1、09年排名第 4 有是石油行业了。没办法啊。英国石油公司（British Petroleum，简称 BP），是世界最大私营石油公司之一（即国际石油七姊妹之一），也是世界前十大私营企业集团之一，2007 年营业额达到公司 2914.38亿美元。该前身是创立于 1908年的盎格鲁波斯石油公司（Anglo-Persian Oil Company），1954 年改称英国石油公司。该公司整合探油、探气、炼油、储油、售油、零售等营业领域。在 1998年一次购并行动后，BP不再作为 British Petroleum的缩写，而成为公司正式名称。在广告上，该公司有时使用“超越石油”“Beyond Petrol
2、eum”来宣传业务。1909-19551908年，英国人 William Knox DArcy 获得伊朗国王批准，开始商业性地开发他在 1901年于波斯湾发现的石油资源。1909 年 4月 14日，新组建的“昂格鲁-波斯石油公司”(Anglo-Persian Oil Company，APOC)投入此项开发。初时业务进展不大，但第一次世界大战爆发时，英国政府认识到了石油资源的重要性，开始收购该公司股权，该公司也开始向皇家海军提供燃油。战后，英国政府已经拥有达 51%之股份，并开展在欧洲各地的业务。但公司关注焦点仍然放在波斯湾。1931年，该公司购并了当时与其合作从事行销的壳牌公司，改组出一家“壳
3、牌麦克斯英国石油公司”(Shell-Mex and BP Ltd)，但负责在伊朗(当时仍称波斯)的业务的仍是 APOC。壳牌公司在 1975年与英国石油分家。出于对帝国主义不满情绪的高涨，伊朗曾在 1932年战时撤回对 APOC的特许，经过一年谈判，双方协议给予伊朗更多股份和收益，该公司在湾区的业务才恢复。1936 年波斯改称伊朗，该公司亦改称“昂格鲁-伊朗石油公司”(“Anglo-Iranian Oil Company“，AIOC)。二战以后区域内的民族情绪高涨。亲西方的伊朗政府在 1949年曾短暂与该公司达成新协议。但 1951年 3月，亲西方的伊朗首相 Ali Razmara 被刺杀，一
4、个月后，伊朗国会通过议案将 AIOC国有化，并推举民族主义政治家穆沙德(Mohammed Mossadeq)为新首相。穆沙德认为，该公司是帝国主义剥削伊朗的代表，唯有国有化政策才能使伊朗人民享有应有权益。但英国政府成功地说服美国共同出面维护西方在海湾的利益，以抵制可能逐渐增加的苏联的影响，并声称穆沙德政权是亲共政府。1953 年 8月在美国中情局协助下，一场政变推翻穆沙德，“昂格鲁-伊朗石油公司”重回海湾，以 40%外资股权方式在伊朗恢复业务，并正式改称“英国石油公司”(BP)。新方案虽使该公司稍受打击，但世界银行协助了 BP 在海湾其他国家的投资计划，使其利润不坠。有英国石油公司早期商标的加
5、油站 1960s-1980s1960年代起，英国石油公司开始关注美国阿拉斯加和欧洲北海的油源开发。这一新创举在 1970年代实现量产，使英国石油公司能抗击后来发生的两次石油危机。但阿拉斯加的原住民声称，该公司在当地的开发是非法的掠夺。英国石油公司为拓展美国业务，1970 年代又购并了美国“俄亥俄标准石油公司”(Standard Oil of Ohio)。1971 年开始，在中东国家石油公司的股权已部分或全部被当地政府收归国有，1979 年伊朗发生革命，英国石油在伊朗的霸权地位才告结束。BP plc (Formerly British Petroleum plc) is the third la
6、rgest global energy company and the 4th largest company in the world. As a multinational oil company (“oil major“ BP is the UKs largest corporation, with its headquarters in St Jamess, City of Westminster, London.12 The company is among the largest private sector energy corporations in the world, an
7、d one of the six “supermajors“ (vertically integrated private sector oil exploration, natural gas, and petroleum product marketing companies).3 The Company is listed on the London Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the FTSE 100 Index.BP retail brandsBP gasoline station in Zanesville, Ohio using
8、previous BP prototype. BPBP is one of the worlds shortest and most valuable brands. The Helios Logo (Helios was the name of the Greek sun god), represents energy in its many forms. The value of the brand is enhanced by the fact that the company owns the two letter internet domain . The company manag
9、ement was ahead of the internet age registering the domain in 1989 (Nov 10 1989), years before internet became popular. Only very few large corporations are in the VB.com Internet Hall of Fame and own their acronym as two letter domain name.70ampmMain article: ampmampm is a convenience store chain w
10、ith branches located in several U.S. states including Arizona, California, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, recently in Illinois, Indiana, Georgia and Florida, and in several countries worldwide such as Japan. In the western US, the stores are usually attached to an ARCO gas station; elsewhere, the store
11、s are attached to BP gas stations. BP Connect stations in the US are transitioning to the ampm brand.ARCOARCO is BPs retail brand on the US West Coast in the seven Western States of California, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, Idaho, Arizona, and Utah. BP acquired ARCO (formerly the AtlanticRichfieldComp
12、any) in 2000. ARCO is a popular “cash only“ retailer, selling products refined from Alaska North Slope crude at plants at Cherry Point (WA), Los Angeles (CA) and at other contract locations on the West Coast.BP Travel CentreBP Travel Centers are large scale destination sites located in Australia whi
13、ch on top of offering the same features of a BP Connect site with fuel and a Wild Bean Cafe, also feature major food-retail tenants such as McDonalds, KFC, Nandos and recently Krispy Kreme, with a large seating capacity foodcourt. There are also facilities for long-haul truck drivers including loung
14、e, showers and washing machines all in the same building. There are 4 travel centers located in South East Queensland, Australia. Two on the Pacific Highway (Coomera and Stapylton) and two on the Bruce Highway (Caboolture). A fifth travel center was opened in 2007 at Chinderah in northern New South
15、Wales.BP ConnectBP Connect is BPs flagship retail brand name with BP Connect Service stations being operated around the UK, Europe, USA, Australia, New Zealand, Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and other parts of the world. BP Connect sites feature the Wild Bean Cafe which offers cafe style coff
16、ee made by the staff and a selection of hot food as well as freshly baked muffins and sandwiches. The food offered in Wild Bean Cafe varies from each site. BP Connect sites usually offer table and chair seating and often an Internet kiosk. In the US, the BP Connect concept is gradually being transit
17、ioned to the ampm brand and concept. Some BP Connect sites around the UK ran in partnership with Marks & Spencer with the on-site shop being an M&S Simply Food instead of a BP Shop.BP ExpressBP Express was the flagship BP brand prior to the introduction of BP Connect in 2000. There are still some BP
18、 Express sites operating around the world but most have been either upgraded to Connect or changed to an alternative brand. BP Express offers a bakery service but doesnt have the selection of food offered in the Wild Bean Cafe and usually coffee is only available through a self service machine.BP Sh
19、opA BP Petrol prices sign outside a BP Shop garage in the United Kingdom (prices in UK pence per litre).BP Shop is commonly used on smaller sites mainly independently owned sites. Products vary in each BP Shop but usually a selection of convenience store style food and automotive products.BP 2go bra
20、nded petrol station in Australia BP 2goBP 2go is a franchise brand used for independently operated sites in New Zealand and is currently being rolled out throughout Australia (Although not all BP 2go stores are franchises in Australia). BP 2go sites mainly operate in towns and outer suburbs in New Z
21、ealand. BP 2go offers similar bakery food to BP Connect but in a pre-packaged form. Some BP Express sites around New Zealand and Australia that were considered too small to be upgraded to BP Connect were given the option to change to BP 2go others were downgraded to BP Shop. Staff at some BP 2go sit
22、es wear a different style of uniform to the rest of the BP branded sites, however in company owned and operated 2go sites in Australia the same uniform is worn across all sites.CastrolCastrol is a brand of motor oil and other lubricants which is entirely a BP brand but tends to retain its separate identity.Air BP and BP ShippingAir BP is the aviation fuel arm, BP Marine the marine fuels and lubricants arm and BP Shipping is the Shipping arm within the BP group上
