1、及物动词和不及物动词的区别英 语 中 按 动 词 后 可 否 直 接 跟 宾 语 ， 可 把 动 词 分 成 及 物 动 词 和 不 及 物 动 词 。不 及 物 动 词 ： 字 典 里 词 后 标 有 vi. 的 就 是 不 及 物 动 词 。 不 及 物 动 词 后 不 能 直接 跟 有 动 作 的 对 象 （ 即 宾 语 ） 。 若 要 跟 宾 语 ， 必 须 先 在 其 后 添 加 上 某 个 介词 ， 如 to,of ,at 后 方 可 跟 上 宾 语 。 具 体 每 个 动 词 后 究 竟 加 什 么 介 词 就 得 联 系动 词 短 语 了 .1)及物动词 后面必须跟宾语意义才完
2、整的实义动词，叫做及物动词(transitive verb)。如： I believe that the meeting will consider our suggestion.我相信委员会将会考虑我们的建议。 “How long can I keep the book ?”Harry asked.哈里问：“这本书我可以借多久?” 2)不及物动词 本身意义完整后面不须跟宾语的实义动词，叫做不及物动词(intransitive verb)。如： Birds fly.鸟会飞。 It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三；年六月。 My watch stopped.我的表
3、停了。 She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening. 她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。 3)兼作及物动词和不及物动词 英语里有不少实义动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况： a)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。试比较： Shall I begin at once?我可以立刻开始吗?(begin 作不及物动词) She began working as a librarian after she left school.她毕业后当图书馆管理员。(began 作及物动词 ) When did they leave Chicago?
4、他们是什么时候离开芝加哥的？(leave 作及物动词) They left last week. 他们是上周离开的。 (left 作不及物动词) b)兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，有时意义不尽相同。如： Wash your hands before meals.饭前要洗手。 Does this cloth wash well? 这布经得起洗吗? 4) 与汉语的比较 有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况： a)有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而汉语则可用作及物动词，如 arrive到达，agree 同意，1isten 听。英语里这些动词后面常接介词。如： W
5、e arrived at the railway station at noon.我们于中午到达火车站。(at 不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.) Everybody listened to the lecture with great interest.每个人都很有兴趣地听讲课。(to 不可省去)(比较：We all heard the lecture.) Do they agree to the plan?他们同意这个计划吗?(to 不可省去) b)有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve 为
6、服务。 Our children are taught to serve the people wholeheartedly.我们的儿童被教以全心全意为人民服务 英语学习中的六种基本句型结构简单句：如果句中只有一个主谓结构，而且各个成分都只由单词或短语表示，称为简单句。句型 1：主谓结构：Subject (主语) Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词，常见的动词：work, sing, swim, fish, jump, arrive, come, die, disappear, cry, happen 等。1) Li Ming works very hard.2) The l
7、ittle girl cried even harder. 3) The accident happened yesterday afternoon.句型 2：Subject (主语) Link. V(系动词) Predicate(表语)这种句型主要用来表示主语的特点、身份等。其系动词一般可分为下列两类：1）be( am,is,are,was, were),2）感官系动词 seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound This kind of food tastes delicious. 3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, g
8、o, run, fall, come, grow remain, stay, keep, continue, Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.句型 3：主谓宾结构：Subject(主语) Verb (谓语) Object (宾语)这种句型中的动词一般为及物动词。其宾语通常由名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句等来充当。1) He took his bag and left.（名词） 2) Li Lei always helps me when I have difficulties. (代词)3) She plans to trave
9、l in the coming May Day.（不定式）4) I dont know what I should do next. (从句)句型 4：S 十 V 十间接宾语+直接宾语：Subject(主语)Verb(谓语)Indirect object(间接宾语 )Direct object (直接宾语)这种句型中，直接宾语为主要宾语，在句中不可或缺，常常由表示“物” 的名词来充当；间接宾语也被称之为第二宾语，去掉之后，对整个句子的影响不大，多由指“ 人” 的名词或代词承担。引导这类双宾语的常见动词有：buy, pass, lend, give, tell, teach, show, bri
10、ng, send 等。此结构由主语+及物谓语动词+ 间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）组成；但若要先说出直接宾语（事物） ，后说间接宾语（人） ，则要借助于介词 to 或for。用 to 侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用 for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助 to 的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask 等。（需借助 for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw
11、, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare 等。例如：He brought me a pen.=He brought a pen to me.Mother bought me a book.= Mother bought a book for me句型 5：主谓宾补结构：Subject(主语)Verb (动词) Object (宾语)Complement(补语)这种句型中的“ 宾语 补语” 统称为“复合宾语”。宾语补足语的主要作用或者是补充、说明宾语的特点、身份等；或者表示让宾语去完成的动作等。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词
12、不定式等。1）You should keep the room clean and tidy.（形容词）2) We made him our monitor.(名词)3) His father told him not to play in the street.(不定式) 常见的动词有: tell, ask, advise, help, want, would like, order, force, allow 等。 注意：动词 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch 等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时，不带 to。1) The boss
13、made him do the work all day.2) I heard her sing in the next room all the time last night.句型 6：There be + 主语 + 其它这一结构表示“ 某地有某物 ”。主语一般位于 there be 之后。值得关注的是，当句中有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：1) There are two girls and a boy running on the playground.练习 一）判断这些句子的类型并理解 be 动词的用法（连系动词助动词）1.The boy is asleep (_
14、式)2.The boy is sleeping. (_式) 3.The boy is playing the guitar. (_式) 4.He is playing happily. (_式) 5.His music is very beautiful. (_式) 6.It is beautiful music. (_式) 二）判断这些句子的类型 1. She is a very good girl . (_式) (_ 语) (_词) (_语) 2. The girl is very good. (_式) (_语) (_词) (_语) 3. They laughed. (_式) (_语) (
15、_词) 4. The kites fly in the sky. (_式) (_语) (_词) 5. I bought a new bike. (_式 ) (_语) (_词) (_语) 6. He plays volleyball. (_式) (_语) (_词) (_语) 7. She told me a story. (_式) (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语) 8. He gave me a good book. (_式) (_语) (_ 词) (_语)(_语 ) 9.He asked me to help him. (_ 式) (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语) 10.He ma
16、de me happy. (_式 ) (_语) (_词) (_语) (_语) 2) There is a boy and two girls running on the playground. 11.He got through the window. 12Youll get a surprise. 13He got his shoes and socks wet. 14. He got himself into trouble. 15He got her a nice present. 16 Pleas tell us a story._ 17. She smiled._ 18. I ha
17、ve a lot work to do._ 19His job is to train swimmers._20He noticed a man nter the room._ 21. Please look at the picture._ 画出下列句子的谓语 1. He asked me to give him a hand. 2. There will be a meeting at the library this morning. 3. I dont know what to do. 4. We are very interested in English. 5. The days
18、get longer and longer when summer comes. b. 选出下列句子中的宾语 1. Some of the students in the school want to go swimming. 2. The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. 3. They made him monitor of the class. 4. I like playing chess, 5. I dont know what to do. c.选出句子的宾语补足语 1. She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.2. We find the movie very interesting.3. I found the box empty. 4. The cold weather is turning the leaves yellow.5. They watch the children plat football. 6. What makes you think so? 什么使你这样想。7. He asked me to give him a hand.
