1、1名词性从句基本用法一、定义： 名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句 、宾语从句和同位语从句。二、引导词：1、种类：有连词 that / whether / as if，连接代词 what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词 where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。2、功能：名词性从句的引导词一般都有意义且在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语等成分，但that 引导名词性从句在从句
2、中只起连接作用，无义且不作成分；whether/if 引导名词性从句表“是否”之意，但在从句中不作成分。3、that 引导名词性从句的特殊用法。1） 、that 引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。如：That they are good at English is known to us all.The problem is that we dont have enough money.She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.2） 、that 引导宾语从句时可省，但在以下几种情况中不能省略：当 tha
3、t 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that 不可省略；He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.当 that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that 不能省；Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. 当 that 作介词宾语时， that 不可省掉。但 that 引导的宾语从句只有在 except, in, but, besides 等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;e.g. Your article is al
4、l right except that it is too longThe reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.that 从句作主语和宾语时，可以用 it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。*that 引导主语从句借助 it 作形式主语的情况：It 作主语的常用句型有:A. It + be +形容词 + that 从句B. It + be +名称词组(duty/pity) + that 从句C. It + be + 过去分词(said/thought) + that 从句D. It +不及物动词(seem/happen) +
5、that 从句用形式主语 it 的主语从句常见结构A.It is clear (necessary, important, possible,remarkable that 很清楚（必要, 重要,可能, 值得注意等)B.It is a fact (a good thing, good news) that 事实是 ( 好事是,好消息是)2C.It is well-known ( reported, recorded, estimated,said, believed) that众所周知( 据报道,据记载,据说,据估计)D.It turns out ( seems, happens, appea
6、rs) that 结果是 ( 似乎是, 碰巧是, 好象是) E.It has been found (has been proved,can be seen,must be pointed out) that 已发现( 已证明,可以看出,需指出)如：It is a pity that we cant go swimming.真可惜我们不能去游泳.It happened that I was out that day.碰巧那天我外出了.It is certain that he will do well in the exam.他考试肯定会考好.It is said that he told h
7、er everything.据说他已告诉了她一切.*用 it 作形式宾语时, 通常将宾语从句移至补语的后面, 即: “主 + 谓 + it + 宾语的补语 + 宾语从句” 。如：She made it a rule that she got early every morning.She made it clear that it was not her fault.that 和 what 的区别。that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而 what 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what 可以分解成定语从句中的先行词 + 关系代词，即常
8、说的先行词 + that。如：Its shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says= Do everything that he says.4、名词性从句与定语从句的区别。1） 、同位语从句与定于从句的区别A.that 引导的同位语从句：（1）从先行词看同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的关系。该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。例如：They were delighted at the news that their team had won.The news was that their team had won
9、.(2)从引导词来看引导词 that 在同位语从句中是连词，只起连接作用，无具体词意，that 不可省略；that在定语从句中是关系代词，它在从句中充当一定成分主语或宾语，有具体词意，作宾语时还可以省略。The factory (that) we visited yesterday is a chemical one.The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true.B.when 和 where 引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。when 和 where 前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则 when 和 where 引导的是定语从句，否则则为
10、同位语从句。如：3They put forward the question where they could get the money.（ 同位语从句）This is the place where the accident happened.（ 定语从句）5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态、主谓一致情况（1）宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致，但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象，虽然主句是过去时态，从句仍用一般现在时。如：Hello, I didnt know you were in London. How long have you been here?The teacher told u
11、s that light travels at a very high speed.（2）主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词用单数，如果由 and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。如：When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.When and where the meeting will begin has not
12、been decided.6.、宾语从句（The Object Clause）宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。e.g. 1） 、做动词的宾语(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：e.g. He doesnt know where the post office is.(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：e.g. He told me what I should read(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补足语后面；e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me我觉得奇怪：
13、他没给我打电话。(4)在 think, believe, suppose, expect 等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词 think 等变为否定形式;e.g. I dont think you are right我想你是不对的。(5) 在 think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope 等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用 so 代替一个肯定的宾语从句，还可用 not 代替一个否定的宾语从句：e.g. 一 Do you believe it will clear up?你认为天气会转晴吗? 一 I bel
14、ieve so. 我认为会这样。I dont believe so.(或 I believe not.)我认为不会这样。2） 、 做介词的宾语：It depends on whether we have enough time.但 that 引导的宾语从句只有在 except, in, but, besides 等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long7. because, as if, as though 引导的表语从句because 引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is b
15、ecause”结构中。as if/though 引导的表语从句常置于连系动词 look, seem, sound, be, become 等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。4e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.名词性从句是高考英语的重点考查内容之一，掌握其常见考点对提高应试技能很有益处。高考常见考点：一、陈述句语序问题：名词性从句必须用陈述句的语序。e.g. I didnt
16、know what _with her. A. was the matter B. is the matter C. Matter D.the matter is 【A】二、形式主语和形式宾语 it 的用法：在英语中只有 it 可以做形式宾语，this/that 不行。 e.g. Dont take it for granted that he will help us. He makes it a rule that he gets up early every morning.三、在某些动词，如 think, expect, suppose, believe, guess 等后的宾语从句中
17、，如果是否定形式，其否定副词 not 要提前到主句谓语动词上。e.g. I dont think he is honest. I dont believe he can do it alone. 五、whether 和 if 的区别：1）引导表语从句，同位语从句和主语从句，用 whether, 不用 if 。 e.g.The question is whether the film is worth seeing. The news whether our team has won is unknown. Whether we shall attend the meeting hasnt be
18、en decided.2）引导宾语从句一般两者皆可， 但在介词后常用 whether，在 whether or not 中 whether不用 if 代替。e.g. I dont know whether or not he is going to see the film. It depends on _we have enough time. A. if B. weather C. if or not D. whether 【D】 六、注意 I doubt whether/ if., I dont doubt that., There is some doubt whether., The
19、re is no doubt that.的用法：e.g. Although most of them have no doubt _he will pass the exam. I still think there is some doubt _he has really got everything ready. A. whether; that B. that; whether C. that; that D. whether; whether 【B】七、注意 Im sure that., Im not sure whether.的用法：e.g. Im sure that he is h
20、onest. Im not sure whether he will come.八、注意 The reason.is that.的用法：e.g. The reason why he was late was that it was raining.九、注意 what/whatever, who/whoever, which/whichever, where/wherever 等的区别：what 等连接代词或副词表示疑问，whatever 等连接代词或副词加强语气：e.g. _comes to the party will receive a 5gift. A. Which B. Who C.
21、Which one D. Whoever 【D】十、注意 whatever 等和 no matter what 等 的区别：whatever 等既可以引导名词性从句，而可以引导让步状语从句，no matter what 等只能引导让步状语从句：e.g. No matter what he says, （让步状语从句） I will believe him. I believe whatever he says. （宾语从句）十一、注意 Its important/ necessary/ strange/ natural/ possible/ impossible/surprising.that
22、.的用法：e.g. Its necessary that we should practice reading English every day.十二、注意 Its said/ reported/ thought/ considered/ suggested/ hoped/ found/ believed.that.等的用法：e.g. Its reported that ten people were killed in the road accident.十三、掌握 What + vt. + sb. most + is/was + that.句型的用法：可以用于该句型的常见动词有： ast
23、onish / impress / move / shock / surprise . e.g. What impressed me most was that all of them studied very hard.十四、注意 whats the matter/what the matter is 的区别：e.g. He asked me what was matter with me.(他问我怎么了）The teacher asked me what the matter was. (老师问我那是什么物质)名词性从句练习一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：1. Chi
24、na is no longer what it used to be.2. The truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.3. It was snowing when he arrived at the station.4. How he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.5. The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.6.
25、The news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.7. That is where Lu Xun used to live.8. He spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.9. Do you remember the teacher who taught us English at middle school?10. I wonder why she refused my invitation.11.Whether it will please them
26、is not easy to say.12.It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.13.He asked whose car it was14.Tom is no longer what he used to be. 15. The question is which of us should come first. 16.She didnt tell the truth how she managed to go abroad. 617.They are familiar with the opinion that all mat
27、ter consists of atoms. 二、用适当的连词填空：1. I cant decide _ dictionary I should buy.2. Thats _ he refused my invitation.3. I am very interested in _ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.4. _ we need is more time.5. The fact _ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.6.
28、 _ and _ they will meet has not been decided yet.7. Please tell me _ you are waiting for.8. Is that _ you are looking for?9. Would you please tell me _ the nearest post office is?10. I dont know _ he will agree to the plan or not.11.It has not been decided _ they will leave for New York.12._ we do m
29、orning exercises every day does us good.13_ gets home first is to cook the supper.14. Have you found your book yet?-No, Im not sure_ I could have left it.15. The doctor couldnt answer the question_ the patient could survive that night.16.The manager came over and asked the customer _ the quarrel had
30、 come about17. _ you dont like him is none of my business.18. _ well go camping depends on _ it will be fine tomorrow.19. _ she comes or not makes no difference.20The question is _ it is worth doing.21.There is some doubt _he will come.22._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an internationa
31、l language.23._ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.24.It is said that the famous football star is not willing to play for _ would pay him three million dollars a year.25.It was about 600 years ago _ the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made.26.Go and get your coat. It
32、s _ you left it.27.You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _ I disagree28.- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.- Is that _ you had a few days off?29.I remember _ this used to be a quiet village.30.-Do you remember_ he came? - Yes, I do, he came by car.731.It is generally
33、considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants32._we cant get comes better than _ we have.33.A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.34.It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. 35.A modern city has been set up in _ was a w
34、asteland ten years ago.36.Do you have any idea _ is actually going on in the classroom?37.See the flags on the building? That was_ we did this morning.38.America was _ was first called “India” by Columbus.39._ troubles me most is _ I dont know how to calm the sick old man.40.I think it is _ you are
35、working yourself too much.41.The reason _ I plan to go is _ she will be disappointed _ I dont.42.Danby left word with my secretary _ he would call again in the afternoon.43._ is no possibility _ Bob can win the first prize in the match.44.- Brad was Janes brother. - _ he reminded me so much of Jane.
36、45.Do _ you think is right, _ they say.46.Its known to us _ there is pollution, there is harm.47.He made a promise _ anyone set him free he would make him very rich.48.It was at the very beginning _ Mr. Fox made the decision _ we should send more firefighters here.49.I would appreciate _ if you call
37、 back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.50. The teacher told us the sun rises in the east and sets in the west. 51. He was surprised at I said. 52. It is probable he has told her everything. 53. Do you all know the truth Columbus discovered America in 1492? 54. It happened Alice was out the
38、 other day. 55. The captain came up and soon found out the matter stood。56. Are you sure he will succeed in the end? 57. they do it or not matters much to us. 58. The teacher came in and asked was the matter with us. 59. Now we have learnt heat is. 60. The fact _ she works hard is well known to us a
39、ll. 61. The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. 62. The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. 63. His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. 64. I have no idea _ he will start. 865. Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. 66. Th
40、e thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. 三、将下列各句中两个简单句连接成带主语从句的主从复合句。示例：1.When will he go abroad to study? It is fixed(确定,决定).When he will go abroad to study is fixed.2.We should develop education in the countryside. It is very necessary.It is very necessary that we should develop educatio
41、n in the countryside.Practice:1).Lu Xun was a great writer.It is well-known.2)Where will they go to plant these trees? It hasnt been decided yet.3)What are the doctors discussing at the meeting?It is quite important.4)Which class will win the game? It seems clear enough.5)Why did she get wounded at
42、work? It should be investigated.6)The new Children Zoo at the Beijing Zoo opened on Childrens Day,1984.It is said.7)Can this peasant drive the truck? Its a question.8)When does the train start? It is not known for sure.9)Why was the bank robbed? Its a mystery.四、将下列句子译成英语.（主语从句）1.这个青年工人所缺乏的是科学知识.2.真奇
43、怪,他为什么没有到机场去接他的母亲.3.你今天晚上回来还是明天早上回来对我都一样.4.人们相信中国农民的生活越来越好.五、将下列句子译成英语.（表语从句）1)他们就是这样为顾客服务的.92)这就是我们支持老工程师的建议的原因.3)这是王教授在他的报告中所强调的. (emphasize)4)我想知道的是谁将去西德进修生物学.5)最重要的是我们必须掌握现代科学技术.用表语从句合并1.He was absent from the meeting. Thats the fact.2.Is he a student? Thats my question.3.When will we leave for
44、the Island.? Thats what I want to know.4.Whom must our education serve ? Thats the most important.六、按照示例用括号内的语句将下列句子改写为带宾语从句的主从复合句.示例:What is her name? (I dont know)I dont know what her name is.1)Where does Doctor Liu live?(Do you know)Do you know where Doctor Liu lives?2)What did he lose at the rai
45、lway station? (Would you tell me)Would you tell me what he lost at the railway station? 3)Why is the cinema closed? (I wonder)4)When did the accident happen?(Please go and find out)5)What foreign language can you speak?(I want to know)6)How has he become an expert at planting fruit trees?(The report
46、er asked the peasant)7)Who discovered the element radium? (Can you tell me)8)Whose box is it on the floor?(Im not sure)109) Which of these flowers is the biggest in the garden?(You can easily see)10)How much did you pay for the dictionary?(Please tell me)11)How high did the student jump at the sport
47、s meet?( The coach would like to know)12)Does the engineer know Franch?( I dont know)七、将下列句子中括号内的汉语译成英语填空.1)Would you kindly tell me_ _(我们如何能在城市消除空气污染).2)Do you have any idea_(我在哪里买得到大尺码的衬衫).3)Im not certain_(这架飞机是否准时起飞).4)They gave a good description of _(他们如何抢救受伤的游人).5)The doctor insisted_(我们轮流照顾他).6)The driver was criticized for _
