1、1Unit 5 Nelson Mandela1. quality n.特性，性质；质，质量eg. One quality of wood is that it can burn.eg. This new watch is of high quality.eg. He has all the qualities of a successful businessman.短语：average quality 平常的品质 goog/bad quality 好/ 坏的品质the best quality 最好的质量 extra fine quality 特等first-rate quality 一等 h
2、igh quality 优质 poor quality 劣质quantity n.量，数量eg. Quality is more important than quantity.注意：a large quantity of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，其短语作主语，谓语动词用单数，而 large/great quantities of 修饰可数名词或不可数名词，作主语，谓语动词用复数。eg. A large quantity of people is needed here.eg. Large quantities of foof have rotten away.短语：in quantity,
3、 in large quantities “大量的”in small quantities “少量的”练习：(1) Its often less expensive to buy goods in / quantity, but youd better examine the quantity before buying them.(2) A large quantity of food is (be) needed in the flooded area.(3) Large quantities of food are (be) needed in the flooded area.Qual
4、ify vt.使具有资格拓展：Characteristic 特色，特性，典型Feature 特征，特色character 特点，性格2. willing adj. =eager, ready, glad 愿意帮助的，乐于的派生词：unwilling adj.不愿意的willingly adv. 愿意地unwillingly adv. 不情愿地willingness n.愿意短语：be willing to do sth=be ready to do sth.；=be content to do sth.乐意做某事be willing for sb. to do 乐意让某人做某事eg. He i
5、s a kind-hearted man, who is willing to help others.eg. The boy did homework very unwillingly.注意：will 除用来表示将来时态以外，还可以用作动词表示 “意愿” I will help him if he will help others 如果他愿意帮助别人我就愿意帮助他。 will 用作 n. 表示“ 意志，意向，遗嘱”He has a strong will. 他意志坚强 Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成。He got the house
6、under the will of his father. 依照他父亲的遗嘱，他得到了那所房子。He obeyed the order against his will 他无可奈何地服从命令。练习：用 will, would, willing 填空(1) I told him not to go, but he would not listen.(2) Im willing to admit that I have hurt her, but I didnt mean to.2(3) She has a strong will, and she does what she wants no m
7、atter what people say.3. active adj (1)积极的，主动的take ( an active) part in（积极）参加=be active in sth.（在某方面）积极active voice 主动语态(2)活跃的have an active brain 头脑灵活activity n. 活跃，活力 (pl.)活动be in activity（火山等）在活动中political activities 政治活动social activities 社会活动4. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心短语归纳（1）lose ones heart to 爱上，喜欢上b
8、reak ones heart 使人难过（心碎）put ones heart into 把全部心思放在=set ones mind to sth.heart and soul 全心全意地learn sth.by heart 记熟=keep/bear sth. in mind（强调状态）=recite（强调动作）give heart to sb.鼓励某人短语归纳（2）lose face 丢脸lose weight 减轻体重lose ones purse/wallet 丢钱包lose ones patience 失去耐心lose ones balance 失去平衡lose ones temper
9、发脾气lose ones way 迷路lose ones head/ reason/ voice/ hearing/ control/ mindlose sight of 看不见，忘记，忽略lose touch (contact) with 和失去联系lose oneself in 陷入lost in thought 陷入沉思5. in trouble 处于不幸中eg. The boy caused a lot of trouble to his parents, he was always in trouble那个男孩给父母带来很多麻烦，他深感愧疚。troube n.(1)U,C烦恼，苦恼e
10、g. What is your trouble?你有什么烦恼？(2)C讨厌的人或事eg. It is a great touble to carry these bottles.(3) C,U常用复数，动乱，乱子make trouble 捣乱political troubles 政治动乱（4） 病，毛病=diseaseeye/heart/stomach trouble 眼/心脏/ 胃病vt.使烦恼be troubled by bad news 为坏消息烦恼3vi 烦恼，苦恼Dont trouble about it.别为此而烦恼短语归纳：look/ask for trouble 自寻烦恼get
11、 into trouble 陷入困境get sb. out of trouble 使某人摆脱困境have some trouble( difficulty, problems) with sth. 在方面有困难have trouble (in) doing=have difficulty (in) doing 在做方面有困难介词 in 可省的短语还有：be busy (in); spend (in); have no time (in)take trouble to do/doing sth.尽力做某事make trouble 制造麻烦，闹事，捣乱trouble sb. to do sth.麻
12、烦某人做某事=put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.6. fight v.打仗，打架(fought,fought)用法：fight+n.与作战 eg. They had to fight the government.fight/struggle for 为争取而斗争eg.They told the workers to fight for their rights.fight/struggle against 与做斗争/ 作战fight/struggle with（1）与并肩作战（2）同进行战斗=fight/struggle against fight wi
13、th sb. about/over sth.因某事和某人吵架fight back 还击，抵抗fight off 击退，排斥fight ones way 打出一条生路区别：fight, struggle, war ,battle, campaignfight“战争” ，指战争的动作struggle 指较长时期的激烈的争斗，往往指肉体、精神上的战斗(1) struggle against 后可接表示人或物的名词，表示与对立（对抗）的人或物进行斗争， “同做斗争”(2) struggle for 后通常接抽象名词， “为（真理，事业，解放等）而斗争（奋斗）war“战争“，指全面斗争，包含多次batt
14、le “战役“，指大的，连续数小时或数天的战争the battle of Waterloo 滑铁卢战役campaign : “战役”,表示 a series of battles7. prison短语：be in prison 坐牢get into prison 入狱send sb to prison (be sent to prison)把投进监狱（被投进监狱）eg. The thief was sent to prison for a year.那个小偷被囚禁一年go to prison 去坐牢put sb. in prison=send sb. to prison= throw/cast
15、 sb. into prison把投进监狱break (out of ) prison/ escape from prison 越狱逃跑4注意：go to prison 蹲监狱go to the prison 到监狱去eg The criminals wife went to the prison to visit her husband.犯人的妻子到监狱去看望丈夫。类似的用法还有：go to school go to hospitalgo to the school go to the hospital.8advise v.劝告，忠告；通知，告知用法：advise +n.建议某事 eg. T
16、he doctor advised a change of air.advise (ones) doing 建议做某事advise sb. to do sth.=try/want to persuade sb. to do sth.劝告某人做某事advise sb. not to do sth=advise sb. against sth/doing sth. advise sb. on sth.就某事给某人出主意advise that (should) +doadvise +wh-+to do区别 advise 和 persuadeeg. I advised him to give up s
17、moking, but failed.eg. I persuaded him to give up smoking and he never smoke now练习：(1) She advised me to wear my best clothes（劝我穿上）(2) We have worked for a long time. I advise having a rest（建议休息一会儿）advice n.U建议短语：a piece/bit fo advice 一条建议give advice to sb.给某人提意见ask (sb.) for advice 征询（某人的）意见give so
18、me advice on 就提出意见follow ones advice=take ones advice 接受某人的意见派生词：adv iser/advisor n.顾问9continue(1) vt.继续做某事eg. After a short rest they continued their work.eg. After graduation I continued to devote myself to doing this research(2) vi.（时间或空间上）延续eg. The forest continued for miles(3) vt.接着说eg.” The te
19、am was excellent,” he continued,” But this time it was beaten in the game.他接着说：“这个队很好，但这次输了比赛。 “(3) link v.继续（处于某种状态）eg. The weather continues cold and weteg. According to the weather report, the weather will continue fine till this weekend.用法归纳：5continue+n.continue to do/doing =go on doingcontinue
20、+(to be) adj.=remainto be continued 待续（用于报刊上连载的文章等）continued story 连载小说（故事）比较：go on doing sth.指继续做同一件事情eg. After a short rest, they went on working.短暂休息之后，他们继续工作go on to do sth.接着做另外一件事情eg. After finishing the words, they went on to go over the text.结束单词后，他们接着复习课文。go on with sth.继续同一件事，此时 with 后能接名词
21、，代词，不能接动词ing 形式eg. Einstein went on with his research.爱因斯坦继续他的研究工作go on 继续（说）表示“继续“的说法：continue“继续“后面跟动词不定式和动名词没有区别go ahead with=go on with 隐含有付出努力之意keep on doing=(1) go on doing=(2)指不顾困难，反对或警告而坚持做某事eg. He kept on smoking after the doctor told him to stop 医生告诉他停止后，他还是继续吸烟。区别：continue /lastcontinue 指
22、” 持续而无终止 ”，通常强调”不间断continue ones work 继续工作last 指“ 持久 ”， “延续” eg. The rain will not last long 这雨不会持续很久。10. fee n.费， （会费，学费等） ，酬金区别：fee, fare, income, pay wage, salary, paymentfee 指学费，会费，入场费，手续费和付给医生，律师的费用，如：schooling feefare 指车费，船费，旅差费，飞机票价等。如：the bus fareincome 收入，收益，进款 总称pay 薪水，工资，最普通用语，特指海陆军人及其他在政
23、府部门工作的人的薪资，可指军饷。另外可作动词 pay sb.payment 支付；支付的款项；作为支付的东西；报偿，报应wages 复工资；指劳动者、工人等的工资，通常指给予短期工作者的报酬。much/ little wagessalary 薪水；指从事脑力劳动的劳动者，如事务员，记者，教师，牧师等的薪水11. gold n. U(1)黄金，金子(2)宝贵，优美 a voice of gold 金嗓子(3) 金色，金黄色 old gold 古金色adj.(1)金制的，含金的 a gold watch 金表6(2)金色的 (=golden)Gold Coast 黄金海岸gold fish 金鱼g
24、old mine 金矿gold rush 淘金热gold-smith 金匠golden adj.(1)金色的，黄金般的 a golden sunset 辉煌的日落(2)贵重的，绝好的 a golden saying 金玉良言Golden Age（希腊故事中）黄金时代Golden Gate Bridge 金门大桥12. worry about 担心，忧虑worry vt. 使烦恼，使担忧eg. Whats worrying you?什么事使你烦恼？短语：worry sb. with sth.麻烦/打扰某人worry thatbe worried about（为）发愁，着急（强调心理状态）eg.
25、She is worrying about his health.(强调动作)eg. She is worried about his health（强调心理状态）worrying adj.令人烦恼的worried adj.感到烦恼的a worried look 担心的神色look worried 看起来很焦虑worry (worries)(pl.)(1)n.U=anxiety 烦恼，担心，焦虑 eg. She has no worry at all 她没有一点烦恼。(2) nC(pl)=trouble,difficulty 令人烦恼的人或事be full of worries 有种种烦恼练习
26、：用 worry worrying, worried 填空(1) Ted Robinson has been worried all the week.(2) A long period of worrying led to her nervous weakness.(3) My parents will worry is I come home late13. out of work 失业=out of a job （强调状态）=lose ones job（强调动作）eg. He has been out of work for a year and now hes looking for
27、a job.短语归纳（1）：in work 有工作at work 在工作off work 在休假after work 下班后go to work 去上班短语归纳（2）out of order 坏了，混乱out of control 失去控制out of date 过时out of temper 发脾气out of patience 失去耐心out of mind 心不在焉out of breath 气喘吁吁out of sight 看不见out of hearing 听不见out of shape 变形out of business 失业，破产7out of action 失去作用out of
28、 sense 失去理性out of danger 脱离危险out of repair 失修out of practice 技术生疏out of pity 出于同情grow out of 产生于；因长大而不再做out of count 不计其数out of heart 没精神；沮丧walk/run out of 从走/跑出来out of ones reach 够不着out of step 与 步调不一致jump out of bed 从床上跳下来three out of four people 四个人中的三个look out of the window 向窗外看out of line 与不一致o
29、ut of question 毫无疑问out of the question=impossible 决不可能8区别：work /job/taskwork U作名词，有体力和脑力劳动的意思，又有作为职业概念的“工作”的意思。 eg. You have done a days work in 3 hours他在三个小时之内完成了一天的工作。Job C作为“工作”解，有两层含义，一个是“干活”的“活” ；一个是 作为职业的“事”(=employment)。job 作“干活”的“活”解时的同义词有 task， duty 等；作为职业的“事”解时同义词有 position, place, situati
30、on, posteg. When you start a job, you must stick to it.一旦你开始了一项工作，就得持之以恒。14. position vt.安放，安置 n.(1)方位，位置eg. Can you show me the position of your school on the map?(2)状态，状况，情势eg. The position is very serious.情况很紧急。eg. In my present position, I cannot help you.(3)职业，职务，工作eg. He has got a position in
31、a bank.(4)见解，立场eg. What is your position on the new taxes?关于新税法你有何见解？短语：in position 在适当的位置，在应在的位置out of position 在错误的位置，不得其所15. accept区别：accept/ receiveaccept “同意 ”， “接受（邀请，建议等） ”， “认为属实 ”表示主观上乐意接受，接到，eg. accept a gift/a piece of advice/ an apology接受礼物/劝告/道歉eg. I cant accept that he is to blame我认为不能
32、责怪他receive “接到，收到（包裹、信等） ”不表示主观上接纳receive a letter/ a telephone call/ a good education/ the Nobel Prize/ a warm welcome收到来信/电话/良好的教育/诺贝尔奖/ 热情的欢迎eg. The foreign visitors were received warmly.那些外宾受到热情接待练习：用 accept /receive.填空I received an invitation, but I didnt accept it.16. violence n U(1)猛烈，激烈(2)暴力
33、，暴力行为do violence to 对施暴；歪曲（事实）eg. Your remarks did violence to the truth.他的话歪曲了事实violate vt.(1)=break 违反，违犯，违背（诺言等）(2)亵渎，冒犯，破坏（应受尊敬之物） ，玷污；(3)=rape委婉强奸（妇女）violent adj（1）猛烈的 a violent storm 猛烈的暴风雨（2）极端的，极度的 violent dislike 极度的厌恶917. as a matter of fact 事实上，实际上，确实=in fact; in truth;in nature in realit
34、y; really; actually; truly; practically 在句中做插入语区别：affair,event,accident, incident, matter, business 表“事情”affair 作 “事件 ”讲，复数作“事务”讲，是正式用词，指要做的事或已经发生的事，强调行为与动作及其过程。event 多指重大历史事件，也可指日常生活中较重要的事情和运动比赛项目。accident 指意外或偶然，多指不幸的事故，多有不良后果incident 指与某人或某重大事件有关的独立的事件，尤指军事、政治上有争议的情况matter 指需要考虑或处理的情况business 指事务
35、，也指事情常与 Affair 替用，强调责任。18. blow up（blew, blown）爆炸，炸毁；使充气；勃然大怒eg. A bomb blew up near that street.eg. blow up a balloon/tyre 给气球/ 轮胎打气eg. The teacher blew up when I said Id forgotten to do my homework.短语：blow hot and cold 变化不定（一时这样一时那样）blow sb. a kiss 飞吻blow ones own trumpet(horn)自吹自擂blow out（被）吹灭；（车
36、胎）破，爆blow over（ 1） （暴风雨等）吹散，吹倒，刮倒， （坏天气）大风平息（ 2）被遗忘blow away 刮走，吹走blow down（风）刮倒blow off（1）吹掉（2）将（热水，蒸汽等）放出19. equal （1）vt. 等于；与 相等(=be equal to )eg. Two and two equals four= Twice two is equal to four.二加二等于四eg. The player equaled the Olympic record.那名运动员平了奥运会记录。（2）adj. the same in size, amount, val
37、ue, number, degree, etc.（大小、程度、数量）相等的，胜任的eg.All men are born equal.所有的人生来是平等的短语：be equal to sth/doing sth.胜任（做）某事eg. She feels equal to the task.她认为能胜任该项工作。be equal with 与平等eg. In the sight of God, the rich are equal with the poor在上帝眼中，富人和穷人是平等的be equal to sb. in sth.在某方面与某人相等eg. They are equal in a
38、bility= They are of equal ability.他们能力相当扩展：equalize/equalize vt/vi.（使）相等；（使）平等equally adv.同样的，平等的equality n.平等区别 equal /sameequal 可作形容词，名词和动词，same 可作形容词和代词equal 修饰名词时可与 an 连用；same 与 the 连用eg. The blacks demand equal rights/an equal pay.eg. The blacks demand the same rights/the same pay.10练习：玛丽与比尔头脑一
39、样聪明。Mary is equal to Bill in brains.20. degree n.（1）等级，程度，阶级eg. The students show various degrees of skill in doing the experiments.学生们做实验时，技巧熟练程度不一。（2）度数，量度eg. The teacher drew an angle of ninety degrees on the blackboard.老师在黑板上画了一个 90 度的角eg. The temperature today is two degrees higher than yesterd
40、ay.今天气温比昨天高 2 度。（3）学位Bachelors degree 学士学位Masters degree 硕士学位Doctors degree 博士学位（4）社会地位eg. She is a woman of high degree.她是一位社会地位高的妇女。21. guard n.（1）U 警卫，戒备 keep guard 放哨，守卫（2）C 哨兵，警卫员 guards of honour 仪仗队 the Guards（英国等）皇家禁卫军（3） （篮球等）卫 the right/left guard 右/ 左卫vt. （1）保卫，守卫（2）监视（犯人等）（3）谨慎使用（言词等）gua
41、rd ones tongue 说话谨慎短语：drop/lower ones guard 丧失警惕on guard 在岗上on ones guard 警戒，警惕guarder 守卫者，看守员guardless adj.无警戒的，无保护的22. educated adj.education n.U教育moral/ intellectual/ physical education 德育/智育/ 体育a man of education 一个受过教育的人 have a good/ college education 受良好/大学教育educational adj.教育的educate vt.教育 ed
42、ucate oneself 自修 be educated at school 在校接受教育23. come to power 当权，上台eg. It has been 5 years since this party came to power.短语归纳：in power 当权，执政lose power 失去权利in office 当权，执政take office 上台，就职leave office 离职power n. =ability, strength(1)U总称力， （人的）能力，精力，力量do everything in ones power to help 尽力帮助11out of
43、 /beyond ones power 能力所不及(2)C体力；智力；精力eg. His powers are falling.他的体力在衰退中。ones creative powers 创造力a man of varied powers 多才多艺的人(3)=right U 权利，权限the power of the law 法律的力量have power over sb.对某人有支配权(1) 物理功率electric power 电力water power 水利(5)C大国，强国the Great Powers 各大国，列强(6) C,U势力，力量eg. Knowledge is power
44、.知识就是力量区别：power, force, strength, mightpower“ 力，权利” ，用途最广，用于各种身的，心的，隐藏的，外显的力，和strength 同义，但暗示能动的意思。force“力，力量 ”指活动的力，是 strength 所展示出来的力，外部的力，常被作“势力”用strength“体力” ，是内部的能力，是在身体组织内存在的体力力，势力，指强有力的力。24. terror区别：fright, fear, be afraid of, horror, terror, dreadfright 突然的惊吓eg. The loud thunder gave me a f
45、right.这声响雷吓了我一大跳。fear 恐惧，最普通用语，但口语中多用 be afraid ofbe afraid of 后可跟名词或动名词 be afraid 后跟不定式，此时的含义是“怕”或“不敢” ，be afraid 后跟从句，含义是“恐怕”eg. I wasnt afraid of the car. I was afraid of the driver.我不是怕那辆车，而是怕开车的人。eg. Im afraid I didnt see the speed limit, officer, I must have been dreaming.恐怕我没有看见限制速度标志，警官，我一定是
46、思想开小差了。horror 恐怖，战栗eg. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly.船长在下面惊恐的意识到泰坦尼克号正在迅速的下沉terror 令人毛骨悚然的恐怖eg. He ran away in terror.他被吓得逃跑了dread 恐怖比 fear 更为强烈。terrible adj.(1)可怕的 a terrible storm 可怕的风暴(2) 过渡的 a terrible headache 头痛的厉害(3) 口语 极坏的，很糟的 a terrible play
47、很糟糕的一出戏区别：terrible/ horribleterrible 可怕的，恐怖的；指极端的恐怖足以压服人的理解力horrible 可怕的，恐怖的，含有恐怖到产生战栗的意思12terrify v. =frighten 使恐怖，使惊吓be terrified out of ones wits/ senses 被吓得魂不附体25.fearv. 畏惧，害怕，为担忧=be afraid (of)用法：fear+n. eg. We never fear difficulty.我们从不害怕困难。fear+doingfear+ to do eg. You shouldnt fear to speak
48、your mind你应该敢于说出自己的想法。fear+that eg. I fear that he must have gone.我怕他已经走了fear for “为担心”eg. We feared for his life我们为他的生命担心I fear so/not= Im afraid so /notn.U恐惧，害怕 C担心的事feel no fear“什么也不怕” a look of fear“恐惧的表情”短语：in fear“害怕的”eg. They stood there in fear.他们非常害怕的站在那里。in fear of“在害怕中”eg. The thief passe
49、d the day in fear of discovery.那贼在害怕被人发现的情况下度过了一天。for fear of“惟恐，担心”eg. She asked us not to be noisy, for fear of waking the baby.她请我们不要喧哗，因为怕吵醒了婴儿。for fear (that)“惟恐，以免”eg. I darent tell you what he did, for fear(that) he should be angry with me.我不敢把他所做的事告诉你，因为怕他对我发脾气。26. cruelty n.(1) U残忍，残酷(2) C残酷的行为，言语cruel adj.(1) 残忍的 an cruel act 残忍的行为 be cruel to 对残忍(2)令人痛苦的，悲惨的 a cruel sight 悲惨的景象, a cruel wind 无情的大风, a cruel disease 痛苦的疾病27. reward n. 报酬，奖
