1、1十一、状语从句种 类从属连词 例 句 说 明WhenwheneverWhen I came into the room, he was writing a letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。when 指的是“某一具体的时间”whenever 指的是 “在任何时间”whenI was walking along the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind.我正在街上走着，这时忽然有人从
2、后面拍我的肩膀。when 意为“这时”或“在那个时候”,可以看作是并列句,这种用法的 when 分句一般位于句末。whileWhile it was raining, they went out.天下雨的时候，他们出去了。I stayed while he was away.他不在的时候我在。My friend likes shopping while I like sports.(对比) 我的好友喜欢购物，而我喜欢体育。while 指“在某一段时间里” ，“在期间” ，while 引导的动作必须是持续性的有时又对比的意思。asThey talked as they walked. 他们边走边
3、聊天。As the wine ages, its flavor improves. 酒保存的时间越长，味道就越香醇。As he finished his speech, the audience burst into applause. 他结果讲话时，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。1. as 引导持续性动作，表示一边一边强调从句和主句中两个动作交替进行或同步进行2. 表示“随着”之意，一般多用 as 3.如表示两个短促动作几乎同时发生时，用 as 场合多于whenbefore Be a pupil before you become a teacher.先做学生，再做先生。after He arri
4、ved after the game started.比赛开始后，他到了。till We waited till (until)he came back .我们一直等到他回来。 如主句动词是持续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”untilShe didnt stop working until eleven oclock .她到11 点钟才停止工作。Until he had passed out of sight, she stood there.她站在那里看着，直到看不见他的身影。如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直才” “在以前不”,从句放在句首表示强调，一般用 untilsinc
5、eas soon asGreat changes have taken place in China since 1978.自从 1978 年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, Ill write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。时间状从hardlywhenno soonerthanI had hardly got home when it began to rain.我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it bega
6、n to rain.No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.我们刚到车站，火车就走了。Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.我们刚开始就被叫停。hardlywhen 和 no soonerthan的意义相当于 as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly 或 no sooner 位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装2every time, by the time, the moment 等Every time I
7、travelled by boat, I got seasick.我每次乘船都晕船。The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。Next time you come ,youll see him.下次你来的时候，就会见到他。在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时地点状从wherewhereverWhere there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。Where there is water there is life.哪里有水，哪里就有生命。You
8、 are free to go wherever you like.你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。Wherever you go, you must obey the law.无论你去哪都要遵守法律。where 与 wherever 意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语because I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。 because 用来回答 why 的问题，语气最强sinceSince everyone is here, lets begin our meeting.既然大家都到了，我们开始
9、开会。since 表示既然或全已知的理由 ,稍 加 分 析 即可表明的原因,多放句首asAs he didnt know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。原因状从now that, seeing thatNow (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。Seeing (that) he was badly il
10、l, we sent for the doctor.鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。seeing (that), now that 和 since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that 可以省去目的状从thatso thatin order thatlest = for fear thatI shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。Well tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.我
11、把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.多穿点衣服，以免感冒。目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号结果状从so thatsothatWe
12、 turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。He was so excited that he couldnt say a word.他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。so that 前有逗号为结果状语从句sothat 的 so 后面跟形容词或副词3suchthatHe gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。It is such an interesting novel that all of
13、 us want to read it. It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it. 这是一本十分有趣的书，大家都想看。suchthat 的 such 后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用 such a /anthat 还可以转换用sothat，语气较强条件状从ifunlessas/so long asin caseso far asDifficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。We shall go there tomo
14、rrow unless it rains.除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesnt rain.So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。In case I forget, please remind me about it .万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。So far as I know, the book will be published next month. 据我所知，那本书下月出版。unless 从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless 和
15、ifnot 同义，unless 是书面语，ifnot 是口语，通常二者可以换用条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时方式状从asas ifas thoughDraw a cat as I taught you .按照我教你的画一只猫。Do as you are told.按照人家告诉你做的去做。She looks as if she is ill.看上去她好象是生病了。He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。They treat the black boy as if (th
16、ough) he were an animal. 他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。此处 as 译为：按照或正如as if 或 as though 的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气althoughthoughAlthough (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能
17、再用“但是” （but）但可以与yet 或 still 连用。though / although 意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面even if,even thoughIll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.即使明天下雨，我也要去。even if 和 even though 的意思为“即使” “纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中让步状从asChild as he is , he knows a lot .虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)th
18、e children play outdoors.虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。as 引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though 或 although 引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。4no matter (who, what when, where which, how)Do it no matter what others say.不管别人怎么说,尽管干。No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。No matter who takes up the m
19、atter for me ,I shall be very grateful.不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。no matter与 who-ever 引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后wh+ever (whatever whoever ,whenever whichever ,however)Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。Whoever comes, he will be welcome.无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。asas
20、,not so/asasthe sameassuchasMary is as old as my sister.玛利和我姐姐一样大。He doesnt run so (as) fast as Jack (does).他不如杰克跑得那样快。His book is the same as mine.他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用 asas 否定句可用 not asas 或 not soasthanShe has made greater progress this y
21、ear than she did last year.她今年比去年进步更大。He bought fewer books than I (did).他买的书比我买的少。比较状从the morethe moreThe more you read, the better you understand.你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。 The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.你工作越努力，你取得
22、的进步就越大。The sooner, the better.越快越好。The warmer, the better.越暖和越好。 the morethe more 意思为越越，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个 the 都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面精练 一1.Ill let you know _ he comes back.A. before B. because C. as soon as D. although2. She will sing a song _ she is asked.A. if B. unless C. for D. since3. We will
23、 work _ we are needed.A. whenever B. because C. since D. wherever4. Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. if C. when D. although5._ you go, dont forget your people.A. Whenever B. However C. Wherever D. Whichever6. It is about ten years _ I met you last.A. since B. for C. when D. as7.
24、They will never succeed, _ hard they try.5A. because B. however C. when D. since8. _ still half drunk, he made his way home.A. When B. Because C. Though D. As9. _ she was very tired, she went on working.A. As B. Although C. Even D. In spite of10. Busy _ he was, he tried his best to help you.A. as B.
25、 when C. since D. for11. I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. though B. although C. as if D. when12. _ we got to the station, the train had left already.A. If B. Unless C. Since D. When13. _ the rain stops, we 11 set off for the station.A. Before B. Unless C. As soon as D. Though14
26、. She was _ tired _ she could not move an inch.A. so, that B. such, that C. very, that D. so, as15. We didnt go home _ we finished the work.A. since B. until C. because D. though16. Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even if B. as though C. because D. until17. Although its raining, _ are st
27、ill working in the field.A. they B. but they C. and they D. so they18. Speak to him slowly _ he may understand you better. A. since B. so that C. for D. because19. Youll miss the train _ you hurry up. A. unless B. as C. if D. until20. When you read the book, you d better make a mark _ you have any q
28、uestions.A. at which B. at where C. the place D. where21. Wed better hurry _ it is getting dark.A. and B. but C. as D. unless22. I didn t manage to do it _ you had explained how.A. until B. unless C. when D. before23._ he comes, we wont be able to go.A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even24. I hurri
29、ed _ I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless25. _ I catch a cold, I have pain in my back.A. Every time B. Though C. Even D. Where26. Whats the matter _ they still havent answered the telegram?A. when B. that C. though D. however27. Bring it nearer _ I may see it better.A.
30、although B. even though C. so that D. since28. You may arrive in Beijing early _ you mind taking the night train.A. that B. though C. unless D. if29. Helen listened carefully _ she might discover exactly what she needed.A. in that B. in order that C. in case D. even though30. More people will eat ou
31、t in restaurants _ they do today.A. than B. when C. while D. as31._ hard she tries, she can hardly avoid making mistakes in her homework.A. Much B. However C. As D. Although32. Poor _ it may be, there is no place like home, _ you may go.A. as; wherever B. though; whenever C. in spite of; when D. tha
32、t; wherever33. The child was _ immediately after supper.A. enough tired to go to bed B. too tired to go to bedC. so tired that he went to bed D. very tired, he went to bed34. The history of nursing _ the history of man.A. as old as B. is old than C. that is as old as D. is as old as635. _ born in Ch
33、icago, the author was famous for his stories about New York.A. Since B. Once C. When D. Although36._ we stood at the top of the building, the people below were hardly visible.A. As B. Although C. Unless D. In spite of37. Scarcely was George Washington in his teens _ his father died.A. than B. as C.
34、while D. when38. _ David goes, he is welcome.A. Whichever B. However C. Wherever D. Whatever39. The house stood _ there had been a rock.A. which B. at which C. when D. where40. Small _ it is, the pen is a most useful tool. A. because B. so C. if D. as41. After the new technique was introduced, the f
35、actory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as42. The piano in the other shop will be _, but _.A. cheaper; not as better B. more cheap; not as betterC. cheaper; not as good D. more cheap; not as good43. John plays football _,
36、 if not better than, David.A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as44. Although he is considered a great writer, .A. his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely readC. however his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read45. _ the day went on, the we
37、ather got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As46.What was the party like? Wonderful. It s years _ I enjoyed myself so much.A. after B. when C. before D. since47. It was not _ she took off her dark glasses _ I realized she was a famous film star.A. when; that B. until; that C. until; when D. when;
38、then 48. If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any difficulty, _ great it is.A. what B. how C. however D. whatever49. After the war, a new school building was put up _ there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. which D. when50._, Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. Ho
39、wever late is he B. However he is lateC. However is he late D. However late he is 51. He will come to call on you the moment he _ his painting.A. will finish B. finished C. has finished D. had finished52. _ difficult the task may be, we will try our best to complete it in time.A. No matter B. No won
40、der C. Though D. However53. It was _ that she couldnt finish it by herself.A. so difficult a work B. such a difficult work C. so difficult work D. such difficult work精练二1. John shut everybody out of the kitchen _he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.A. which B. when C. so that D. as if2.
41、 I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment.A. until B. if C. when D. that3. As far as I am concerned， education is about learning and the more you learn，_.A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you areC. the more life you are equipp
42、ed for D. you are equipped the more for life4. After the war，a new school building was put up _there had once been a theatre.A. that B. where C. which D. when5. Is Mr. Smith in the office?Yes， _ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.A. since B. however C. whether D. for6. As your good frien
43、d, I will do _help you.7A. that I can to B. what I can to C. all that I can D. what I can7. John may phone tonight. I dont want to go out _he phones.A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that8. Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up _I could answer the phone.A. as B
44、. since C. until D. before9. Dont look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.Oh, _others are weak, he is strong.A. If B. When C. Where D. Though10. It is ten years _he smoked.A. that B. when C. since D. while11. We must hurry up _catch up with the last train.A. that B. so that to C. in order that
45、 D. in order to12. No matter _hard it may be，I will carry it out.A. what B. whatever C. how D. however13. _ you may do，you must do it well.A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When14. Are you thinking about going to New York for the holiday?No. But if I _the time，I would definitely go.A. have B. had
46、C. have had D. would have15. _ you are so weak，youd better stay at home.A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though16.English and French are taught here. You can choose _you like.A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever17.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other _I left London.A.
47、 as B. before C. since D. till18.Ill be back before you _.A. will leave B. will have left C. leave D. would leave19.The problem wont be settled until we _a chance to discuss it thoroughly.A. have had B. will have C. will have had D. would have20.If you _this experiment，you will understand the theory
48、 better.A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would do21.They went on working _it was late at night.A. even if B. as if C. however D. as though22.I hurried _I wouldnt be late for class.A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless23.The volleyball match will be put off if it _.A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining24._ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your
