1、在复合句中充当同位语的名词性从句称为同位语从句定义：同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句 、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句) 中的主要从句之一，从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语) 的实际内容，它的作用相当于名词，对前面的名词(短语) 加以补充说明或进一步解释，相当于一个表语从句，它们之间的关系是同位关系，即主表关系。位置： 限定词后面作用：修饰 说明 限定先行词,说明该名词的具体内容本质：名词性从句（担任名词或者名词性短语功能的句子叫做名词性从句）相当于： 名词常用引导词： that whether （只有连接作用，不担任句子成分） Where（担任）when （担任）How Who （担任主
2、宾表定）What（担任主宾表定）Whose（担任主宾表定）绝对不能用的： if which 同位语从句表：常常来修饰说明的先行词：一般为抽象名词，如 news, fact, idea, promise, question, doubt, thought ,hope, message, suggestion, words, possibility 等。一般结构： 主语 +谓语+ 名词宾语（先行词）+ 引导词引导的同位语从句。以上的引导词各举例子：1. 你认为不动脑筋就能做好这件工作的想法是完全错误的（that）The idea that you can do this work well wit
3、hout thinking is quite wrong 备注： that 不可以省略 不担任成分2 他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题（whether ）He must answer the question whether he agree to it or not （不担任成分）3 我不知道她穿几号的鞋(what)I have no idea what size shoes she wears （担任定语）4 谁将代替他的位置这个还不好说（who ） The question who will take his place is still not clear （主语）5 到哪儿去度暑假，
4、这个问题我们还没有决定。(where)We have not yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation （状语）6 我们还没有决定什么时候出发 (when) We have not answer the question when we will set out ? （状语）7 如何写一本书的问题还没有解决（状语）We have not settled the problem how to write a book （状语）定语从句定义：语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中
5、做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。位置： 先行词后面作用：修饰 相当于： adj 本质：形容词性从句常用引导词：连词 that关系代词 which （不但连接 而且担任成分）whom（主宾表定） Who （主宾表定）As(状) whose （主宾表定）关系副词 Where（状 when （状） How （状） why （状）whose （主宾表定）绝对不能用的： what 常常来修饰说明的先行词：一般为名词或者代词。一般规则：1 人（who, whom ,that , 作宾语时候可省略）2 物体（t
6、hat ,which,宾语可省）3 关系代词充当主宾表结构，做宾语时引导词可省略。关系副词为状语成分4 关系副词，when where why 可以用 on which , in which, for which 替换以上的引导词各举例子：1 the girl who / that is standing there is mary (主) 2the man who/whom/that my mother saw in the street is my teacher(宾语，宾语可以省略)3 the book which /that tells us about earth is intere
7、sting (物，主)4the building which/that she referred to is beautiful(物，宾，省)5she lives in the big house whose windows face south ( 什么的，物，定)6the company will employ a person whose English is good (人，定)7 I will never forget the day when I joined the army (时间状， on which)8 I will not forget the factory where
8、 my father worked (地点状 in which)9 tell me the reason why you came late (原因状 for which )特殊用法：1 all, much ,little ,few ,none,something,anything,everything,nothing 后只用 that ,不用 whichAll that can be done has been done She has something that you can borrowThere is little you can do to help me 2 all， ever
9、y， no， some， any， little， much +先行词 后面只能用 that I have read all the books that you gave me 3 先行词是序数词或者形容词最高级 +先行词 后面只能用 that This is the first composition that he has written The best novel that I have ever read 4 the only ， the very，the last+先行词+只能用 that Flow the only one that I love best It is the
10、Very book that I want to find 5 先行词是 who which what 引导的句子时， 只能用 that Who is the person that standing at the gate?What that is on the table belongs to me 6 句子中 2 个或者 2 个以上表示人和物的先行词时，只用 that ,不用 who whom whichHe talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited 7 关系代词在从句中做表语时候，用 that Mary is n
11、o longer the girl that she used to be 关系代词 as the same as ,such as, as as , so as 常采用省略形式I have the same book as you（ have）Take as many as you want He is of the same age as you are This is such a book as was given to me 限制性从句 ，连接紧密，省去不完整非限制性定从，不能用 that , 指出Which 不用 that 1 非限制性定语从句 指物时候或者整个句子Bruce we
12、nt toward the fire, which was still smiking He came late again, which made the teacher angry 2 先行词在从句中做介词的宾语且介词前置This is the house in which luxun lived Which luxun lived in Where luxun lived 关系副词 when why where 可以用 on which, in which, for which 替换As 引导句首句末都可Which 只在句末必须记住的规则： 1 指人 whom and who 2 指物 which 3 人物都可用 that
