1、新闻报道文体特征：根据西方新闻理论，通常由三部分组成。1.标题 (headline) 2.导语 (lead) 3.正文 (body)1. 结构特点：1）倒金字塔结构-倒叙法 ( the invented pyramid form) e.g. Five people died, two were missing and at least 18 were injured on Wednesday when an Italian patrol vessel collided with a dinghy filled with refugees crossing the Adriatic Sea fr
2、om Albania, authorities said. The victims were believed to be Albanians from either Albania or Kosovo, said authorities from Italys Tax Police Division, which, along with the coast guard, patrols the nations coast. The cause of the collision was not immediately known. Three Albanians believed to smu
3、ggle the refugees were arrested a few hours after the accident. Practice: (Unit 3 Sec. E)Directions: Listen to the following news recordings twice and list the main facts in the order they are presented.1. 1) A rebel mortar attack on a civilian area.2) The denial of rebel claims.3) Casualties on the
4、 part of the government troops.4) The governments claim to have thwarted a rebel attack on strategic areas.5) Victory claims made by the rebels.A.( ) B ( ) C ( ) D ( ) E ( )2. 1) A snowstorm hit Thursday.2) Casualties from the snowfall.3) A bad power cut in western New York.4) The intensity of the s
5、nowfall.A. ( ) B ( ) C ( ) D ( )3.1) A comparison of the shape of the new craft and that of earlier models. 2) The crafts name and mission.3) Difference between the new craft and the old shuttles.4) NASA offers a contract to Lockheed Martin for a new manned spacecraft.Tape script1. Sri Lankan offici
6、als say government forces have killed at least 40 Tamil Tigers and wounded 70 during a rebel attack on strategic areas in the countrys northeast. Military officials say 5 government troops were also killed in the fighting early today around the port of Trincomalee. The rebels say they overrun 4 mili
7、tary outposts, but authorities in Colombo say the rebels have made no territorial gains. Rebels also fired mortar shells into a civilian area in Muthur near Trincomalee, killing at least 2 civilians.2. Hundreds of thousands of people are still without electricity in western New York after a major sn
8、owstorm this week. It hit Thursday night and dropped as much as two feet of snow by the time it ended yesterday morning. It was the snowiest two days in Oct. in Buffalo since the National Western Service began keeping track 137 years ago. Authorities say three people died of weather-related causes.3
9、. The American space agency NASA has awarded a multi-billion dollar contract to a group led by Lockheed Martin to design and build the next generation of manned spacecraft. The craft called the Orion is indented to replace the aging fleet of space shuttles. Orions shape resembles the command modules
10、 of the Apollo spaceships from the sixties and seventies. Unlike the shuttle, it has no wings and will parachute back to earth at the end of each mission.2）时间顺序结构- ( chronological style)e.g. In southern Italy today, a nine-story apartment building collapsed before dawn. As many as ninety people were
11、 inside. Some people were rescued but many people were trapped in the rubbles and fourteen people are confirmed to be dead. 2. 句法特点：新闻报道一般采用结构简短的句子，但有时为了在一个句子中包尽可能多的新闻事实或信息，采用合并句子，因而也就出现了语法结构复杂、松散、冗长的句子。1）带分词结构的简单句e.g. 1. The US has designated thirty international groups as terrorist organizations,
12、barring them from receiving money, weapons or other support from US citizens. （2000 真题）2. Israeli troops reoccupied the West Bank city of Tulkarem, killing a Palestinian policeman and arresting 5 Islamic Jihad activists.3. The UN says its inspectors investigating Iraq nuclear chemical and biological
13、 weapons programs have obtained evidence that foreign suppliers deliberately violated international export controls. (历年真题）4. 4 gunmen attacked the American embassy in Damascus using weapons and explosives today. Syrian state television said that the attackers had tried to detonate a car bomb in fro
14、nt of the embassy but failed. (Unit 13 Sec. A- 6)5. Israel has expanded military operations in the Gaza Strip, moving tanks and bulldozers to the outskirts of Gaza City. (Unit 16 Sec. A- 1)2）复合句a. 含宾语从句的复合句。这类复合句大都是接在 say, tell, ask, report, quote, deny, confirm 等动词后面的间接引语，所表达的内容比较重要，许多对细节考查的题目就针对此内
15、容。e.g. 1. It is reported that most of the illegal traffic of goods is believed to be arriving in Serbia overland from Greece and former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia. (99真题）2. But they stressed more work must be done to settle their differences in military and politicalissues.3. Pakistani milita
16、ry officials say a roadside bomb has killed 2 soldiers and wounded another in a tribal region bordering Afghanistan.4. Israel said today that it holds the militant group Hamas responsible for Mondays Suicide bomb that killed 9 people in Tel Aviv.b. 含定语从句的复合句。此类句型通常结构复杂，信息量大， 是新闻听力的难点。平时报 刊阅读以及听力训练中注
17、意抓住句子的 core parts,即主、谓语或主、谓、宾语，在此基础上去理解附加部分（supplementary parts), 明确它们与主体部分之间的关系。e.g.1. Reports have said Russia is building bases in Siberia that would increase the number of medium-range missiles it could use against Asia or the Middle East.2. He (South African Foreign Minister Pik Botha) said the
18、 United States which is helping oversee the negotiations has a real chance to help reach an acceptable solution.3. Russia has deported a planeload of Georgians it accused of being illegal migrants, and continued a crackdown on Georgian-owned business. (Unit 1 Sec. A- 3)4. Although the spacecraft cre
19、ated a solid boom that can be heard along much Floridas eastern seaboard, witness on the ground could not see the orbiter until it was directly over the one-way lights. ( 2001 真题)3） 同位语1. The Western European Union, the defense organization linking most countries of the EuropeanCommunity, is meeting
20、 in Luxembourg to discuss ways to reinforce economic sanctions against the Serbs by tightening controls on the River Danube. ( 99 年真题）2. Israeli prosecutors are reviewing charges against Prime Minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, afterIsraeli police called off his indictment. ( 2000 年真题）3. Malaysian author
21、ities are discussing possible salvage efforts with Sun Cruisers, the Singaporeowner of a large liner, that sunk off Malaysia last week, a news report said yesterday. ( 2001 年真题）4. The bodies of dozens of African immigrants, discovered off the Italian coast last week, might have been thrown overboard
22、, an Italian official said on Monday. A coast-guard spokesman said fifteen illegal immigrants, all believed to come from Somalia, survived being thrown into the Mediterranean Sea.3. 词汇特点 新闻英语中词汇的运用有以下特点：1）地名、建筑物名称的借用e.g. the White House, the Pentagon, Foggy bottom (雾谷，华盛顿一地名，国务院所在地，指“国务院”)， Capitol
23、Hill， （国会山，指“美国国会” ）Oval Office（椭圆办公室，总统办公室，可指“总统职务”或“权利中心” ）Whitehall( 白厅，英国首相官邸，还可指“英国的政策”)，Downing Street 指“英国内阁”2）新词语a. 合成新词 e.g. Stagflation, hot-line, double-agent, soft-drug, hard-drug, visual-pollution, audience-ratio, bullet train, crib death.b. 派生词 e.g. Ecomenu, c. 新造词e.g. “stick and carro
24、t policy“, “shuttle diplomacy“, competitive products“, “one country, two systems“, “hacker“d. 旧词新义e.g. Dove, hawke. 长期使用的首字母缩略词成为新单词e.g. OPEC, ASEAN, NATO, UNESCO, NASA, ANZUS, 4. 常用缩略方式1. 标准缩略法：e.g. co. - company; ex. - example; ASAP - as soon as possible2. 保留第一音节： e.g. mem. - member; gov. - govern
25、ment; 3. 保留第一音节+第二音节或+其首字母：e.g. concen. - concentration; freq. - frequently4. 去掉原音: e.g. rdg. - reading; sm. - small5. + s 缩略（使名词成复数）e.g. eds. - editors; reps. - representatives6. + G 或 D（大写） 表时态 e.g. killing - kilG; voted - vtD7. + N 或 T （大写）表后缀 e.g. corruption - crpN; development - dvlpT8. 用数学符号e.
26、g. + 表示“多“: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.+(+2) 表示“多“的比较级：more+3 表示“多“的最高级：most 表示“少“: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc. 表示“ 错误“、 “失误“和“ 坏 “的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious ，negative, etc. 表示“多于“概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc
27、. 表示“高“ 概念： superior to，surpass, etc.30 yrbut voter 出 今尽 viol cast schtentmosq5. Campgn end Lib. 口s 1 st presi & cngrss elctn end/civil war .yListening Tips for news:1. Understanding the News LeadWhat is the lead? A lead is the first sentence of a news story. It should be a single paragraph consisti
28、ng of a single sentence of 30 or fewer words. It also sums up the most important “what” of the story as well as the “when” and “where” of the story. It includes the “who” of the story if there is one and sums up the “why” and how” of the story if theres a room. The leads first verb is critical.Sampl
29、e (99)About one hundred people are now known to have died in what have been described as the worst storms ever to hit the eastern US this country. The hurricane-force winds first struck the Gulf of Mexico and have now spread across the Canadian border, continuing to bring reckless snowfalls, severe
30、flooding, and causing millions of dollars in damage. All major airports have now reopened and airlines are beginning to cope with a backlog of thousands of stranded passengers. The storm also paralyzed areas of Cuba, where several people were killed and property and crops destroyed. Lead sentence Mo
31、st significant aspect of the story and essential information such as the what, where, when and who MiddleDevelop story with more information explaining why and how. Direct or partial quotes are often adopted. Tag line (收尾语)Least essential information, such as background information on the people or
32、institutions involved.2. The Inverted-Pyramid StructurePyramid pattern: introduction-development-climax-conclusionBut in the inverted-pyramid structure, the news stories usually begin with the most interesting piece of information or a summary of the highlights, and then work their way down to the l
33、east interesting facts. In the usual three components of a news story, that is the lead, the middle and the tag line, the information presented declines in terms of importance.Word bank and proper names MoldovanPoll 1.民意调查 , 民意调查的结果 2.投票选举 3.投票数Destabilize 破坏政府的稳定 Sample:Interfax News Agency reports
34、 Moldovan authorities will deport about 100 Russians who identified themselves as poll observers arriving to monitor Sundays election in Moldovan. The agency quotes one Moldovan official as saying there are reports some Russians are seeking to destabilize Moldovan ahead of the vote. Voters in Moldov
35、an go to polls Sunday to choose a new parliament. Inverted-Pyramid StructureEvent: deportation of Russian poll observersSource: a Moldovan officialReason: destabilization attempts Election Type: parliamentaryDate: Sunday3. Parsing Complex sentencesParsing is a very important step in news comprehensi
36、on. It turns the outcome of speech perception, that is, individual words, into meaningful syntactic segments. In other words, parsing is the process of understanding the syntactic structure of sentences. Since news reports usually consist of long and complex sentences, news listening is found more demanding than regular listening tasks.
