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1、专四的动词句型专题语法归纳1.英语的基本句型语言是千变万化的,要掌握语言,必须掌握语言的核心。动词句型可说是语言的核心,是骨干。英语的五种基本句型:(1)主语+不及物动词Everybody smiled.(2)主语+ 及物动词 +宾语:He knows everything.(3)主语+ 双宾动词 +间接宾语+直接宾语:I showed him my passport.(4)主语+ 及物动词 +宾语+宾语补语:What made you angry?2. 动词、动词短语和成语动词1)担任谓语的可以是一个单一的动词:Who knows?2)也可以是一个动词短语(Verbal Phrase):I

2、have been reading(a novel).3)也可以是成语动词(Phrasal Verb ):Janes looking after the children.因此谈到动词时就有这三种可能。3.第一类句型-主语+不及物动词主语 +不及物动词( 1)The sun is rising.主语 +不及物动词 +状语( 2)Did you sleep well?主语 +不及物动词 +副词(构成成语动词) ( 3)The economic crisis broke out first in the United State.主语 +不及物动词(有被动意思)The door blew open

3、.第二类句型- 主语+及物动词+ 宾语主语 +及物动词 +名词(代词) ( 5)1) “主+谓+ 宾 ”可能是英语中最常见的句型,在多数情况下宾语有名词或代词表示:Do you know these people?2)有些动词和名词构成一种习惯用语(I 地欧盟) ,有特别的意思:Dont catch cold.主语 +及物动词 +自身代词 (6)1)大量动词可以用自身代词作宾语:I cant express myself in English.2)“动词 +自身代词”可构成固定词组:Dont overwork yourself.3)有些动词后可跟自身代词,也可以不跟:Go and wash y

4、ourself, Tom.主语 +动词 +同源宾语( 7)有些动词为不及物动词,都可用一个与同源的名词构成宾语,这种宾语称为同源宾语(Cognate Object):Alice laughed a scornful laugh. 主语 +成语动词 +宾语成语动词大体上有下面六类;1) 及物动词+副词(8):He handed in his resignation this morning.这类句子也可用于被动结构:The meeting has been put off.2)不及物动词+介词(9):We must abide by the rules of the game.个别这种动词也可用

5、于被动结构:The boy was looked after by her little sister.3)不及物动词+介词+ 名词( 10):Thus the first workers league came into being.在这类结构中虽然介词后有宾语,但整个成语却接近于一个不及物动词,后面没有句子宾语,为了方便列在这里,放在 13.2.3 节后也可以。4)不及物动词+副词+ 介词( 11):We shouldnt look down on this work.5)及物动词 +名词+介词(12):Pay attention to your grammar.这类成语动词也用语被动结构

6、:Preparations are being made for the sports meet.6)及物动词 +自身代词+介词(13):Finally he avenged himself on the enemy.主语 +及物动词 +不定式(作宾语)1)有大量及物动词可以跟不定式作宾语(14):Someone is asking to see you.2)有些动词后可用连接副词(代词)和不定式一道构成宾语:(15)You must learn when to give advice and when to be silent.主语 +及物动词 +动名词(作宾语) ( 16)Would yo

7、u mind waiting a few minutes?主语 +及物动词 +that 引导的从句(作宾语) ( 17)1)有大量动词可以跟 that 引导的从句作宾语(that 有时可以省略):I guess well leave now.关于那些动词后可跟这种成分作宾语,可参阅第 18.2.1 节。2)在某些动词后,从句中谓语(在美国)用动词原型,在英国多用“should+动词原形”构成谓语(用动词原形的人也不少):She insisted that I (should) present.主语 +及物动词 +连接副(代)词引导的宾语从句:1)有不少动词后面可跟连接副(代)词引导的宾语从句:

8、I didnt know where they had gone.2) 有些宾语从句由关系代词型的 what 及 whatever 这类词引导(19)Ill tell you what I hear.第三类句型-主语+ 双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语主语 +双宾动词 +名词或代词 +名词( 20)这类句型主要有三种:1)某些动词引导的间接宾语可改为 to 引导的短语:She gave me her telephone number.2)某些动词引起间接宾语可改为由 for 引导的短语:Ill make you some fresh tea.3)有些动词后的间接宾语不能改为 to 或 for 引导

9、的短语:She flung him a scornful look(a scornful look at him).主语 +双宾动词 +名词或代词 +从句1)这类句子中的从句多数由 that 引导(that 有时省略) (21):Tell him Im out.2)也有些从句由连接副词(代词)或连词 whether( if)引导(22):I cant tell you how pleased I am to be here tonight.3)有时从句也可以由关系代词型的 what 或 whatever 引导(23):Show me what you bought.第四类句型主语+系动词+表语

10、主语 +系动词 +形容词( 24)这是最常见的句型之一,共有下面几种情况:1)有些系动词表示处于某种状态:She felt a bit dizzy.2)有些系动词表示状态的改变或证明如何:Gradually he became silent.3)有些系动词表示状态的继续:She remained comparatively calm.4)有些系动词后面可跟现在分词(a)或过去分词(b) (其中很多已变成形容词):a. This food looks inviting.b. She always seems pleased, happy and contented.5)在个别不及物动词后也可跟一

11、形容词做表语:The prisoner broke free.这类表语接近于一个状语。主语 +系动词 +名词(代词) ( 25)1)有许多系动词后面可跟名词(代词)作表语:That girl is my fiance.2)有少数其他动词后面也可跟名词做表语:He died a martyr at his post.3)有些名词可做表语,意思接近于形容词:He was all attention(sweetness).主语 +系动词 +副词( 26)1)动词 be 可跟许多副词做表语:Is Helen in?2)还有少数其它系动词也可以这样用:I feel down today.主语 +系动词

12、+介词短语( 27)1)大部分介词都可引导短语做表语:I want to consult you. Its about my boy.2) 一些其他系动词也可跟这种表语:They remained in sad poverty.3) 这类结构后可能还跟另一个介词短语:He is in charge of the trade union work.主语 +系动词 +不定式( 28)1) 有时可用不定式作表语:His plan is to keep the affair secret.2) 不定式有时需用被动形式:These books are to be read for pleasure.主语

13、 +系动词 +动名词( 29)1) 系动词 be 后面有时可跟动名词作表语:Her hobby is collecting stamps.2) 有时这样和表语都是动名词: Buying such a white elephant is simply wasting money.主语 +系动词 +从句1) 最常见的这类表语时 that 引导的从句(that 有时省略) (30)Their first idea was that he had hidden it.2) 有些作表语的从句由连接代词(副词)引导(31): The question is what you want to do.3) 从

14、句有的关系代词型的 what 引导(32):Thats what I wish to do.主语 +系动词 +形容词 +介词短语( 33)1) 这种结构时非常多的, “be+形容词+介词”已成为习惯用语,相当于一个及物动词:She was afraid of (=feared) snakes.2) 一些其他系动词也可用于这类结构:She looked astonished at the news.主语 +系动词 +形容词 +不定式( 34)Im glad to have the opportunity of talking to you.主语 +系动词 +形容词 +从句1) 这类结构用 tha

15、t 引导的从句时较多( that 有时省略) (35):Im afraid there is some sort of misunderstanding.2) 有时从句由连接代(副)词引导(36):Were not clear yet what theyre up to.第五类句型主语+及物动词+复合宾语主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +形容词(作补语) ( 37)1) 这类句子很多,最常用的跟复合宾语的动词He found his new job rather boring.2) 有时可用 it 作形式上的宾语,而把真正的宾语放后面去,构成复合宾语的可以是不定式(a)或是从句(b):a. I fe

16、lt it necessary to make everything clear.b. Germany made it clear that she would support OPEC.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +名词(作补语) ( 38)1) 这种结构也相当多: They called their daughter Mary.They named the city Leningrad.2) 这类动词后也可用先行词 it 作形式上的宾语,而把真正的宾语放到句子的后部去:He felt it his duty to mention this to her.3) 这类句子也常可用于被动结构(后面

17、部分可说是复合谓语):This is called numerical control.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +介词短语(作补语) ( 39)1) 这类句子中的介词短语为宾语的补语,和宾语一起构成复合宾语,不少动词后可跟这类结构:I found her in better spirits when we met again.2) 这类句子也可用于被动结构,下面斜体部分可说是复合谓语:The thief was found in possession of a large quantity of stolen property.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +副词(作补语) ( 40)1) 有些

18、动词后的可跟带副词的复合宾语:Im having some friends over for bridge tomorrow.2) 这种结构有时也可用于被动形式,斜体部分可说是复合宾语: My bag has been left behind.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +不定式(作补语) ( 41)1) 有大量动词可跟这种复合结构:What do you advise me to do?2) 在某些动词后,这类不定式只限于用 to be 这种形式(a),但可用其他动词不定式的完成形式或进行形式(b):a. We thought him to be an honest man.b. He bel

19、ieved them to have discussed the problem.3) 这类句子也常可用于被动结构,这时句中可说包含了一个复合谓语: They were not allowed to see him.4) 个别成语动词后可跟这类复合宾语:He called on jack to answer the difficult question.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +不带 to 的不定式(作补语) ( 42):1) 有些动词后面的复合宾语中包含一个不带 to 的不定式:What makes you tremble so?2) 在被动结构中不定式一概带有 to:He was mad

20、e to recite the whole poem.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +现在分词(作补语) ( 43)1) 有些动词后面可跟带现在分词的复合结构:He found Helen knitting there.2) 这类句子有时也可用于被动结构:Voices were heard calling for help.主语 +及物动词 +宾语 +过去分词(作补语) ( 44)1) 有些动词可跟带过去分词的复合宾语:I have heard it said that he is a miser.2) 其中有少数可用于被动结构:Jones was found shot in the head.模

21、拟题1It is very clear that the governments aid will_ the poor from poverty.(MODEL TEST SIX 54.) A. contribute to freeing B. be contributed to free C. contribute to free D. be contributed to freeing译文:很显然政府的资助将会使穷人摆脱贫困。【解析】答案 A。 Contribute to 意为“有助于,促成” ,to 是介词,所以后面应接名词或动名词。B 选项多了 be,变为被动,但是题目中 governm

22、ents aid 是主动的。C 不符合 contribute to doing 动词词组,D 选项多了 be,变为被动,但是题目中 governments aid 是主动的。2Jason_ up a textile mill near the upper reaches.(MODEL TEST ONE 63.)A. objected to set B. objected setting C. opposed to set D. objected to setting译文:Jason 反对在上游附近建造纺织厂。【解析】答案 D。 Object to sth./doing sth. 为固定用法。O

23、ppose 的用法为 be opposed to sth./ doing sth.。 A 不符合 Object to sth./doing sth., “set”应该为“setting”。B 少了介词to。C 少了“be”,不符合 be opposed to sth./ doing sth.。3Much of the boys free time_ the Internet.(MODEL TEST TWO 57.)A. spends surfing B. is spent surfing C. spent surfing D is spent to surf译文:这个男孩的大部分时间都花在上网

24、上了。【解析】答案 B。本句的主语是 Much of the boys free time,动词为 spend,所以要用被动语态,表示花时间做某事,用 spend time(in ) doing sth. 结构。A 为主动语态,但是题目中时间是被花,应该用被动。C 少了表被动的“is” 。D 不符合 spend time(in ) doing sth. 结构。4Under no circumstances _ to London for the holiday.(MODEL TEST FOUR 52.)A. we can consider to go B. can we consider to

25、 have goneC. we can consider going D. can we consider going译文:任何情况下,我们都不会考虑去伦敦度假。【解析】答案 D。由于短语 under (in)no circumstances 位于句首,要引起部分倒装,首先排除 A 和 C;由于 consider doing/ sb. to do sth. ,所以排除 B。5The International Law of the Sea Conference is an attempt_ major differences among countries with conflicting i

26、nterests.(MODEL TEST TEN 65.)A. resolving B. to resolve C. having resolved D. to have resolved译文:国际法海洋会议试图解决有利益冲突的国家间的利益纷争。【解析】答案 B。Attempt 要求与动词不定式搭配,表示“有企图” ,故排除 A 和 C。D 用动词不定时完成时,表示已经完成的动作,而句中要求的是一般性动作,用一般现在时,所以答案为 B。6The students expected there _ more reviewing classes before the final exams. (M

27、odel Test 2 for English Majors- Grade Four 14)A. to be B. being C. have been D. is译文:同学们希望在期末考试前有更多的复习课。【解析】答案 A。Expect 后接不定式做其宾语。B 选项 there being 为主语;C 无此用法;D 选项“there is ”为完整句子,不可做 expect 的宾语。7Their coach appeared _ with our teams performance. (Model Test 3 59.) A. satisfying B. to be satisfying C

28、. to satisfy D. satisfied译文:他们的教练对我们队的表现感到满意。【解析】答案 D,过去分词作表语。A 选项 satisfying 不是人做主语表示感到满意的。B 选项 appear to be 为不定式,后接 satisfied。C 选项无此用法,后不接with。8I am not used _ to like that. (Model Test 3 63.) A. to speak B. being spoken C. to speaking D. to being spoken译文:我不习惯于(别人)像那样和我说话。【解析】答案 D,to used to doin

29、g sth. / sth. 固定搭配,表示习惯于什么。 A 选项“speak”应为“speaking”而且题目中有“to”可知为被动语态,是被说;B选项 少了“to”;C 选项也不是被动,无法跟题目中的“to”连接。9She resorted to when she had no money to buy foods for her children.(Model Test 6 9.)A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing译文:当她没有钱给她的孩子们买食物的时候,她常去偷窃。【解析】答案 D。resort to 中的 to 为介词,后接-ing

30、 形式。ABC 选项均不符合此动词句型。10The boy has admitted to the window while playing football yesterday. (Model Test 6 10.)A. breaking B. having been broken C. break D. be breaking译文:这男孩承认昨天踢球的时候打破了玻璃。【解析】正确答案为 A。admit to 中的 to 为介词,后接-ing 形式。B 为被动,形式不对。C、D 不符合 admit to doing 形式。11I beg tomorrows meeting. (Model T

31、est 7 2.)A. to be excused to attend B. to be excused from attendC. to be excused from attending D. to excuse from attending译文:我祈求能够不参与明天的会议。【解析】正确答案为 C。首先可排除 D. excuse from 使 免除,不强求,from 为介词,后接-ing 形式。所以 A、B 都不正确。12Some economists recommend in large quantities. (Model Test 7 9.)A. to buy basical foo

32、d items B. buying basic items of the foodC. buying basic food items D. to buy basic food items【译文】一些经济学家建议我们批量购买日常食品。【解析】正确答案为 C。recommend doing/ recommend sb. to do, 此处可排除 A, D, f ood items 为习惯表达方式。所以,选项 C 为正确答案。13Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always with other elements, mo

33、st commonly with oxygen. (Model Test 8 1.)A. being combined B. having combined C. to combine D. combined【译文】自由态的铝在自然界中不存在是因为它一般都和其他物质(最常见是氧)结合在一起。【解析】答案 A 。owing to 中的 to 为介词,后接-ing 形式,且为被动形式。B、C、D 都不是被动形式。故选项 A 正确。14While being questioned on the court, the man denied _the old ladys necklace. (Model

34、 Test 10 44.)A. having taken B. taking C. to have taken D. to take【译文】当被在法庭上质问时,他否认偷了那位老妇人的项链。【解析】正确答案为 A。deny 后接动名词,因为动作发生在过去,所以选项 A动名词的完成式正确。B、D 时态不对。C 不符合 deny doing 的形式。15. Mary should know better than _ her little brother at home by himself. (Model Test 2, 11)A. to leave B. leaving C. to have l

35、eft D. left【译文】玛丽应该知道她不该把她年幼的弟弟一个人留在家里。【解析】答案(A) ,to know better than to do sth. 为固定用法句型,意为“应该知道不该做某事” 。16. How close parents are to their children _ a strong influence on the character of the children. (Model Test 3, 62)A. has B. have C. having D. to have【译文】父母与孩子多接近直接影响孩子的性格。【解析】答案(A) ,how 引导的主语从句

36、,其谓语是单数,所以选(A) 。17. She resorted to when she had no money to buy foods for her children. (Model Test 6, 69)A. have stolen B. steal C. stole D. stealing【译文】当她没钱给孩子们买吃的时,她选择了偷窃。【解析】答案(D). resort to 中的 to 为介词,后接-ing 形式。18. The boy has admitted to the window while playing football yesterday.(Model Test

37、6, 70)A. breaking B. having been broken C. break D. be breaking【译文】那个男孩承认了自己昨天踢足球时踢碎了窗玻璃。【解析】答案(A). admit to 中的 to 为介词, 后接-ing 形式。选项为被动 形式不对。因此,选项 A 正确。19. I beg tomorrows meeting. (Model Test 7, 52)A. to be excused to attend B. to be excused from attendC. to be excused from attending D. to excuse f

38、rom attending【译文】我请求被允许不参加明天的会议。【解析】 答案(C). 首先是被免除,可排除 D. excuse from 使 免除,不强求,from 为介词,后接 -ing 形式。因此,C 正确。20. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when alone. (Model Test 7, 64)A. seen B. is seen C. to be seen D. having been seen【译文】有些东西一经对比,比单独看要漂亮。【解析】答案(A). when 后省略了主语和部分

39、谓语 it is,表被动。21. It to see so many children in that mountainous area cannot even afford elementary education. (Model Test 8, 61)A. pains her B. makes her pain C. is paining D. is pained【译文】看到那些山里孩子连基础教育都负担不起,她感到很痛心。【解析】答案(A). 此句的真正主语为 to see 不定式短语, A 中的 pain 为及物动词;B 中 pain 无此用法。23. The flats I have

40、looked at so far were too expensive. So Im better off where I am. (Model Test 8, 73)A. stay B. staying C. to stay D. stayed【译文】到目前为止我看过的公寓都太贵了。所以我还是住在原来的地方好。【解析】答案(B). to be better off.生活情況更好,更富裕, 后接动词的-Ing 形式例如:Things are so expensive in Taipei that Ill be better off living in the country with my p

41、arents.台北的物价这么高,要是我和父母亲住在乡下应该好过一点.24. Bills English teacher recommends that he_ a regular degree program. (Model Test 9, 61)A. begin B. begins C. will begin D. is beginning 【译文】比尔的英文老师建议他应该开展一个常规程度的项目。【解析】答案(A)在表示命令、请求、建议等动词后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用“should+ 动词原形”, should 常省略。真题1The meeting was put off because w

42、e _ a meeting without John. (2005 真题 62.)A. objected having B. were objected to having C. objected to have D. objected to having【译文】会议延期了,因为我们反对在约翰缺席的情况下开会。【解析】答案 D。Object to doing 这个固定词组中 to 是介词,后边要跟动名词,表示“反对” 。A 少了介词 to,B 为被动语态,但是题目中我们反对是主动式的,C 不符合 Object to doing 这个固定词组。2. The Minister of Finance

43、 is believed _ of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue. (2004 年真题 48)A. that he is thinking B. to be thinking C. that he is to think D. to think【译文】人们认为财政部长正在考虑通过征收新税来增加政府的额外岁入。【解析】答案(B)。用动词不定式的现在进行时:to be doing,意为“正在考虑”。一般被动态动词后跟不定式。总结:在动词句型中,1. 有些动词可以直接带不定式,不可直接带-ing 分词。这类动词有:agree, aim, appl

44、y, arrange, choose, claim. Decide, demand ,desire, determine, endeavour, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pledge, prepare, pretend, profess, promise, effuse, resolve, seek, swear, threaten, undertake, venture, volunteer, vow 等。2. 有些动词必须先带宾语,然后带不定式,不能直接带不定式。(1) see, hear, watch, feel 等表示感觉的动词(2) h

45、ave, let, make, get 等表示“致使”的动词(3) arrange for, ask for, rely on 等动词词组(4) consider, declare, find, prove, think, believe, discover, feel ,imagine, judge, suppose, understand 等表示心理状态的动词(5) advise, allow, forbid, permit , recommend , require, urge 等表示“劝告” 、“允许” 、 “禁止”等动词(6) 这一类动词如 ask, cant bear, hate, intend, like, prefer 等,既可以直接带不定式,也可以带宾语+不定式

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