行词在定语从句中作状语，相当于介词短语的作用，应用关系副词_（相当于介词+which）归纳拓展关系代词和关系副词的区分：关系代词在定语从句中做_,_，_，_关系副词在从句中做_.（相当于介词+which） Ex. 填关系代词还是关系副词
4、，并总结规律方法。The library where/ in which students often study was on fire last night.The library which/ that you visited yesterday was built in 1990.The library, which was built in the 1930s, needs repairing.The time when/at which I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.The day
5、s which/that we spent together on the farm were unforgettable.The reason why/for which he was late for school was that his mother was ill.The reason which/that he explained to us at the meeting was true.答题思路：一找，二代，三看，四定知识点 2 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。例句体会He was the black lawyer (whom/that) I went to for advice
6、.He was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.-I cant find the pen with which I was writing .自我探究关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前，但介词提前时，关系代词只能用which(指物) 或 whom(指人)。归纳拓展I. 如何对介词进行选择：根据定语从句谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。a. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.b. He told me some reference books with which I am not
7、 very familiar.c. This is the girl from whom l learned the news.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。a. The city in which she lives is far away. b. I remember the day on which I joined the League. c. I remember the days during which I lived here. d. The reason for which he was late was not reasonable.(合理的)注意：有些短语的介词不能拆开。如
8、：look for, look after, take care of, look forward to, take care of 等。This is the key for which you are looking.(T) This is the key which/that you are looking for. （F）II. 特殊用法：1. some/none,/both/ all/ neither/ most/ each/half of whom/which数词/形容词最高级 +of +which/whoma. There are forty students in our cl
9、ass.Most of them are from big cities.-There are forty students in our class and most of them are from big cities.-There are forty students in our class, most of whom (=of whom most) are from big cities. b. He has ten cousins, the youngest of whom is clever.c. He loves his parents deeply, both of who
10、m are very kind to him. d. Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which (=of which three) are about country life. e. They arrived at the farmhouse, in front of which sat a boy. 2. 当 point, position, stage, situation, condition, case,等词作先行词表示 “情况，境地，场合”等，表示抽象的地点名词时，在从句中作状语时，用 where（介词+which）
11、 。这种用法中的where 相当于 under which, from which 等，意为“在这种情况下，从中”等。Eg.1) Ive come to the point where I cant stand him.2) We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.3) Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?注意：Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, theres one poi
12、nt that we must insist on(坚持). 本句中学生很容易受到思维定势的影响而用关系副词 where 引导定语从句，其实本句中定语从句中缺少的是宾语，故应该选用关系代词，因此选用 that。3. the way 做先行词，意为“方式，方法”时在定语从句中做状语，关系词用 in which，that 或不填；Eg.1) I didnt like the way in which/that he treated his mother.（he treated his mother in the way）2)The way in which/that he teaches Engl
13、ish is interesting. (he teaches English in the way)3) I didnt like the way which/that he explained to me. (he explained the way to me)知识点 3 “only+状语”位于句首引起的倒装句例句体会only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到这个时候我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。Only in this way can you solve the problem. 只有通过这种方式，你才能解决问题
14、。Only if you study hard can you pass the exam. 只有努力学习，你才能通过考试。自我探究当“only状语/状语从句” 置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语的前面。归纳拓展(1) Only 修饰的状语可以是副词、介词短语，也可以是状语从句。如果 only 修饰的是状语从句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。eg: Only when he is seriously ill will he stay in bed.他只有病得非常严重时才会卧床休息。(2)若 only 修饰主语或宾语，即使在句首也不倒装。eg: Only she can
15、 finish the work in an hour.只有她能在一小时内完成这个工作。例题精析【例题 1】【题干】I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was，she had run back in the direction _ she had come.A. of which B. by which C. in which D. from which【例题 2】【题干】Only then _ how much damage had been caused. A. had
16、she realized B. she realized C. did she realize D. she had realized【例题 3】【题干】The man _ is our maths teacher.A. you just talk to B. whom you just talked to him C. who you just talked to him D. which you just talked to【例题 4】【题干】The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in t
17、he jobs _ they are being trained. A. in that B. for that C. in which D. for which【例题 5】【题干】Is this place _ he visited？A. that B. which C. where D. the one【例题 6】【题干】Is this the place _ he visited？A. that B. at which C. where D. the one【例题 7】【题干】Ill never forget the days _ we spent together in Shangha
18、i.A. which B. when C. whom D. on which【例题 8】【题干】I walked in our garden, _ Tom and Jim were tying a sign onto one of the trees.A. which B. when C. whereD. that【例题 9】【题干】Only in this way _ to make improvements in the operating system. A. you can hope B. you did hope C. can you hope D. did you hope同步训练
19、【基础】一. 在空格中填上适当的词。1. I think that was the best way _ we could solve the problem.2. I think that was the best way _ we could think of to solve the problem.3. - How is David doing these days? -No so good. There have been a few occasions _ he cant get together with us because of is poor health.4. -What
20、 is the new building on the left? -It is the storehouse _ our goods ate stored.二.请找出下列各句中的错误并加以改正。1. This is the factory where we visited last week. 2. This is the watch for which Tom is looking. 3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two. 4. The house in that we live is very small. 5.
21、 The reason which he didnt go to school is that he was ill. 6. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands. 【巩固】1. The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where
22、they stayed at D. where they stayed 3. Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 4. Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 5. The pen _he is writing i
23、s mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which6. In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who7. Our school has developed a learning system _ students can do a lot of team work.A. that B. when C. which D. where8. _ by keeping down costs
24、will Power Data hold its advantage over other companies. A. Only B. Just C. Still D. Yet9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _they can talk frequently. A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom10. _ can you expect to get a rise. A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. On
25、ly with hard work D. Now that he works hard【拔高】阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为 1-10的相应位置上。Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is 1 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple
26、reason for this is 2 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 3 (disagree) in interest, and more groups and organizations 4 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in
27、5 (mix) societies. 6 these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are 7 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 8 seems to be the same. And 9 conditions
28、may not be satisfactory, 10 are at least customary and doubtless.课堂运用根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。Taking good notes is a time-saving skill that will help you to become a better student in several ways. 1 Second, your notes are excellent materials to refer to when you are st
29、udying for a test. Third, note-taking offers variety to your study time and helps you to hold your interest.You will want to take notes during classroom discussions and while reading a textbook or doing research for a report. 2 whenever or however you take notes, keep in mind that note-taking is a s
30、elective process. 3 The following methods may work best for you.Read the text quickly to find the main facts and ideas in it. Carefully read the text and watch for words that can show main points and supporting facts. Write your notes in your own words.4 Note any questions or ideas you may have abou
31、t what was said or written.As you take notes, you may want to use your own shorthand(速记). When you do, be sure that you understand your symbols and that you use them all the time. 5 A. Use words, not complete sentences.B. There are three practical note-taking methods.C. You must write your notes on
32、separate paper.D. Otherwise, you may not be able to read your notes later.E. You will also want to develop your own method for taking notes.F. That means you must first decide what is important enough to include in your notes.G. First, the simple act of writing something down makes it easier for you
33、 to understand and remember it.课程小结1. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做主语，宾语，表语，定语关系副词在从句中做状语.（相当于介词+which） 2. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。（1）如何对介词进行选择：根据定语从句谓语动词，形容词的习惯搭配来决定。根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。（2）特殊用法：some/none,/both/ all/ neither/ most/ each/half of whom/which数词/形容词最高级 +of +which/whom 当 point, position, stage, situation, cond
34、ition, case,等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等，表示抽象的地点名词时，在从句中作状语时，用 where（介词+which） 。这种用法中的where 相当于 under which, from which 等，意为“在这种情况下，从中”等。the way 做先行词，意为“方式，方法”时在定语从句中做状语，关系词用 in which，that或不填；3. “only+状语” 位于句首引起的倒装句(1) Only 修饰的状语可以是副词、介词短语，也可以是状语从句。如果 only 修饰的是状语从句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。(2)若 only 修饰主语或宾语，即使在句首也不倒装。课后作
35、业一、单项选择1. He was educated at the local high school,_ he went on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that2. On his 10th birthday, Marty managed to escape from the zoo and got onto the subway, _ he believed that he could go to the wild.A. which B. from whatC. through
36、which D. that3. _you work more efficiently are you able to catch up with others in the class.A. Only when B. Long beforeC. Unless D. Until4. The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./5. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neithe
37、r of which D. none of which 二、完形填空。Cheating（欺骗） happens a lot in our city. It can be hard to know who is really in _1_ and who is trying to take advantage of other peoples _2_.Recently，I was finishing my work at home _3_ the dog barked letting me know that _4_ was at the gate. I rushed to see who it
38、 was and there I saw a _5_ weak woman in her late fifties.I said to her， “May I ask what you _6_？”She _7_， “Hello，my name is Parvathy. My husband and I live in the slum(贫民窟)nearby. We earn our living（谋生）_8_ _ working at construction sites. A few days ago my _9_ tripped on the stairs while _10_ a hea
39、vy load. He is _11_ hurt and hasnt been able to _12_ for the past five days，so we have no food. Now he is at home in bed with a high fever. Please help me！ I need to take my husband to a doctor！”“Oh！” I said. “Please _13_ here.” I went into the room. I felt really bad about her _14_ but.Was she tell
40、ing me the _15_ or trying to cheat me out of my money?Finally，I _16_ to help her. But first I said a simple prayer， “Dear Lord，you know _17_ I earn my pennies，so please make sure that my hard earned money helps those who _18_ need it. Amen.”I went out with a fifty note and _19_ it to her. The moment
41、 she got the money she broke down in tears. She took my hand and said， “May God bless you，my dear！Thank you so much！”I was so _20_，and turned back to my work smiling.1. A. need B. case C. use D. control2. A. braveness B. kindness C. interest D. envy3. A. since B. until C. when D. after4. A. somebody
42、 B. anybody C. everybody D. nobody5. A. popular B. proud C. poor D. busy6. A. want B. notice C. enjoy D. recognize7. A. refused B. expressed C. showed D. replied8. A. by B. to C. in D. for9. A. son B. father C. brother D. husband10. A. gathering B. dropping C. carrying D. choosing11. A. hardly B. ba
43、dly C. probably D. actually12. A. work B. drive C. remove D. operate13. A. stop B. rest C. come D. wait14. A. solution B. situation C. action D. position15. A. hope B. news C. truth D. result16. A. decided B. agreed C. tried D. expected17. A. when B. whether C. how D. what18. A. only B. naturally C. really D. formally19. A. handed B. put C. reminded D. ordered20. A. worried B. moved（感动） C. tired D. frightened课后评价表：一 出勤情况准时（ ） 迟到（ ） 旷课（ ）_二 课上表现情况优（ ） 良（ ） 差（ ）_三 课后作业完成情况全部完成（ ） 部分完成（ ） 未完成（ ）_家长签字：_
