1、英语五种基本句型一：S+V （主谓）二：S+V+P（主系表）三：S+V+O（主谓宾）四：S+V+IO+O（主谓间宾直宾）五：S+V+O+C（主谓宾宾补）基本句型一：S+V（主谓）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 （不及物动词）1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。2. The moon rose. 月亮升起了。3. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。5. Who c
2、ares? 管它呢？6. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。7. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。8. The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型二：S+V+P（主系表）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做系动词。系动词分两类：be, look, keep, seem 等属一类，表示情况；get, grow, become, turn 等属另一类，表示变化。b
3、e 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词：look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好，smell bad/难闻 （是系动词）1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. The troubleis that they are
4、short of money. 7. Our well has gone dry. 8. His face turned red. There be 结构： There be 表示存在有。这里的 there 没有实际意义，不可与副词there 那里混淆。 此结构后跟名词，表示（存在）有某事物 试比较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩。）/ 前一个 there 无实意，后一个 there 为副词 那里。基本句型三：S+V+O（主谓宾）此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这
5、类动词叫做及物动词。宾语位于及物动词之后，一般同主语构成一样，不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是代词宾格，如：me，him，them 等 （及物动词）1. Who knows the answer? 2. She smiled her thanks. 3. He has refused to help them. 4. He enjoys reading. 5. They ate what was left over. 6. He said “Good morning.“ 7. I want to have a cup of tea. 8. He admits that he was mistake
6、n. 基本句型四：S+V+IO+O （主谓间宾直宾）有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，如：give 给，pass 递，bring 带，show 显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人，为间接宾语；一个指物，为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。一般的顺序为：动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。如：Give me a cup of tea, please.强调间接宾语顺序为：动词 + 直接宾语 +介词+ 间接宾语。如：Show this house to Mr.Smith.若直接宾语为人称代词：动词+ 代词直接宾语 +介词 + 间接宾语。如：Bring it to me,please. （及物）（多指人）（多
7、指物）1. She ordered herself a new dress. 2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 3. He brought you a dictionary. 4. He denies her nothing. 5. I showed him my pictures. 6. I gave my car a wash. 7. I told him that the bus was late. 8. He showed me how to run the machine.基本句型五：S+V+O+C （主谓宾宾补）此句型的句子的共
8、同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。宾语补足语：位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系，它们一起构成复合宾语。名词/代词宾格 + 名词The war made him a soldier.名词/代词宾格 + 形容词New methods make the job easy. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语I often find him at work. 名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式The teacher ask the students to close the windows.名词/
9、代词宾格 + 分词I saw a cat running across the road. （及物）（宾语）（宾补）1. They appointed him manager. 2. They painted the door green. 3. This set them thinking. 4. They found the house deserted. 5. What makes him think so? 6. We saw him out. 7. He asked me to come back soon. 8. I saw them getting on the bus. 课堂练
10、习判断下列简单句的句型，并翻译每个句子。1 They were kind. 2 She is in the room. 3 The books are on the desk.4 The man disappeared in the street. 5 Snow is white. 6 She wanted some help7 I slept well last night.8 He wanted you to go with him.9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday 10 She asks me to help her .11 My parents leave me some money .12 Lucy leads me a pencil . 13 He arrived yesterday. 14 The boy is crying loudly. 15 She died in 2000. 16 I like music. 17 I built a house last year. 18 The boy was foolish . 19 I watch the boy playing foot ball.20 Lu Yang told the little boy to go home.
