1、从句注意点状语从句1 When, while 和 as When 引导的从句谓语可以终止或者瞬间性动词，注意如果主句又出现 was / were about to do, was / were doing, had done这样的时态多用 when 引导从句，此时 when 表“正在此时，突然 ”While 表示时间段， （=during the time when） ，从句中动词只用延续性动词；另一个重要关系表示对照，弱转折“然而 ”As 侧重动作的同时性，表示“一边。 。 。一边 ”还表示随着渐渐.典型例题1)_ the day for interview was approaching,
2、 she began to think about possible interview questions and her answers. A. As B. When C. While D. Once2 )They were surprised that a child could work out the problem_they themselves couldnt.A.once B.while C.then D.if3) _ journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher.A. While
3、 B. Even C. No matter D. Now that4 )Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true _ it comes to classroom tests.A. when B. since C. before D. after5 )I had just decided to call on him _ I received a telephone call from him.A. as B. while C. when D. after2
4、. before 的注意点 以及和 since 表示时间段的差异It was not long beforedid 不久之后就。 。 。 （时间段设在过去）/ It will not be not long before do (does) 不久之后会。 。 （时间段设在现在看将来）It was not long ago that did就是在不久之前。 。 。 （强调在过去一点发生。 。 。 ）Since 所引导的从句中谓语动词多用过去式，主句谓语动词多用现在完成时；但是注意特殊句 Its / It has been a long time since did 自从。 。 。已经很久了（时间
5、段设在过去持续到现在）典型例题1 ) -What was the party like?-Wonderful. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. since B. when C. before D. after2 )It was three years _ we finally met again.A. that B. when C. before D. since3 )It was 3 years ago _ he came back.A. since B. that C. before D. when 4 )It _ long before w
6、e _ the result of the experiment.A. will not be will know B. is will knowC. will not be know D. is know3. 一 。 。 。就的不同表达以及由此引申的名词词组引导状语从句As soon as, no soonerthan, hardly/ scarcelywhen no sooner.than.，助动词 had 放在 主语前，所在的主句常用过去完成时， that 引导的从 句用一般过去时。 no sooner. than 与 hardly.when 以及 scarcely.when 同义， 用
7、法相同。the moment / the minute, the first/secondtime, every / each time, next / last time, by the time 等名词性词组可以引导时间状语从句。典型例题1 )Hardly _ the airport when the plane took off.A. I had arrived at B. had I arrived C. had I reached D. I had got to2)We hadnt met for 20 years, but I recognized her _ I saw her.
8、A. the moment B. the moment when C. for the moment D. at the moment when3)_ than she started to complain about the traffic.A. Not until she got on the bus B. Hardly had she got on the busC. No sooner had she got on the bus D. Scarcely did she get on the bus4) _ I saw a woman opening the door for a m
9、an, I was very surprised.A. for the first time B. the first time whenC. the first time D. at the first time4. By the time 引导时间状语从句注意从句和主句对应的时态：By the time the ambulance arrived, the old woman had come to herself.By the time he graduates from high school, he will have learned Ebglish for 10 years.5.
10、地点状语从句连词 where 引导地点状语从句可放句首或者当中，同时充当主句和从句的地点状语，不可替换为 in /at which；引导定语从句修饰名词或者代词，前面一定要找出先行词，可与 in / at which 替换；还要注意和一些名词性从句 what 表示地点的区分。1) A newly designed sky scrap is being set up _ the World Trade Center used to stood.A. that B. where C. which D. when2)If you are travelling _ the custom and cul
11、ture are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do.A. in which B. what C. when D. where3) Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded_ other more well-informed experiments failed.A.which B.that C.what D.where4) Is this hotel _ you said we were
12、to stay in your letter? A.where B.which C.in that D.in which6. Until/till 与延续性动词连用，主从句都用肯定式；与瞬间性动词连用，主句需用否定式。注意“notuntil”结构的倒装和强调用法的互换。1)It was _ I read the letter _ I knew she was married.A. until when B. not until whenC. until that D. not until that2)_ his father came back from work_ his homework.
13、 A.Not until; he did B.It wasnt until; when he didC.It was until; that he didnt do D.It wasnt until; that he did7. No matter wh-和 wh-ever 区别以及关注 however/no matter how，whether 等特殊用法1)-_ I watch TV, Ill turn it down and never make any noise.- Good. _ you are doing should never disturb others. _ how im
14、portant you are,never forget about how others feel. A.Whatever; Whenever; No matter B.Whenever; Whatever; No matterC.Whether; Whatever; 不填 D.No matter; Whenever; 不填2)_, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late h
15、e is 8. such 引导状语从句和定语从句区别(1) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like. (2) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like it. (3) It wasnt such a good dinner _ she had promised us.A. that B. which C. as D.but 9. as 在让步状语从句中的倒装，将形容词 / 副词 / 名词 / 分词 提前到句首+as+主语+谓语。注意单数名词需要去掉定冠词
16、或者冠词。1) Brave _ young Tom was, he dared not walk alone in the public cemetery at night.A. that B. as C. although D. and2) Important _ the examination is in the evaluation of the students academic results, _ the students are not supposed to devote too much to it.A. as and yet B. though / C. while nev
17、erthelessD. how yet10. 如此。 。 。以至于so 和 such 的选用1)When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they hadmanaged with _ money.（2011 秋季高考）A. so few B. such few C. so little D. such little2) She received _ little education that she cant even teach _ little children.A. so so B
18、. so such C. such soD. such such3) diligence is _ he has made rapid progress.A. so that B. such that C. in order thatD. so as定语从句注意点I. 定语从句起了形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词 先行词 从句成分 例句 备注who 人 主语Do you know the man who is talking with
19、 your mother?whom 人 宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war关系代词whose人，物 定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my whom, which 和that 在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以deskmate. that 人，物 主语，宾语A plane i
20、s a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which 物 主语，宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.用 thatas 人，物 主语，宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as 做宾语
21、一般不省略when 时间 时间状语 I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用 on whichwhere 地点 地点状语 This is the house where I was born. 可用 in which关系副词 why 原因 原因状语I cant imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.可用 for whichII. that 与 which, who, whom 的用法区别：情况 用法说明 例句只用 that的情况1 先行词为 all, everything, any
22、thing, nothing, little, much,等不定代词时。2 先行词被 all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时3 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时4 先行词既指人又指物时1.He told me everything that he knows.2.All the books that you offered has been given out.3.This is the best film that I have ever read.4.We talked about the persons and t
23、hings that we remembered.5 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时6 句中已经有 who 或which 时，为了避免重复时5.He is the only man that I want to see.6.Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom 的情况1 在非限制性定语从句中，只能用 which 指代物，用 who/whom 指人2 在由“ 介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，只能用 which 指物，whom 指人。3 先行词本身是 that 时，关系词用 which, 先行词
24、为those, one, he 时多用who。He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.III. as 与 which 的区别：定语从句 区别 例句限制性定语从句中名词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时，关系代词用 as,不能用 whichHe is not such a fool as he looks.Dont
25、 read such books as you cant understand. 非限制性定语从句中as 和 which 都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用 as；而 which 引导的从句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。They won the game, as we had expected.They won the game, which we hadnt expected.As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.IV. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别
26、：类别 语法意义及特征 例句限制性 对先行词起修饰限制作用，如 The accident 定语从句果去掉，主句意思就不完整明确，这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。happened at the time when I left.非限制性定语从句 对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开，相当于一个插入语，不能用that 引导，关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.5 用 that 的情况 3 不用5 用1）先行词是不定代词，如 all, anyth
27、ing, everything, nothing, etc. 2）先行词有序数词，最高级修饰3）先行词有 only, much, few, little, none, no, all 和 the very等修饰时4) who 开头的疑问句中5）先行词既有人又有物时3 不用 that1) 逗号之后2) 介词之后3) Those /anyone who+主句as (就像，正如 )引导非限制性从句，可以放句首：as we all know, as is known to all, as can be seen, as is mentioned / said above, as is pointed
28、out, etc. 先行词如有 the same/ such / as 修饰，关系代词也需用 as引导限制性定语从句关系副词和关系代词的选用 重中之重看先行词在从句里面做的成分。练一练1. We saw a film yesterday afternoon , _we had supper in a nearby restaurant.A.when B.which C.before it D.after which2. There comes a time in every mans life_. A.that he needs to think B.when he has to thinkC
29、.therefore he has to work hard D.then he will need it3. On the third floor there are two rooms, _ is used as a meeting-room.A.one of them B.the larger of whichC.and a larger of of them D.the largest one of which4. - Are you familiar with the music ?- Yes. There was a time _ this kind of music was qu
30、ite popular. A.when B.that C.with which D.about which5. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations _ would bring about positive emotions.A. which B. where C. why D. as6. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the pl
31、ane. A. where B. which C. while D. why7. Is this museum _ you visited the other day?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one8. Is this school _ you worked two years ago?A. which B. where C. the one D. in which9. How do you like the book? Its quite different from _ I read last month.A. that B. which C
32、. the one D. the one what11. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be found.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that12. His speech, _ there were many mistakes, made him lose a lot of supporters.A. where B. which C. about which D. on which13. It is a one-way system _ you invite them to vis
33、it and they dont invite you back.A. where B. which C. to whom D. of which名词性从句注意点It 引导多种主语从句以及下面 b 种和 as 引导的定语从句的常规替换a. It + be +形容词 + that-从句It is necessary that 有必要It is important that重要的是It is obvious that 很明显b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句It is believed that人们相信It is known to all that众所周知 It has be
34、en decided that已决定* 可以替换为 As is believed, As is known to all, As has been decide,c. It + be +名词+ that-从句It is common knowledge that是常识 It is a surprise that令人惊奇的是 It is a fact that事实是d. It + 不及物动词+ that-分句It appears that似乎It happens that碰巧It occurred to me that我突然想起What 在名词性从句中的多面性Lanzhou is not wha
35、t it used to be（She is not what she used to be）The pilgrims arrived at what is USA now.（where USA is）Is spite of what has recently been done to provide more buses for the people, a shortage of public vehicles remains a serious problem.Railway is to transportation what blood is to a mans body.Our fac
36、tory is much more productive now. This years production is five times what it was ten years ago.What matters is not what you own but what you offer.同位语从句和定语从句的区分make a plan/a decision reach a conclusion thatwho vs.whoever whoever,whatever 引导的名词性从句和定语从句 anyone who, anything that 的替换1._ surprised me m
37、ost was_ they had finished the so quickly. A.What; what B.That; that C.That; what D.What; that2._ seems strange to us is _ she can sing so many English songs beautifully.A.It; that B.That; how C.It; Why D.What; that3.My parents used _ they had to get a new car for my brother.A.what B.which C.all wha
38、t D.不填4.The question came up at the meeting _ we had not enough money to do the research.A.whether B.if C.that D.what 5_she is not so healthy _she used to be ?A.How it is that; as B.Why is it that; whatC.Is it why; that D.How is it that; as6. It is _you deal with difficulties that shows_ you are rea
39、lly like.A.what; what B.how; what C.how; that D.which; how7._ be sent to work there ?A.Who do you suggest that should B.Who do you suggestC.Do you suggest whom should D.Do you suggest who should8. We could have a birds eye view of the whole Bund from _.A. we stayed B. what we stayed C. where we stay
40、ed D. where we stayed in9. . _ volunteers for blood donation shall, as the president has promised, take a two-week holiday.A. Who B. Anyone C. Those who D. Whoever10. I have several current magazines with me. You can take _ you like most.A. which B. whichever C. whatever D. what高考英语中常见易混句型辨1 is know
41、n to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.A. It B. As C. That D. What(1) is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month. (2) is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.2(1) It was 3 years _ he came back. (2) I
42、t was 3 years ago _ he came back. (3) It is 3 years _ he came back. A. since B. after C. before D. when E. that3、(1)It was midnight _ he returned home. (2)It was at midnight _ he returned home.A. when B. that C. before D. since4、 (1) A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Camb
43、odians, and most of _ women. (2) A team of 15 Indian experts are organizing a workforce of 400 Cambodians, most of _are women. A. them B. them areC. whom D. that E. most of whom are5、(1)_ hard he works, he wont succeed. (2) Hard_ he works, he wont succeed.(3)_ he works hard, he wont succeed. (4)_his
44、 hard work, he wont succeed.A Though (though) B. However (however) C. As (as) D. In (in) spite of E. Although (although)6、(1) Is this school _ you visited the other day? (2)Is this school _ you worked two years ago?(3)Is this the school _ you worked two years ago? A. which B. where C. what D. the on
45、e E. in which7、(1) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like. (2) This is such an interesting work of art_ all of us like it. A. that B. which C. as D. when 8、(1)Chaplin, for _ life had once been very hard, directed a film about the workers life in an American factory. (2)Chaplin,_ lif
46、e had once been very hard, directed a film about the workers life in an American factory. A. whoB. that C. whom D. whose9 (1)He was ill. Thats _ he was absent from school. (2)He was absent from school. Thats _ he was ill. (3)I dont believe the reason _ he was absent from school. (4)I dont believe th
47、e reason _ he explained for his absence from school.A. which B. for which C. for that D. because of which E. because F. why10、(1)_ made his teacher angry. (2)_, his teacher got angry. (3)_, which made his teacher angry. A. He being late B. His being late C. He was late D. His late11、(1) It was not until 12 oclock _home. (2) Not until 12 oclock_ home.A. did he return B. he returned C. that he returned D. that did he return12、(1) I dont know _ will go this time. (2) You can give the book to _
