1、向上教育精心汇编1向上教育 2013 暑期班中考英语资料汇编（单项选择、语法汇编）（Where there is a will there is a way 有志者事竟成）向上教育精心汇编2语 法 知 识 串 讲 之虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。一虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中 bewere）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would
2、 work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时should +动词原形were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could,
3、might)+动词原形。If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.P.S 虚拟条件句的特殊情况(1)混合/错综型虚拟语气当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，称为错综条件句 ，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.(从句说的是过去，主句是现在)If I were you, I would have taken
4、 his advice.(从句是现在，主句是过去)(2)省略 if 的虚拟语气如果从句中含有 were/ should/ had 时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略 if.采用倒装语序。If it should happen, what would you do? Should it happen, what would you do?If he had recognized me, he would have come over.Had he recognized me, he would have come over.(3)含蓄虚拟条件句有时候假设的情况不以 if 引导的条件从句形式表现出
5、来，而是通过一个介词短语，连词或其他形式表示。常用的词或短语有：without, with, but for(要是没有), otherwise, or, but 等。Without your help(=If we had not had your help),we could not have succeeded.But for electricity(=If there were no electricity,there would be no modern industry.He felt very tired yesterday, or/ otherwisehe would have
6、attended the party.(4)在 if it were( had been )not for .句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气也常用于if it were/(had been) not for .句型中，意为要不是由向上教育精心汇编3于 。If it were not for peace, we could not be living a happy life today.If it had not been for your timely help, I would have gone bankrupt.二虚拟语气用在名词性从句中1.主语从句中的虚拟语气这种虚拟语气主要用在 it i
7、s+形容词（名词，过去分词）+that+主语+should+动词原形（should 可以省略）这种结构中。常见的这类形容词有：advisable, anxious, better, desirable, surprising, natural, necessary, strange, important, regretful.常见的这类过去分词有：decided, demanded, recommended, requested, desired, required, ordered, suggested.常见的这类名词有：duty, pity, no surprise, no wonder,
8、 regret, shame.It was suggested that he（should）join the club activities.It is strange (surprising, disappointing) that she (should) not have been invited.It is a pity that he (should) refuse to accept the offer.2. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish 后面所跟宾语从句谓语动词用虚拟语气（意为要是，但愿就好了） ，其形式主要有三种：表示对现在情况的虚拟：wish 后接一般过去时的从句表示对过
9、去情况的虚拟：wish 后接过去完成时/should，could have done表示对将来情况的虚拟：wish 后接 would，could+动词原形I wish it were spring all year round.I wish it would be fine tomorrow.She wished she had stayed at home. 在表示建议，命令，要求等动词后的从句要用(should)+动词原形。此类动词有：suggest, advise, propose, demand, require, insist（要求）, order, prefer, command,
10、 ask, request.The teacher ordered that all the books (should) be handed in on time.P.S. 当 suggest 表示暗示，说明之意；insist 表示坚持认为，坚持说之意时，从句不用虚拟，用正常的陈述语气。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with life.3. 表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气在表示建议，命令，要求的名词后的表语从句
11、或同位语从句中的谓语动词要用（should）+动词原形。常见名词有：advice, desire, request, demand, proposal, suggestion, preference, requirement, order.He gave orders that the guests (should) be hospital entertained.His proposal is that we (should) get rid of the bad habits.三虚拟语气在其他情况中的使用1.在 as if/ as though 引导的状语从句中，若从句与事实相反，则要用虚
12、拟语气。其形式如下：主语+as if/ though +主语+一般过去时（从句的动作与主句同时发生）主语+as if/ though +主语+would/could+动词原形（从句的动作相对主句来说在将来发生）向上教育精心汇编4主语+as if/ though +主语+过去完成时（从句的动作先发生于主句动作之前）He talks as if he knew all about it.She speaks English well as if he had studied in America.He learns English so hard as if he would go abroad.
13、2.在 it is (high) time that 句型中也用虚拟语气，从句常用过去式，有时也用 should +动词原形，表示早该做而没做的事，含建议的意味。It is time that we went home.P.S.此句型中，注意与It/This is the +序数词+time that+现在完成式的区别。This is the first time that I have been here.3.would rather 后接动词原形，但接从句时要用虚拟语气（宁愿，但愿） 。Would rather +主语+一般过去时（表示与现在或将来相反）Would rather +主语+过
14、去完成时（表示与过去相反）Id rather he didnt go now.Id rather you hadnt done it.4. if only 后接从句也用虚拟语气，其形式与 wish 的用法一致。5. 动词 hope, intend, mean, plan, want, think 等词用过去完成的形式，表示的意思为本想，本打算，本认为He had meant to buy the furniture last week, but it rained.（他上周本打算去买那件家具，但却下雨了）虚拟语气练习1. If I _ where he lived， I _ a note to
15、 him.A. knew， would B. had known， would have sentC. know， would send D. knew， would have sent2. If they _ earlier than expected,they _ here now.A. had started,would be B. started,might beC. had started,would have been D. will start,might have been3. I didnt know his telephone number. _ it， I _ then.
16、A. Had I known,would ring him upB. Should I know,would have rung him upC. If I knew,would ring him upD. Had I known,would have rung him up4. Mary is ill today. If she _， she _ absent from school.A. were not ill， wouldnt beB. had been ill， wouldnt have beenC. had been ill， should have beenD. hadnt be
17、en ill， could be5. Were I to do it， I _ it some other way.A. will do B. would do C. would have done D. were to do6. I _ him the answer _ possible， but I was so busy then.A. could tell， if it had beenB. must have told， were itC. should have told， had it beenD. should have told， should it be7. Without
18、 your help， we_ so much.A. wont achieve B. didnt achieve 向上教育精心汇编5C. dont achieve D. wouldnt have achieved 8. You didnt take his advice. _ his advice， you _ such a mistake.A. Had you taken,wouldnt have madeB. If you had taken,would makeC. Were you lo take,shouldnt have madeD. Have you taken,wont hav
19、e made9. We wish we _ what you did when we were at high school.A. did B. could have done C. have done D. should do10. She wishes she _ to the theatre last night.A. went B. would go C. had gone D. were going11. Tom is very short now. His mother wishes that he _ be tall when he grows up.A. could B. sh
20、ould C. would D. were able to12. My sister advised me that I _ accept the invitation.A. could B. must C. should D. might13. He asks that he _ an opportunity to explain why hes refused to go there.A. is given B. must give C. should give D. be given14. Do you think of Wang Fangs suggestion that he _ M
21、r. Li to the party？A. will invite B. have invited C. is invited D. invite15. I insisted that he _ at once.A. be gone B. go C. would go D. might go16. Li Ming insisted that he _ anything at all.A. hadnt stolen B. shouldnt steal C. doesnt steal D. steal17. It is quite natural that my coming late again
22、 _ them very angry.A. had made B. would make C. makes D. make18. He acted as if he _ everything in the world.A. knew B. knows C. has known D. wont know19. Read it aloud so that I _ you clearly.A. may hear B. will hear C. hear D. have heard20. They got up early in order that they _ they first train.A
23、. caught B. will catch C. might catch D. shall catch 21. I am sorry that he _ in such poor health.A. are B. shall be C. were D. should be22. That is a good book. You _ it yesterday.A. could buy B. should buy C. should have bought D. bought23. It is high time we _ home.A. will go B. would go C. have
24、gone D. went24. Id rather that you _ home.A. went B. have gone C. will go D. had gone25. If only I _ to the lecture！A. listen B. will listen C. am listening D. had listened向上教育精心汇编626. If he_， he _ that food.- Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.A. was warned， would not takeB. had been w
25、arned， would not have takenC. would be warned， had not takenD. would have been warned， had not taken27. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _， she would have met my brother.A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come28. Without electricity， human life _ quite different today.A. is B. will
26、 be C. would have been D. would be 29. He _ you more help， even though he was very busy.A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give30. If city noises _ from increasing， people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept,will have to B. are not k
27、ept,have toC. do not keep,will have to D. do not keep,have to31. Mikes father，as well as his mother,insisted that he _home.A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay32. Mr. Smith insisted that he _ the work all.A. had done B. have done C. did D. so33. Jane would never have gone to the party _ tha
28、t Mary would come to see her.A. has she known B. had she known C. if she know D. if she has known34. If you had enough money， what _？A. will you buy B. would you buyC. would you have bought D. will you have bought35. If you _ that film late last night， you wouldnt be so sleepy.A. didnt see B. havent
29、 seen C. wouldnt have seen D. hadnt seen36. Our monitor requested that _.A. all the class studied more carefully the problemB. the problem was more carefully studiedC. with great care the problem could be studiedD. all the class study the problem more carefully 37. Would you have called her up had i
30、t been possible？Yes, but I _ busy doing my homework.A. was B. were C. had been D. would be38. His tired face suggested that he _ really tired after the long walk.A. had been B. was C. be D. should be39. It is important that we _.向上教育精心汇编7A. shall close the window before we leaveB. will close the win
31、dow before we leaveC. must close the window before we leaveD. close the window before we leave40. I didnt know his telephone number， otherwise I _ him.A. had telephoned B. would telephone C. would have telephoned D. telephone语 法 知 识 串 讲 之定语从句一定语从句的几个基本概念：1.先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。2.先行词在从句中担当成份：
32、根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。3.关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。作主语：指物，则用 that, which 引导，且不能省略；指人，用 that, who 引导，不省略。作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语： 指物，用 that, which 引导，可省略；指人，用 that, who, whom 引导，可省略。PS：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用 whom; 指物只能用 which。作表语：一般指人、指物皆用 that, 可省略。作定语：指人、指物皆用 whose,不省略。关系代词 作用That 指物Which 指人Who/whom 指物Whose 指人或物
33、的所有格4.关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用 when, 地点用 where, 原因用 why，亦可用介词+which 替代。所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。5.非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。(1) which: 用于指代先行词（物） ，或整个主句，不能省略。(2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人） ，不能省略。(3) all / some of + which / whom: 用于指代先行词的部分。(4) as 为关系代词， “正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。PS：
34、在非限制性定从中，不能用 that。二一些特殊用法：1一般只用 that 引导从句的情况：(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被 any, every, each, few, little, no, some, 向上教育精心汇编8the only, the very 等修饰时；(2) 先行词是不定代词 all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything 等时；(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时； (4) 先行词既有人又有物时；(5) 当句中已有 who 时，为避免重复。2一般只用 which 引导从句的情况：(1) 引导
35、非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时；(2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时；(3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用 which；着眼于各个成员，用 who；(4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如 this, that 等, 引导定从。3由 as 引导的定语从句的几种常见情况：(1) as 引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和 which 引导定语从句代替整个句子的区别是：which 不能放在句 首，而 as 则可以；在句中，as 有“正如” 、 “就象”之意，而 which 则没有此意；(2）当先行词前有 the same，such 修饰时，或在 “so /
36、 asas”结构中，表示“那样以致” ，后用关系代词 as 引导限制性定语从句；(3) 在 suchas 结构中，as 为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在suchthat 结构中，that 为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。4当 way 作先行词时，可用 that, in which 或省略引导定从5当先行词为 situation, case, point, job, condition 等时，常用 where 引导定从。6当先行词为 one of the +复数名词时， 定从的谓动用复数动词；当先行词为 the (only)one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数
37、动词；定语从句练习1. Robert went to Shanghai in his twenties _ several years later, he became a company director.A. when B. where C. which D. who2. The kind-hearted couple decided to adopt the boy _ parents had been killed in an accident.A. whose B. who C. with whom D. his3. Last week our school put on an En
38、glish play _ Jim acted an important part.A. which B. when C. where D. what4. The boss, _company Ma King worked ten years ago, looked down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose5. Hangzhou, _ we paid a visit last spring, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.A. which B. where C
39、. to there D. from which6. Many people like to chat online, _, as most of them think, they can express themselves freely.A. which B. there C. that D. where7. This is an important subject _ we might argue for a long time.A. about it B. with which C. about which D. with it向上教育精心汇编98. These old picture
40、s bring to their mind the college days _ they spent together, _ life was hard but happy.A. which; when B. when; which C. which; which D. when; when9. The reason _ he gave for his second visit to the city was simply _ he admired the sights here so much.A. why; that B. why; why C. which; that D. which
41、; why10. A new type of car is on sale on the market, _ makes it attractive to young people.A. its low price B. what low priceC. the low price of which D. the low price of it11. It is in the factory _ youre going to pay a visit to _ this kind of computer is made.A. /; that B. where; that C. /; where
42、D. that; which12. We are in a difficult situation _ we dont develop new products, we will end up closing our doors.A. if B. where C. if where D. where if13. Mr. Wilson has been to many cities in China, _he thinks, Shanghai has impressed him most.A. with which B. in which C. of which D. on which14. Y
43、ou can hardly imagine the rate _ his car has been running on the freeway.A. with which B. to which C. at which D. for which15. Sometimes our success depends on _ we are lucky or not and sometimes it depends on the manner _we conduct our life.A. whether; of which B. whether; in which C. that; by whic
44、h D. that; for which16. Its dangerous for you to use a kind of medicine _. A. that you are allergic to B. that is allergic to you C. which is allergic for you D. which you are allergic for17. Such people _ were invited to the party showed no special interest in the soup he specially made for them, _
45、 made him upset.A. who; that B. as; that C. who; which D. as; which18. I often think of the hours _ I stayed with you, _ have a great effect on my life.A. /; which B. which; who C. which; that D. when; which19. I shall never forget those days _ I lived in the city with the workers, _ has had a great
46、 effect on my life.A. which; that B. which; which C. when; which D. when; who20. This is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen.A. where B. that C. what D. which21. We were deeply impressed by the teachers and the schools _ we had visited there.向上教育精心汇编10A. which B. whom C. who D
47、. that22. The girl _ we met yesterday is a film star, _ played the leading role in the film _we saw last time.A. when; who; which B. that; that; / C. /; who; / D. that; that; that23. It is the second school _ I used to work at, many teachers of _ still have a good relation with me.A. which; that B. where; that C. that; that D. that; which24. _ was known to them,
