1、 - 1 -英语作文 14 讲第一讲：句子的写作. 中考书面表达综述1. 中考书面表达答题步骤步骤 1: 认真审题。内容包括：a) 文字信息b) 表格、图标信息步骤 2: 巧妙构思。利用列提纲确定写作中心、组织 /筛检材料（注：提纲一定要涉及所有提供得要点）。步骤 3: 信息转换a) 以词及点：用一两个单词或短语写出每句话的细节要点。b) 连词成句：用联词成句的方法将上述要点的词语扩展成句子。c) 连句成文：正确使用表逻辑关系的连接词，使文章前后连贯，结构紧凑，过度自然。第 一 讲 句子的写作（五大句型 ）第 二 讲 句子的写作（简单句和复合句）第 三 讲 段落的写作：主题与扩展 第 四 讲
2、文章的结构：开头、主体和结尾第 五 讲 应用文：书信、电子邮件第 六 讲 应用文：发言稿、通知第 七 讲 记叙文：写人、叙事第 八 讲 说明文：介绍人物、事物的说明文第 九 讲 议论文第 十 讲 图表、图画作文第十一讲 提示性作文第十二讲 （半）开放式作文第十三讲 体验中考高分写作（一）第十四讲 体验中考高分写作（二）写作指导针对性练习满分作文必备词句实战演练家庭作业师生互动、发散性思维、 演练结合、当堂点评。- 2 -步骤 4: 检查修改。重点检查单词拼写、大小写、标点符号等。步骤 5: 规范抄写。保持卷面整洁。如书写较差，以致影响阅读，分数将降低一个档次。2. 案例分析例题：你班进行了一次
3、综合实践活动。通过活动，同学们收获很大，尤其是李华同学进步最快。请你根据表格内容写一篇关于李华的短文。词数 80 个左右，文章开头已给出，不计入总词数。过去的表现 现在的表现经常与别人吵架 与别人相处融洽乱扔垃圾 爱护环境沉溺于电脑游戏 积极参加各种活动 参考作文对比，注意划线部分。三类一般作文 一类优秀作文We are very glad that Li hua has made great progress. Before the activity, he often quarreled with other students, and never said sorry to others
4、. He always threw trash in the classroom. Sometimes, he played computer games for a very long time. But now, he can make good friends with others. Also, he is very active in taking part in a lot of activities, such as playing basketball, visiting the museums, go swimming. We all like him very much.W
5、e are very glad that Li Hua has made great progress. But he used to be impolite and even often quarreled with others. He threw litter about and made our classroom dirty. After class, he usually lost himself in playing computer games. After this activity, Li Hua has changed a lot. He gets on well wit
6、h others and is ready to help them. He also takes good care of the environment. He takes an active part in all kinds of activities, too. We are all glad of his progress.（初一、初二）练习题：通过讨论、分析以下例题，找出写作题材、要点、人称和时态。例题：下面六幅图描述了十月九日星期三早晨你所经历的一件事。请根据这些图画，用英语写一篇日记。注意：1. 日记须包括所有图画的内容，可以适当增加细节，使其连贯。2. 词数：100 左右。
7、. 句子的写作 文章无论长短，都是由句子组成的。要想写出漂亮的英文作文，就需使用正确无误的、符合英文文法的句子。从用途来分，句子可以分为陈述句，疑问句，祈使句和感叹句；从结构来分，句子可分为简单句，并列句，复合句和并列复合句。英文句子千变万化，但无论怎样，都离不开五种基本句型。1. 写作指导-五种基本句型- 3 -（1）主语+谓语 My father smokes a lot. Some are dancing, some are singing.（2）主语+连系动词+ 表语She is an English teacher.The one in red shirt is my uncle.（
8、3）主语+谓语+ 宾语He likes learning Chinese.We all donated our pocket money.（4）主语+谓语+ 间接宾语+直接宾语Mr. Wang teaches us English.I lent her my book.【注意】并不是所有得动词都能用于此句型。除以上两词外，能用于此句型的动词主要有两大类: (1) bring, give, sell, show, take, tell, throw, write 等；(2) buy, find, get, leave, make, save, choose 等。（5）主语+谓语+ 宾语+宾补I
9、often ask him to help me with my homework.We chose him our monitor.练习题（一） 、请将下列词连成句子。1). walk, supper, shall, we, have, after, a ?_2). I, him, my, considered, friend, best._3). has, homework, he, not, done, his._4). to, work, finish, we, difficult, the, it, found._练习题（二） 、分析句子并改错。1). There was no pe
10、ople to take care of the children.改：_2). There are a desk and two chairs in the room.改：_3). Mr. Wang went to bed until 12 last night.改：_4). When one have knowledge, he can do what he want to do.改：_5). When I get to the station the train leave.改：_6). Could you tell me where shall we meet tomorrow?改：_
11、7). Watch TV too much is bad for our eyes.改：_8). Though we were very tired, but we felt very happy.- 4 -改：_2. 满分作文 用优美的语言描写你的学校。要求：请你用英语写一篇短文，词数 80 左右。短文要求达意、正确、连贯。My SchoolAt the foot of the mountain there is a river. By the river there is a small school.The school has no tall building. It has only
12、 four old houses. Though old, it is funny and interesting.Before the houses there is a wooden yard. Students can play freely there after classes. Behind the houses there is a nut garden. When autumn comes, the nuts are in harvest. They are delicious.On the top of a house there stands a big iron bowl
13、. Do you know what it is? It is used to receive TV programs. Wth its help students can know the world far away. Its amazing, isnt it? This is my school. Please come and see it.3. 必备（背）词句。要求仿例模仿造句。be crazy about 发狂的喜欢例句：I am really crazy about Michael Jacksons rocknroll. 造句_ give sb. a hand / give a
14、hand to sb. 帮助某人翻译：向危难之人伸出援助之手。_ the 比较级 the 比较级 越越翻译：你越努力，你进步越大。_ make (full) use of （充分）利用翻译：我们应该充分利用水。_ Theres no point in doing sth. 做某事无意义、没必要翻译：等待毫无意义。_ would rather do sth. than do sth. 宁愿（可）做 不愿做 翻译：我宁愿在家看电视也不愿去看电影。_.4. 实战演练：佳句仿写a) To tell you the truth, all of us were born in the year of go
15、at. 实话告诉你吧，我们都是羊年出生的。实话告诉你吧，她是我们班学习最好的。_.b) Helen is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. 海伦是我见过最美丽的女孩。张老师是我遇到的最仁慈的老师。_.c) Reading is good for our mind. 读书对我们的心智有益。做早操对我们有好处。_.d) Nothing is difficult to do as long as you want to have a try. 只要肯尝试，任何事情都不难！- 5 -只要你需要我，我就愿意伸出援助之手。_.书面表达评分标准：说
16、明：先根据文章整体内容和语言表达确定档次，然后在该档次内评出分数。第一档：（1210 分）完全符合题目要求，表达思想清楚，内容丰富。使用多种语法结构和丰富的词汇，语言通顺，语意连贯，具有逻辑性。允许个别语言错误。第二档：（97 分）符合题目要求，表达思想基本清楚，内容完整。语法结构和词汇基本满足文章需要。语言基本通顺，语意基本连贯。有少量语言错误，但不影响整体理解。第三档：（64 分）部分内容符合题目要求，表达思想不清楚，内容不完整。语法结构和词汇错误较多，语言不通顺，影响整体理解。第四档：（30 分）与题目有关的内容不多，不能表达自己的思想。只是简单拼凑提示词语，所写内容难以理解。5. 初二
17、家庭作业：根据中、英文提示，将下列要点连成一个小段落Appearance 又高又壮Personalities 随和；有创新精神 (creative)Shortcomings(缺点) 花钱太多TomYour opinion(s) _初三家庭作业 作文北京四中 2009 根据中文大意，写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于 50 词的短文。所给英语提示词语供选用。目前洋快餐在中国非常流行，许多中学生都很喜欢。洋快餐餐厅不仅拥有较好的环境，而且能够提供方便快捷的服务。但是请结合你自己的经历，谈谈你对洋快餐的看法。提示词语：foreign fast food, popular, like, clean, se
18、rvice, fast and convenient （方便的）, too much_- 6 -_作文讲座收获的短语、句型发狂的喜欢向某人伸出援手(2)越 越. 充分利用做某事无意义，没必要宁愿做某事不愿做.实话告诉你吧我见过的最美的女孩做早操对我们有好处只要 如此.以至于 - 7 -作文北京四中 2009 答案 Foreign fast food is so popular in China that many students like eating it. They like eating in fast food restaurants because most of them are
19、 clean and the service is fast and convenient. But fast food has too much salt, sugar and fat, and eating it too much is bad for peoples health. Although the fast food is not very healthy to us, I like it because it is quite different from Chinese food and it tastes good. When we hold a party, we us
20、ually choose eating there. But I dont think its all right to eat foreign fast food very often. If we eat it only once a month, we neednt worry about anything. - 8 -第二讲：句子的写作-简单句和复合句中考书面表达对优秀作文要求之一是句法的正确使用。简单句与复合句的选择和灵活运用不但可以增强文章的表现力，而且还使文章富有节奏感。写出漂亮的简单句，使简单句不简单；巧妙使用各种复合句，提升文章的档次。这是写出优秀作文的必要条件。【切记】考试
21、时不使用没有把握的句子。. 简单句1. 写作指导-精彩的简单句（1）连词词组、介词短语和动词固定搭配的使用：此部分内容需考生熟练掌握。a) 连词词组：bothand, neithernor, eitheror, as well as等b) 介词短语：fromto，till/until, by means of, in favor of等c) 动词固定搭配：make progress, have fun, take time, keep a promise等（2）感叹句的使用：熟练使用以 how 和 what 引导的感叹句，突出说话人的强烈情感。a) what+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主语
22、(it)+谓语(is)!b) How+adj.(adv.)+主语(it)+谓语(is)!（3）强调句的使用：强调句的种类繁多，也是考试的难点之一。在使用时，考生需要根据自身实力酌情选择。以下是书面表达中易掌握的强调句式。a) do(does/did)+动词原形b) It 引导的强调句：It is (was)+被强调部分+that (who)+句子其他部分c) 倒装句：倒装是考试难点中的难点。书面表达中可能用到的两种倒装句式： Only+状语 +助动词( 情态动词)+ 主语+ 谓语 so(neither/nor)+助动词 (系动词/情态动词)+ 主语 (so 表示肯定意义、neither/nor
23、 表示否定意义)2. 练习：用以下词组填空by means of keep promise in favor ofas well as neithernor take time1) _ I _ she is a teacher.我和她都不是老师。2) Fei Junlong _ Yang Liwei are the national heroes.费俊龙和杨利伟一样也成为了人民英雄。3) She tried to explain _body language.她试着通过肢体语言来解释。4) Im _his opinion.我同意他的观点。5) English studying_.- 9 -学英
24、语很花费时间。6) I must _my _.我得遵守诺言/我不能食言。. 复合句1. 写作指导（1）熟悉各种从句的结构。复合句是初中阶段重要的语法项目，是中考考察的重点。希望大家熟练掌握常用复合句的构成、先行词/引导词、主句和从句的时态等。（2）掌握句型转换技巧。很多同学都存在概念混淆、理解不透彻的问题。因此，建议大家在做书面表达题时尽量将较长的、复杂的复合句转换成我们比较习惯的简单句。提高训练自己用多种方式表达相同意思的能力。2. 练习（一） 、将下列含宾语从句的复合句转换为简单句1) We cant decide what we should do. (用不定式替换)_.2) I rem
25、ember that I once met her at a party. (用动词固定搭配替换)_.（二） 、将下列含状语从句的复合句转化为简单句1) He studied hard in order that he could pass the exam. (用介词短语替换)_.2） Turn off the light before you leave the classroom. (用分词结构替换)_.（三） 、用两种方法表达同样的意思1）他们玩得很开心。(提示：have a good time; enjoy oneself)_._.2）我六点才到家。(提示：when; notunti
26、l)_._. 满分作文快餐在中国很流行，但快餐对人体却没什么好处。请根据下面中文提示，以“Fast Food”为题，写一篇 80 词左右得英语短文。提示：（1）快餐十分流行，尤其是儿童很喜欢；（2）快餐受欢迎的原因：方便(convenient)、省时；既可在快餐店吃可以带家吃；（3）从营养角度讲快餐食品不利于健康；（4）建议：如时间来不及可吃快餐，但儿童应尽量少吃。- 10 -要求：句子通顺，语言表达正确，可适当增加细节使内容连贯。Fast FoodFast food is becoming more and more popular in China, especially among ch
27、ildren.There are several reasons for the fast food. First, it is very convenient and save time. Second, you can either eat it in the restaurant or take it home. Third, the service is quite good.However, eating fast food too much will do harm to our health. I think fast food is only a good choice whe
28、n you are in a hurry. Its good for people, especially children, to eat fast food as little as possible. 必备（背）词句a) both and 和都例句：Both you and I are good students.你和我都是好学生。b) either or 不是就是/或例句：_.你可以在早晨或在临睡前记单词。c) not until 直到才例句：_.直到中午我们才赶到目的地（destination） 。 （尝试用倒装句表达）d) make progress 取得进步例句：We are e
29、ager to make progress.我们很渴望取得进步。e) not only but also 不但而且例句：_.我不但喜欢音乐，而且还喜欢体育。(尝试用倒装句表达)f) too to 太以至于不例句：I was too excited to go to sleep.我太兴奋了以至于无法入睡。. 实战演练：用另外一种方法表达a) 年龄 She is 8 years old._.b) 外貌 She has a round face and big eyes._.c) 性格 She is kind and easy to get along with._.d) 爱好 She likes
30、reading and music._.e) 体重 She weighs 32 kilos._.- 11 -. 家庭作业：翻译下列句子1) _.只有努力我们才能取得最后的成功。 （强调句）2) _. 是我父亲昨天晚上在实验室做实验（强调句）3) _. 千万保重！（强调句）4) _.那时我才意识到英语的重要性。 （强调句）5) _.约翰从没迟到过，我也从来没有过。 （倒装句）短文：根据下列中文提示，写一篇词数在 80 左右的短文.提示：1. 昨天在上学的路上，你 看见一个盲人在过马路，你给予帮助；2. 知道她要去第一人民医院买药，你一直把他送到英语才去上学；3. 你的老师了解情况后，说你做的对，
31、你感到很高兴。_第三讲：段落的写作段落是由一组共同表示一个中心思想的许多句子组合而成的。虽然每个段落都是文章的一部分，但它本身具有一定的完整性，即：思想内容的一致和句子的前后连贯性。. 写作指导- 12 -1. 概括性的主题句：每个段落都需有一个明确的主题句。主题句一般位于段首。主题句的功能：（1）为笔者提供紧紧围绕写作目标的方法；【提示】主题句中的“中心词/中心思想”是选择支持事例或细节的 标杆。（2）为读者提供理解作者想表述内容的工具。2. 层次分明的事例和细节：仔细筛选事例或细节。所选事例/细节应从不同角度、不同深度解释、延展、支持、说明主题句的中心词/思想。事例和细节的选择应注意：（1
32、）每个事例/细节都应“服务/从属”于主题句的主旨，即主题句的中心词/中心思想；（2）相关事例/细节必须充分且有序排列；（3）巧妙运用关联词将事例与事例、细节与细节有机连接。 （参照关联词部分）3. 简洁明确、与主题句呼应的总结句：总结段落大意，位于段尾。练习一：分析对比以下两段文字，并根据要求完成任务。Sample Passage One (例文一) Sample Passage Two (例文二)Title:_ Title:_I had a wonderful summer. First, I started sleeping in every day. I would then go sw
33、imming with my friends. I stayed up late watching TV a lot, and I went to camp for a week. I wished my summer would never end!I like our English teacher. He is thirty-three years old. He is very strict with us, but very kind. He likes playing basketball. His class is very interesting and lively. He
34、works hard. I like him and my Maths teacher.任务：1. 用下划线标出以上两段文字的主题句。2. 分别列出例文一和例文二中支持主题句的事例/细节。3. 如果你是评分老师，你会给哪段文字打高分？为什么？4. 请给每段文字加一个标题。练习二：认真阅读下列主题句。(1) 找出以下每句的中心词(2) 给出 2-3 个支持事例或细节(3) 以一句话做总结1. This weekend I helped my parents with chores. 中心词：_ 支持事例/细节：_ 总结句：_2. There are some advantages to taking additional classes after school.- 13 - 中心词：_ 支持事例/细节：_
