1、100:00:06,073 00:00:09,276万里长城东端200:00:09,376 00:00:14,047中国的海岸线绵延 14500 公里300:00:14,281 00:00:17,217拥有五千多年的历史400:00:20,020 00:00:22,422此处呈现出极大的对比500:00:22,523 00:00:26,159显现中国过去与未来的差异600:00:37,271 00:00:39,640今日中国的东部沿海700:00:39,740 00:00:42,476拥有七亿人口800:00:43,210 00:00:47,214他们勇进世界上最耀眼的先进城市900:00:5
2、0,984 00:00:55,555人口稠密的海岸对大量的野生生物仍然非常重要1000:01:02,296 00:01:07,501现在古老传统与现代渴望交织在一起1100:01:07,601 00:01:13,006中国人口稠密的海岸有野生生物生存的空间吗?1200:01:36,596 00:01:39,533野性中国1300:01:39,599 00:01:43,337潮汐更迭1400:01:52,512 00:01:55,949在中国北方的扎龙自然保护区1500:01:56,049 00:02:00,520一对红顶鹤宣称其营巢领域1600:02:00,621 00:02:04,024就在
3、商业用途的芦苇床1700:02:06,960 00:02:09,463数百年来中国人尊敬鹤1800:02:09,563 00:02:12,199视其为长寿的象征1900:02:12,299 00:02:15,702鹤的雕像摆设在帝王宝座旁2000:02:23,243 00:02:25,746红顶鹤有充分的理由庆贺2100:02:27,347 00:02:31,084在艰困时期这只小鹤是希望的象征2200:02:32,319 00:02:36,390红顶鹤是世界上濒临绝种的物种之一2300:02:38,325 00:02:40,093过去一世纪以来2400:02:40,193 00:02:43,
4、997中国失去了几乎一半的沿岸湿地2500:02:44,097 00:02:49,002剩余的湿地以人民福祉为先而非野生生物2600:02:51,471 00:02:52,739几个月后2700:02:52,773 00:02:56,643小鹤与父母将长途跋涉往南迁徙2800:02:56,743 00:02:59,346躲避北方的寒冬2900:03:04,551 00:03:06,553它们将沿着海岸线飞行3000:03:06,653 00:03:10,490这条路线已受到人类活动的严重影响3100:03:12,959 00:03:15,162在迁徙的旅程中有新成员加入红顶鹤群3200:03:
5、15,262 00:03:18,098就是其他数以千计的候鸟群3300:03:21,168 00:03:24,604它们将往南行越过渤海湾3400:03:24,705 00:03:28,642沿着黄海与东海岸飞行3500:03:28,742 00:03:32,279有些候鸟甚至飞至南海3600:03:32,379 00:03:35,015寻找躲避寒冬的栖身处3700:03:40,520 00:03:45,659数千年来候鸟每年都往南迁徙3800:03:45,759 00:03:49,329这里是中国东北岸的锦屏山3900:03:49,429 00:03:50,931有出人意料的证据显示4000
6、:03:51,031 00:03:54,034人类在此居住几乎同样长的时间4100:04:02,175 00:04:03,643七千年前4200:04:03,743 00:04:07,914少昊氏部落族人雕刻出不可思议的符号4300:04:08,014 00:04:11,451代表族人日常生活的重要元素4400:04:17,591 00:04:22,629岩石雕刻显示线条连接人形的麦束4500:04:22,729 00:04:26,099这是中国首次耕作的纪录4600:04:34,174 00:04:38,011少昊氏族人熟知鸟群每年迁徙的奇景4700:04:38,111 00:04:42,2
7、82他们选择鸟的符号当作图腾4800:04:47,387 00:04:50,657锦屏山座落于山东半岛边4900:04:50,757 00:04:54,394是候鸟重要的避冬之地5000:04:54,494 00:04:58,365时至今日海岸边仍有居民5100:04:58,465 00:05:02,135与当地鸟类保持特殊的密切关系5200:05:11,478 00:05:12,913烟墩角村5300:05:13,013 00:05:15,248位于山东半岛东北岸5400:05:15,348 00:05:18,952以传统的海草屋顶村舍著名5500:05:25,025 00:05:27,29
8、4寒冷的初春清晨5600:05:27,394 00:05:30,630曙光初露屈氏夫妇动身出门5700:05:30,730 00:05:35,502带着传统的滨海讨生活工具水桶与铲子5800:05:46,012 00:05:48,415屈氏夫妻走向海港5900:05:48,515 00:05:50,050眼前是一群黄嘴天鹅6000:05:50,150 00:05:53,286当地人暱称其为“冬季天使”6100:05:53,386 00:05:55,422在海湾中渐渐苏醒6200:06:02,295 00:06:04,965屈氏夫妻与邻居们在退潮泥浆中6300:06:05,031 00:06:0
9、7,167寻找管孔6400:06:07,267 00:06:10,737这代表底下藏着海扇与竹蛏6500:06:21,581 00:06:25,285虽然采集甲壳类动物是常见的消遣6600:06:25,385 00:06:29,456但烟墩角村的主要事业在外海6700:06:37,764 00:06:41,234屈先生随着渔船出海6800:06:41,334 00:06:44,037天鹅与渔船并行6900:07:11,731 00:07:15,235整个海湾是庞大的海草养殖场7000:07:16,469 00:07:19,940从早到晚男人负责清理照料海带7100:07:20,040 00:0
10、7:23,576海带附生于大片浮标物绳索7200:07:29,449 00:07:33,353天鹅吃附生于绳索表面的海草7300:07:33,453 00:07:36,056就不会破坏富经济价值的海带作物7400:07:36,156 00:07:39,192所以天鹅无害于商业交易7500:07:52,539 00:07:56,276中午时分外海风势增强7600:07:56,409 00:07:59,112渔夫与天鹅返回港口7700:08:12,359 00:08:14,761虽然寻求自然平衡的文化7800:08:14,995 00:08:17,230在中国可追溯至古老时代7900:08:17,
11、397 00:08:22,168如此和谐的关系在中国人口稠密的海岸难得一见8000:08:32,712 00:08:34,347接近傍晚时分8100:08:34,447 00:08:38,618屈氏家族在准备晚餐,菜色有海扇8200:08:38,685 00:08:41,054馒头与海草8300:08:49,295 00:08:53,333村落孩子们拿着剩菜去喂天鹅8400:08:53,433 00:08:55,235孩子们乐此不疲8500:08:55,335 00:08:59,773同时天鹅也获得额外的能量足以应付寒夜8600:09:05,011 00:09:07,580一直以来天鹅利用此海
12、湾8700:09:07,680 00:09:10,550作为避冬栖身处,而且代代相传8800:09:15,221 00:09:19,225只要坚持尊敬自然的传统8900:09:19,325 00:09:23,530烟墩角村民与冬季天使间的共存9000:09:23,630 00:09:27,534必将延续下去9100:09:33,406 00:09:37,243渤海湾外海,天鹅村落的东北方9200:09:37,343 00:09:42,215一座岩石小岛提供迁徙鸟群一处寂静的休息地9300:09:53,626 00:09:57,397但蛇岛潜藏着危险9400:10:00,166 00:10:05
13、,638六千多年前蝮蛇因海平面上升而受困于此9500:10:05,738 00:10:08,208它们发展出阴险的生活方式9600:10:11,945 00:10:13,246一年中有十个月9700:10:13,346 00:10:16,282这座岛上无食物可吃9800:10:16,483 00:10:20,987因此蝮蛇静止不动以保存能量9900:10:26,726 00:10:29,362随着阳光照暖这座岩石小岛10000:10:29,462 00:10:32,465蝮蛇往上爬进树森里10100:10:33,700 00:10:36,269但不是享受日光浴10200:10:41,708 0
14、0:10:43,209出现愈来愈多的蝮蛇10300:10:43,309 00:10:47,180几乎爬满鸟群可能会休息的枝头10400:10:47,247 00:10:49,149伺机而动10500:10:51,417 00:10:53,686静静等待猎物上门10600:10:56,422 00:11:00,059蝮蛇的伪装技术高超10700:11:00,159 00:11:02,462但鸟群的反应也很敏捷10800:11:02,962 00:11:05,231由此高速拍摄镜头就可发现10900:11:14,941 00:11:18,244鸟群仅停留该岛几个礼拜11000:11:18,344
15、00:11:21,381但虽然蝮蛇已有数月未进食11100:11:21,481 00:11:25,451它们填饱肚子的唯一希望就是耐心等待11200:11:25,552 00:11:27,153同时静观其变11300:11:46,539 00:11:48,374稍有误算11400:11:48,474 00:11:51,477蝮蛇仅吃到满嘴羽毛!11500:11:57,050 00:12:00,153蝮蛇利用嗅觉追踪飞鸟掉落的位置11600:12:00,253 00:12:02,455再利用分岔的蛇信11700:12:02,555 00:12:06,359嗅着空气直到接近猎物11800:12:1
16、0,196 00:12:14,701最终的挑战是吞下蛇头两倍大的猎物11900:12:15,501 00:12:20,440蝮蛇张开大嘴决定猎物的位置12000:12:20,506 00:12:23,343使鸟嘴向后12100:12:30,583 00:12:33,953对蝮蛇来说这次的大餐太短暂12200:12:34,053 00:12:36,189几周之后迁徙将结束12300:12:36,289 00:12:39,092鸟群将继续前进12400:12:39,192 00:12:43,196这可能是蝮蛇半年内最后的一餐12500:12:46,366 00:12:47,734但不仅是岛屿126
17、00:12:48,001 00:12:50,670经历盛宴与饥荒的循环12700:12:51,137 00:12:53,306海洋也有季节之分12800:12:53,406 00:12:57,677沿岸渔村居民相当熟知这个事实12900:13:04,317 00:13:05,585在杵望港13000:13:05,685 00:13:10,356新渔季展开居民为此举办热闹的庆祝活动13100:13:14,594 00:13:16,329但对于船主赵先生来说13200:13:16,429 00:13:19,399这天不仅是庆祝也是祈祷13300:13:22,335 00:13:24,570赵先生希
18、望藉由贡品13400:13:24,671 00:13:27,307表现对海神的尊敬13500:13:27,407 00:13:30,443也希望能保证对他与船员们而言13600:13:30,543 00:13:32,679今年是平安丰收的一年13700:13:43,289 00:13:48,061同时鼓声与鞭炮反映了古老信仰13800:13:48,161 00:13:53,166巨响会吓跑危险的海怪与噩运13900:14:01,441 00:14:06,579舞台中央是海龙表演14000:14:06,679 00:14:09,315海龙是神话中海洋与气候的统治者14100:14:39,946
19、00:14:41,280在傍晚宁静时分14200:14:41,380 00:14:44,550赵先生与家人点燃纸船灯笼14300:14:50,690 00:14:54,927每个闪烁火焰带着一个愿望给海神14400:14:55,027 00:14:59,432这项传统代代相传了无数个世代14500:15:15,548 00:15:17,617在中国人口稠密的海岸14600:15:17,717 00:15:21,454渔民需要足智多谋14700:15:21,554 00:15:24,424拉渔网是项辛苦的工作14800:15:24,524 00:15:27,493目前为止毫无斩获14900:15
20、:31,330 00:15:33,166仅捕获水母15000:15:37,236 00:15:39,038每年数百万的水母15100:15:39,138 00:15:42,942随着渤海湾流漂流南下15200:15:44,143 00:15:47,346背后的生态故事相当复杂15300:15:47,980 00:15:50,249但绝非中国独有的现象15400:15:52,118 00:15:55,121水母繁殖快速且以浮游生物维生15500:15:56,522 00:16:00,693近年来人类排放的污水与密集农业的肥料15600:16:01,027 00:16:04,063导致渤海湾的浮游
21、生物激增15700:16:04,163 00:16:06,365提供水母更多食物来源15800:16:07,567 00:16:11,437然而过度渔捞减少了水母的天敌与竞争者15900:16:16,542 00:16:20,313此种现象已相当普遍16000:16:20,413 00:16:22,415全世界的海洋皆如此16100:16:23,683 00:16:26,919然而在别人眼里看来是个问题16200:16:27,019 00:16:30,022中国却视其为一个机会16300:16:41,133 00:16:42,401就在岸边16400:16:42,435 00:16:46,37
22、2骡车将水母运送至附近的仓库16500:16:46,472 00:16:50,610进行处理后当做食物卖至中国各地16600:17:07,593 00:17:11,364四代同堂一起享用一碗水母切片16700:17:12,365 00:17:15,134吃了可延年益寿16800:17:28,547 00:17:31,284离开渤海湾16900:17:31,350 00:17:32,885迁徙的红顶鹤17000:17:32,985 00:17:36,289其他鸟群加入篦鹭与鸭群17100:17:36,555 00:17:40,660全都往南飞行寻找避冬的安全栖身处17200:17:50,670
23、00:17:54,473鸟群迁徙路线沿着黄海海岸17300:17:54,540 00:17:57,510来到江苏省17400:17:57,610 00:18:00,046这里拥有肥沃的农耕地17500:18:00,146 00:18:03,149还有中国仅剩的盐沼17600:18:11,591 00:18:12,725在大丰县17700:18:12,959 00:18:17,396一处小盐沼保护区有种动物很幸运存活在此17800:18:19,932 00:18:23,603中国人视麋鹿为拼凑的奇特动物17900:18:24,236 00:18:26,005它的头似马18000:18:26,20
24、5 00:18:27,673蹄似牛18100:18:27,907 00:18:29,875尾似驴18200:18:29,976 00:18:32,111还有朝后的鹿角18300:18:35,982 00:18:39,251西方称之为“四不像”18400:18:39,352 00:18:42,154沿用欧洲人的形容18500:18:47,960 00:18:49,128在发情期18600:18:49,228 00:18:52,999雄鹿以植物花环装饰自己18700:18:53,065 00:18:55,201挂在鹿角上18800:19:03,676 00:19:07,246交配权取决于激烈的搏斗
25、18900:19:07,346 00:19:10,116雌鹿仍带着一岁大的小鹿19000:19:14,620 00:19:17,189发情期到了它们还没断奶19100:19:17,289 00:19:20,192群聚在一起寻求照顾与保护19200:19:20,292 00:19:23,429仅有肚子饿时才回到母鹿身边19300:19:23,529 00:19:27,967这种独特的行为让它们远离侵略性强的雄鹿19400:19:34,373 00:19:38,277到今日中国仅剩 2500 只麋鹿19500:19:40,279 00:19:43,349但这才是值得注意的地方19600:19:45
26、,551 00:19:49,4551900 年代初期野生麋鹿已绝迹19700:19:50,122 00:19:54,527但幸好特等麋鹿被当成礼物送至欧洲19800:19:55,628 00:19:58,597在英格兰沃本修道院的麋鹿不断繁衍19900:19:58,697 00:20:03,5691980 年代初期 40 只麋鹿被送回本国20000:20:03,669 00:20:06,038它们在本土继续繁衍下去20100:20:23,723 00:20:26,258迁徙鹤群目前飞行的旅程20200:20:26,358 00:20:29,929沿着海岸南行已超过两千公里20300:20:38
27、,370 00:20:41,307越过大丰县的麋鹿保护区20400:20:41,407 00:20:43,609逐渐接近另一处盐沼20500:20:43,709 00:20:48,147这里将提供它们避冬的完美场所20600:20:58,524 00:21:03,295这里是中国最大的海岸湿地盐城市20700:21:03,395 00:21:06,932每天估计有三百万只鸟飞经此地20800:21:11,637 00:21:15,007幼鹤仅有七个月大20900:21:15,107 00:21:18,377现在已完成一半的迁徙旅程21000:21:18,477 00:21:20,980它们将每
28、年周而复始21100:21:22,615 00:21:25,317耐寒的鹤群能抵挡严寒低温21200:21:25,417 00:21:27,553有时或许降至零度以下21300:21:30,523 00:21:34,994然而其他迁徙鸟群如濒临绝迹的黑面篦鹭21400:21:35,060 00:21:37,530耐寒力较低21500:21:37,630 00:21:41,600它们将持续南行寻找更暖和的气候21600:21:58,284 00:22:01,153此时多数的迁徙鸟群21700:22:01,253 00:22:05,024它们的南行之旅还有大半旅程21800:22:05,124 0
29、0:22:07,893迎接它们的是一项新挑战21900:22:07,993 00:22:10,963中国最长的河川长江22000:22:11,063 00:22:14,433这里出现一种相当不同的迁徙22100:22:20,940 00:22:24,877每年长江运送数百万公吨的货物22200:22:24,977 00:22:28,380成为世界上最繁忙的水道22300:22:39,091 00:22:41,293这些是中国河蟹22400:22:41,393 00:22:43,996以其怪异的毛螯得名22500:22:51,103 00:22:54,440它们可迁徙远达一千五百公里22600:
30、22:54,540 00:22:57,409从支流与湖泊移动到河口22700:22:57,610 00:22:59,979群聚繁殖22800:23:06,952 00:23:10,556长江大鲟鱼也有类似的迁徙22900:23:10,656 00:23:14,860这种鲟鱼身长可达四公尺体重可达半公吨23000:23:14,960 00:23:18,364近年来长江大鲟鱼的数量急剧减少23100:23:18,464 00:23:22,902河川水坝的兴建阻挡其迁徙路线23200:23:26,105 00:23:30,009但窒碍难行的动物不仅如此23300:23:30,109 00:23:33
31、,445整个长江流域生态遭到严重污染23400:23:36,682 00:23:40,519尽管被规划为伟大清理计划的目标23500:23:40,619 00:23:43,155今日长江被视为太平洋23600:23:43,255 00:23:47,092最大的单一污染源头23700:23:55,701 00:23:58,570崇明岛座落在长江河口23800:23:58,671 00:24:02,308提供重要的休息与觅食处23900:24:02,374 00:24:04,943给迁徙岸鸟24000:24:05,044 00:24:07,513也展现出欢迎的姿态24100:24:07,613 0
32、0:24:11,583改变了对长江受尽折磨的野生动物的态度24200:24:16,622 00:24:19,925数个世纪以来这些海岸泥滩吸引了猎人24300:24:19,992 00:24:21,560如金先生24400:24:21,660 00:24:24,663他设陷阱的技巧已炉火纯青24500:24:24,897 00:24:28,567捕捉珍禽作为上海的精馔美食24600:24:42,114 00:24:45,417四十年来金先生使用渔网24700:24:45,517 00:24:48,554假鸟与竹笛24800:24:48,687 00:24:51,957诱使越过的鸟群自投罗网24
33、900:25:07,239 00:25:10,909这需要耐心与完美技巧25000:25:34,199 00:25:37,035但事情不是仅看表面25100:25:37,136 00:25:41,273如同许多保育学家25200:25:41,373 00:25:44,410金先生由攻转守25300:25:44,510 00:25:47,946利用他的捕鸟技巧帮助自己的采石场25400:25:53,619 00:25:56,522东滩鸟类保护区的员工25500:25:56,622 00:25:59,892将为受困鸟群测量称重并套上套环25600:25:59,992 00:26:02,227再毫发
34、未伤地释放它们25700:26:03,662 00:26:06,965金先生与同事收集的资料25800:26:07,065 00:26:10,602有助于保护两百多种鸟类25900:26:10,702 00:26:13,205它们每年都造访崇明岛26000:26:21,613 00:26:24,116崇明岛南部26100:26:24,216 00:26:28,454是中国最大的海岸城市上海26200:26:39,665 00:26:44,036上海位处于鸟类与河川生物的主要迁徙路线26300:26:45,170 00:26:48,540现在正面临更大的侵害26400:26:51,076 00:
35、26:56,014平底货船载着建材来往穿梭在市区码头26500:26:56,548 00:27:00,352迎合世界上最伟大的建筑盛况26600:27:03,021 00:27:06,658去年全世界半数的水泥运送至中国的城市26700:27:08,160 00:27:12,264这一切是为了准备迎接最庞大的人类迁徙26800:27:12,364 00:27:14,333世界史上前所未见26900:27:20,706 00:27:25,077接下来 25 年有超过 3 亿的人口27000:27:25,177 00:27:30,115预计将从乡村移居至上海等大城市27100:27:32,718
36、00:27:35,988人类从乡村迁徙至城市27200:27:36,088 00:27:40,125是世界各地共同反映的现象而到了 2010 年27300:27:40,225 00:27:44,263全世界有超过半数的人口居住在城市27400:27:50,335 00:27:54,373随着夜晚降临上海显露出真实的面貌27500:28:16,962 00:28:20,198中国成长最快速的金融中心27600:28:20,299 00:28:23,402正在蓬勃发展之中27700:28:36,081 00:28:40,519估计人口将超过两千万27800:28:40,619 00:28:43,6
37、22上海是中国最大的城市27900:28:43,889 00:28:46,558无庸置疑也是最耀眼的城市28000:28:50,362 00:28:53,365但环境必须为此付出代价28100:28:53,465 00:28:58,337上海居民现在每人使用的电力28200:28:58,437 00:29:00,472是乡村民众的 2.5 倍28300:29:08,981 00:29:11,950上海似乎很渴求能源28400:29:12,050 00:29:16,488目前需要 17 座电力厂28500:29:24,229 00:29:28,333由上海往南,城市灯火渐渐消失28600:29:
38、28,433 00:29:31,203进入了一个古老的世界28700:29:41,313 00:29:44,349这里是福建省28800:29:44,416 00:29:46,051地形崎岖难行28900:29:46,151 00:29:50,922四周环绕陡峭的花岗岩山丘有助于保存29000:29:51,023 00:29:55,027中国最古老的遗址与传统文化29100:29:56,528 00:29:58,230耸立在海岸边29200:29:58,330 00:30:01,867标高 1400 公尺的太姥山29300:30:01,967 00:30:06,038中国人称之为“海上仙境”2
39、9400:30:14,246 00:30:18,050潮湿的海洋微风在冷峻的山顶凝结29500:30:18,483 00:30:21,520同时结合排水良好的酸性土坏29600:30:21,620 00:30:24,389营造出理想的生长环境29700:30:24,489 00:30:27,993如偏好酸性土坏的野生杜鹃花29800:30:32,664 00:30:38,103这里也盛产茶花还包括最著名的植物29900:30:38,170 00:30:39,638茶树30000:30:42,140 00:30:45,410福建沿海地区拥有类似的生长环境30100:30:45,510 00:30
40、:49,147成为中国茶的圣地30200:30:49,247 00:30:53,585茶工业可追溯到四千多年前30300:30:57,589 00:31:01,359该地区最传统的种茶文化30400:31:01,460 00:31:03,562就属客家文化30500:31:08,233 00:31:12,204每天清早山羊被放牧至茶园30600:31:13,071 00:31:15,207这是数世纪以来的传统30700:31:15,941 00:31:18,376这听来也许奇怪因为山羊为人所熟知的30800:31:18,477 00:31:20,545就是吃绿色植物30900:31:21,27
41、9 00:31:25,183但茶树却老神在在31000:31:27,085 00:31:29,921茶叶含有苦味的化学物质31100:31:30,021 00:31:32,557以驱赶接近的动物31200:31:33,558 00:31:35,527这对山羊很有效31300:31:35,627 00:31:40,132山羊略过茶叶仅吃周围的杂草31400:31:40,232 00:31:43,468山羊排泄物补充茶叶营养31500:31:46,405 00:31:48,240令人惊讶的是31600:31:48,340 00:31:51,576人类该觉得这种苦味化学物质31700:31:51,676 00:31:53,512令人无法抗拒31800:31:56,181 00:32:00,519种茶是客家人的家族事业31900:32:01,153 00:32:05,023妇女负责采茶,男人负责处理包装32000:32:07,926 00:32:10,495张太太是客家家庭的一份子32100:32:10,595 00:32:12,931世世代代在此生活工作32200:32:13,031 00:32:15,233