1、指示代词：表示“那个“、“这个“、“这些“、“那些“等指示概念的代词。指示代词有this，that，these，those 等。说明 1：指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其他句子成分时只能指物，不能指人，例如：(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。 （ that 作主语，指人） (对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。 （this 作限定词）(错)He is going to marry this. （this 作宾语时不能指人）(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this 指物，可作宾语)说明 2：Th
2、at 和 those 可作定语从句的先行词，但 this 和 these 不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有 those 可指人，试比较：(对) He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。(对) He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。 （those 指人）(错) He admired that who danced well. （that 作宾语时不能指人）(对) He admired those who danced well. 他赞赏跳舞好的人。 （those 指人）(对
3、) He admired those which looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those 指物）( ) 1 Whos that at the door? _ is the postman.A. She B. This C. It D. He( ) 2 -Whos that in the picture? A. Its me B. Thats I C. This is a boy D. Its I( ) 3 -Look, who is coming? -_ must be our English teacher.A. She B. He C. It D. Th
4、is( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can_ be?A. one B. he C. she D. it( )5_ was late summer and the weather was very hot. A. That B. It C. This D. Its( ) 6. What time is _ now?A it B. all C. this D: that( ) 7._ a heavy rain last night.A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is( ) 8. _
5、is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.A. There B. It C. This D. The place8、不定代词：代替或修饰不特指的人或事物的代词叫不定代词。单数含义/ /eacheveryoneEithereithersothe other,another不可数含义muchLittle,a little/ / /复数含义someanynononemanyfew,a fewallones both/others,the others 注：复合不定代词有 12 个：somet
6、hing(某事), someone(某人), somebody(某人), anything(任何事 ), anyone(任何人), anybody(任何人), nothing(没事),nobody(没有人), no one(没有人), everything(一切), everyone(每个人), everybody(每个人). (1)some 和 any 的用法：some 一般用于肯定句中,意思是“几个” 、 “一些” 、 “某个”作定语时可修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如：I have some work to do today. (今天我有些事情要做)/ They will go there
7、some day.(他们有朝一日会去那儿) some 用于疑问句时,表示建议、请求或希望得到肯定回答。如：Would you like some coffee with sugar?(你要加糖的咖啡吗？)any 一般用于疑问句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些” 、 “任何一个”,作定语时可修饰可数或不可数名词。如：They didnt have any friends here. (他们在这里没有朋友 )/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有问题要问吗？)any 用于肯定句时 ,意思是 “任何的” 。Come here with any friend.(随便
8、带什么朋友来吧。)(2)no 和 none 的用法：no 是形容词,只能作定语表示,意思是“没有”,修饰可数名词(单数或复数)或不可数名词。如：There is no time left. Please hurry up.(没有时间了,请快点) / They had no reading books to lend.(他们没有阅读用书可以出借)none 只能独立使用,在句子中可作主语、宾语和表语,意思是“没有一个人(或事物)”, 表示复数或单数。如：None of them is/are in the classroom.(他们当中没有一个在教室里) / I have many books,
9、but none is interesting.(我有很多的书,但没有一本是有趣的) (3)all 和 both 的用法：all 指三者或三者以上的人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词；也可用来代替或修饰不可数名词。both 指两个人或物,用来代替或修饰可数名词。all 和 both 在句子中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。如：I know all of the four British students in their school.(他们学校里四个英国学生我全认识) / -Would you like this one or that one? Both.(你要这个还是那个？两个都要。)all 和
10、 both 既可以修饰名词(all/both+(the)+名词),也可以独立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名词(复数)”的形式,其中的 of 可以省略。如：All (of) (the) boys are naughty.(是男孩都调皮)(4)every 和 each 用法：every 是形容词,只能作定语修饰单数名词,意思是“每一个”,表示整体概念；each 是形容词、代词,可用作主语、宾语、定语等,意思是“每个”或者“各个”,表示单个概念；each 可以放在名词前,可以后跟 of 短语,与动词同时出现时要放在“be 动词、助动词、情态动词”之后或者行为动词之前every
11、和 each 都用作单数理解,但是下文中既可以用单数的代词(如he/him/his)也可以用复数的代词(如 they/them/their)替代。如：Every one of the students in his class studies very hard.(他班上每个学生学习都很用功) / They are very busy. Each of them has something to do.(他们很忙,人人都有事干) (5)either 和 neither 的用法：either 意思是“两个中间的任何一个” ；neither 是 either 的否定形式,意思是“两个都不” 。ne
12、ither 和 either 在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语等,都用作单数。如：I dont care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,两个之中随便哪个都行) / -Will you go there by bus or by car? Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公车去还是坐轿车去？一个都不坐,我坐火车去。)(6)other、the other 和 another 的用法：other 意思是“另一” 、 “另一些”,有复数形式。在句子中可作主语、宾语和定语。a
13、nother 意思是“另外” 、 “又一个”,表示增加,在句中可作宾语和定语。如：Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大苹果树下唱歌,别的就躺在草地上说话) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已经吃了好几块饼子了,你真的还要一块？) / I want another four books.(我还要四本书)another(另外的,再一,又一)与 t
14、he other(另外的一个) 主要从数量上区分,只有两个时用 the other,在原先基础上增加用 another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is the other one?(这是你的一只袜子,还有一只呢？) / I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已经吃了 4 块蛋糕,但是我还要以块。)others 与 the others 的主要区别：others 指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others 指“其余的人 /物”,(指全部)。如： A few students are
15、 playing soccer while others are watching them.(有几个学生在踢足球,其他一些人在观看) / Two of the ten boys are standing and the others are sitting round them.(十个男孩中有两个站着,其他人都围着他们坐着。)(7)many 和 much 的用法：many 意思是“很多”,与可数名词复数连用；much 意思是“很多”,与不可数名词连用。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语等。如：I dont have many friends here.(在这里我没有很多的朋友。 ) /Many
16、died in the bus accident.(许多人在公交车祸中丧失) / We can learn much with the help of him.(在他的帮助之下我们能学到很多) many 和 much 一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用 a lot of 或者 lots of; many / much 用于肯定句时可以在前面加上 so、very 或 too.如： There are a lot of people on the playground.(操场上有许多的人)/ They havent got much work to do.(他们没有多少事情可做) / There ar
17、e too many people in the room.(房间里人太多了。)(8)few、little、a few、a little 的用法：few、little 意思是“很少几个” 、 “几乎没有”,有否定的意思,a few、a little 意思是“有几个” 、 “有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few 与可数名词连用或代替可数的事物, little、a little 与不可数名词连用或代替不可数的事物。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。如：He is very poor and he has little money.(他很穷,几乎没有什么钱。) / Dont worry. The
18、re is still a little time left.(别着急,还有一点儿时间呢。) / In that polar region there live few people.(在那个极地地区几乎不住人) / You can get a few sweets from him.(你可以从他那儿弄到一些糖果)(9)复合不定代词 somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody 等是由 some , any ,no ,every, 加上 body, thing 构成的,叫做复合不定代词,在句子中当单数使用。someb
19、ody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything, anybody,anyone 一般用于疑问句、否定句和条件状语从句中。修饰复合不定代词的定语,应放在它们的后面。如：Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,丽丽,门外有人。) /Di(每个人)d you meet anyone when you came to school last Sunday?(上个星期天你来学校时见到什么人了吗？)/He has nothing much to do today.(他今天没有多少事情做)(10)one 与 ones
20、用来代替上文的一个或多个人或事物,前面可以加冠词、形容词、指示代词、which 等。如： Which jacket would you like, this one or that one?(你要哪件夹克,这件还是那件？ / I dont like the green ones.(我不喜欢绿色的那些)(11)so 可以代替一件事情,作句子的宾语或表语。如： I dont think so.(我认为不是这样的。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丢失了一本书,我也是。) (12)a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers o
21、f)、a great deal of、plenty of 的区别：五个 “名词+介词” 短语都表示“大量,许多”,a lot of(或 lots of)既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式,可以相应地换为 much 和 many；plenty of“足够、大量”,既可以修饰不可数名词也可以修饰可数名词的复数形式。 a number of / large numbers of 只可以修饰可数名词复数形式 (它修饰的词作主语时谓语用复数形式)可以换为 some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of 只可以修饰不可数名词 (它修饰的词作主语时谓
22、语用单数形式)可以换为 much。如：A lot of people think that time is money.(许多的人认为时间就是金钱。) / I dont have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of time.(我用不着赶忙 ,因为我有充足的时间。) / I have a number of letters to write today.(今天我有好多信要写) / I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping.(在购物方面我花费了大量的时间/金钱。)(13)none、no on
23、e、nobody 的区别：no one 和 nobody 都表示“没有人”,仅指人,后面不跟 of 短语 ,作主语时谓语用单数形式； none 表示“没有一个人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟 of 短语,作主语时谓语可用单数也可用复数。如：No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(没有人知道他是怎样搞到那张票的) / Nobody handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday.(昨天没有一个人交作文。) / None of my friends came to see me that day.(
24、那天没有一个朋友来看我。)9、相互代词：表示相互关系的词叫相互代词。each other ,one another 是相互代词,译成“互相”,可以通用。each other 表示两者之间,而 one anther 表示许多人之间。它们有所有格形式each others ,one anothers。如： We must help each other when we are in trouble.(我们身处困境时要互相帮助。) / They sat there without talking to one another / each other.(他们坐在那儿,互相都不说话。)( ) 1. H
25、e and she are exactly as tall as_.A. themselves B. them C. their D. each other( ) 2. People usually put small presents in _ stocking on Christmas Eve. A. each other B. each others C. each others D. each others( ) 3. The students often help_.A. one the other B. each the other C. one another D. two an
26、other( ) 4.There are shops on _ side of the street._ of them do not close till 12 at night.A. both; All B. every; None C. either; Some D. other; Many( ) 5 .The boy runs faster than_ in his class.,A. any of the boy B. any boys C. any other boy D. all the boys( ) 6 .Tom is stronger than _ in his class
27、.A. any students B. other student C. any other student D. any other students( ) 7. There is not _ meat in my bowl. There is _ chicken in it.A. some; any B. any; some C. any; any D. some; some( ) 8. -I have forgotten my bread.-Never mind, you can have_.A. some of us B. some of our C. some of ours D.
28、many of ours( ) 9 .-Is there _ tea in that green cup?-Yes, there is_.A. the; some B. any; any C. some; any D. any; some( ) 10. Could you do_for me, please?A.everythingB.nothing C. something D. anything( )11. The bottle is empty. There is_ in it.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything( ) 12
29、. -Turn off the TV, Betty. _ is watching it.-Oh, no. Mum. Im watching it now. A. somebody B. Nobody C. Everybody D. Anybody( ) 13. -Did you find _ in the room?-No, we found _ there.A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody( ) 14. I have a lot of work to do.
30、 1 have_ time to play.A. not B. any C. no D. some( ) 15 .As we know, he is_fool.A. not B. no a C. not an D. no( ) 16 .I asked him for some oil, but he hadnt _.A. some B. any C. anything D. no( ) 17. _ of the four roads will take you to the hospital.A. Neither B. Either C. Both D. Any( ) 18. Would yo
31、u lend me of your money? “ A. some B. lot C. a few D. any( ) 19. Would you like_more coffee? A. little B. any C. some D. another( ) 20. -Have you any books on radio?-Id like to borrow _.A. those B. some C. them D. it( ) 21. Listen to me. I have_ to tell you.A. anything new B. something new C. new so
32、mething D. nothing new( ) 22.By the way, is there _ in todays newspaper? A. something new o B. anything new C. new something D. new anything( ) 23 Please be quiet. I have_ to tell you.A. important something B. nothing important C. important anything D. something important( ) 24 Im not busy. I havent
33、 _ to do.A. something B. everything C. nothing D. anything( )25 _ has happened, I want you to tell me about it.A. Something B. Everything C. Anything D. Nothing( ) 26.Yesterday morning _ boy broke into the garden.A. any B. some C. many D. much( ) 27 _ twenty boys were playing football at that time y
34、esterday.A. Each B. Some C. No one D. Neither( ) 28 Now I have _ questions. Lets go to ask our teacher.A. any B. much C. some D. a lot( ) 29 If you like these apples, you can take_.A. any B. a lot C. that . D. this( )30I will do_for my motherland.A. anything B. many C. much D. something( ) 31 -Did t
35、hey find _ in the park?-No, they found_there.A. anybody; nobody B. somebody; everybody C. anybody; somebody D. everybody; anybody( ) 32 I dont know_ of these people, for they are new workers.A. any B. some C. one D. much( ) 33 He didnt take _ one. They are all here.A. many B. any C. a little D. that
36、( ) 34. 1 havent read_ of the books. A few of the books are too difficult for me to read. A. any B. some C. two D. both( )35. Can I have_bottle of orange, please?A. another B. other C. others D. the others( )36. There are forty-four students in Class One. Nineteen of them are boys,_ are girls.A. the
37、 other B. the others C. others D. some others( ) 37. Mr Smith has two sons. _ is a soldier, _ is a doctor.A. One; another B. One; otherC. This; the other D. One; the other( ) 38.There are many people in the park now. Some are boating. _ are walking along the lake.A. the other B. other C. the others
38、D. others( ) 39.The glass is broken. Go and get_ .A. other B. another one C. .others D. the other( ) 40. I borrowed two books. _ is in English, and_ is in Chinese.A. It; another B. One; another C. The one; another D. One; the other( ) 41. _ of them has an English dictionary.A. Every B. All C. Both D
39、. Each( ) 42 .There are lots of English books here, and _ of them is easy to understand.A. both B. all .C. every D. each( ) 43. I didnt know that you_would_there.A. be; all B. all; be C. are; all D: all; are( ) 44. -Are these two books interesting? -Yes, _ of them are interesting.A. both B. all C. e
40、ither D. neither( ) 45. He couldnt make himself understood because _ of us knew what he said.A. none B. no C. nobody D. not( ) 46. I didnt like the cross talk. _ of the actors was funny.A. Both B. All C. Neither D. Either( ) 47. _ of them is good at singing.A. Both B. All C. No one D. Neither( ) 48.
41、 -Which would you like, a cup of tea or a glass of milk?-_, thanks. I think Ill just have a glass of water.A. None B. Neither C. Both D. Either( ) 49. -How many monkeys did you see in the zoo?A. Never B. None C. No one D. Nothing( )50. We should speak English as_ as possible.A. many B. much C. few D
42、. lot( )51. Its going to be a busy day today. I have_ work to do.A. a hard B. a lot C. many D. much( ) 52.The boy has eaten two bananas already, but he wanted_.A. a few more B. few more C. a little more D. little more( )53. Do you eat _ fruit and vegetables?A. many B. more C. a lot D. a lot of( ) 54
43、. I didnt get any letters yesterday, but there were_ this morning.A. a little B. few C. little D. a few( ) 55.The film isnt interesting. _ people like it.A. Few B. A little C. A few D. Little( ) 56. She can speak _ English now.A. a little B. a few C. many D. few( ) 57. Hurry up! There is_ time left.A. few B. a few C. little D. a little( ) 58. Sorry, I cant answer your question. I know_ about the subject.A. a little B. little C. few D. a fewD A D D B A B B D D D D DD B D D D D B A D D B D A D B B B D D A B B D A A A B B B A B D D B D D D B A A D D B B B D A D D A A D B
