1、Strategy Reference Education Development Reserch 2004.4Hu Dongfang/East China Normal University School of Education and Management Associate Professor PhD (Shanghai 200062)Diversification Development and Improvement Policy of Current China College Entrance Examination Hu DongfangAs other policies, t
2、he formulation and carrying out of college entrance examination is a systematic project. It involves various issues, including admission system, exam contents, problems design, admission way, etc. But the admission system is the kernel element. We can say that the development of new China college en
3、trance examination is mainly about the continuous development of admission system. After foundation of new China, transitive college entrance examination had been carried out in 1949-1952. 1952 is the beginning year of college entrance examination uniform admission system. When the Central Committee
4、 of the China Communist issued reformation of education system, college entrance examination policy headed towards diversification development, contributing to reasonable, effective talent selection and the guidance for middle schools entire implementation of education policy. We can easily realize
5、two conclusions by recalling history: firstly, the activation of new China education policy reformation refers to two aspects, the first of which is the response to times development and politics development, and the second of which is the rethinking and improvement for the problem of previous colle
6、ge entrance examination policy; college entrance examination reformation double indicates that any college entrance examination reformation is the product of corresponding policy, representing a certain policy(of course it is not vice versa).1 It is difficult to understand the pedagogy value and the
7、 social function produced if not talking about the fundamental issue of college entrance examination policy based on college entrance examination reformation, although college entrance examination reformation is just one part of whole education system reformation. In the light of this, there are two
8、 issues requiring research for the very influential current China college entrance examination policy: first, it is the factual issue. It researches the various influence before, current and future, for the entire education and society brought by the changes of college entrance examination policy si
9、nce 1985 in terms of factual layer. It also researches the effect of college entrance examination itself for education and society, conducting an objective evaluation for its success experience, defect and effect, finding out the change of education conception and transfer of policy target hided in
10、policy change procedure; second, it is the value issue. It points out the kind of college entrance examination policy that better contributes a good coordination between social development and human development. It further provides the basis of college entrance examination policy reformation that ca
11、n be accepted by people in terms of value layer. Therefore, this article researches the changing progress of diversification development of current China college entrance examination in terms of factual layer, and points out the improvement policy of diversification development of current China coll
12、ege entrance examination in terms of value layer.Strategy Reference Education Development Reserch 2004.4Hu Dongfang/East China Normal University School of Education and Management Associate Professor PhD (Shanghai 200062)One. Presentation of college entrance examination diversification developmenCur
13、rent China College Entrance Examination Diversification Development And Improvement StrategyIn 1985, due to the issuance of decision of education system reformation by central committee of China Communist, this year was endowed the value of watershed. In the fourth article of decision, there is a cl
14、ear regulation: reform admission plan and graduates distribution system of institute of high education, enlarge the self-management of institute of high education. This is a change of the current situation that state has the uniform plan for admission of institute of high education, state has the un
15、iform distribution way for graduates. This indicates state plan (state plan is later altered as state duty, form the three part of state admission plan with entrust cultivation, self-expense cultivation) admission, employer entrust recruitment, recruitment a few self-expense students. This is doom t
16、o be a starting stage of college entrance examination new round reformation, indicating efficiency, interest, fairness, and pursuing the value of diversification development. This also indicates that the admission of institute of high education is already in a new stage. Since 1994, college entrance
17、 examination policy shows the feature of diversification development overall. college entrance examination policy has four significant, influential system reformation, reflecting in enhancing personal choices, quality leading, and promoting development of institute of high education, and emphasis of
18、 humanistic concern.(one) college entrance examination admission plan unification policy issuanceCollege entrance examination admission plan unification policy issuance is a significant reformation of state admission distribution system which was on trial in 1994 and was entirely carried out in all
19、institutes in 1997. The State Council opinions points out, actively promote the admission and charging reformation of institute of high education, medium professional school, technical school. Gradually implement the regulation of students self-pay for school, most graduates self-choose for employme
20、nt. This is the unification reformation of high education institute, which is the reformation of admission, charging, graduate employment of high education institute. Speak in detail, first, admission unification reformation is in the range of admission system reformation. State admission system inc
21、ludes admission plan, admission policy, selection form, entrance exam, admission way, etc. Admission unification reformation is mainly about no longer according state duty admission plan and adjustment admission plan (including entrust cultivation and self-expense student) to designate two admission
22、 scores (double track). On the contrary, it is according an overall admission plan to designate a score (single track) to admit. The same admission criteria are applied to the same province (city, autonomous region). Secondly, the reformation of charging. That means state will no longer cover the ex
23、pense of college students. Students need to pay the cultivation fee. The previous two charging standards under two admission plans were merged to one. Thirdly, graduates employment reformation. Previously, state will take whole duty for student employment who are admitted under state duty admission
24、plan. After unification, most graduates have self-choice for employment in a certain degree, with the guidance of state policy.(two) step-by-step promotion of 3+X college entrance examination reformation programTo implement the spirit of whole church, Current China College Entrance Examination Diver
25、sification Development And Improvement Strategypromote quality education, ministry of education issued in the beginning of 1999. New college entrance examination reformation has been launchedthe promotion of 3+X college entrance examination reformation program, aiming the reformation of college entr
26、ance examination subject configuration within three years. New round college entrance examination reformation emphasizes the enhancement of quality sense, entire promotion of education quality. According to , it insists on principles of three help, 2pay more attention to subject configuration, test
27、content, test form, admission way. Four years after new round reformation of college entrance examination marked by 3+X, it has a good leading effect for middle school quality education, helping high education institute taking in high school students with solid foundation, good ability and good qual
28、ity, which has a good influence in society. For this, some researchers points out that 3+X college entrance examination reformation is a constructive policy, a leading policy, and also an open policy, of course an gradual promoting policy. 3(Three) two-time college entrance examination policy is on
29、step-by-step, multi-model trialIn Jun 2001, provinces and cities like Beijing, Anhui implement spring college entrance examination and admission upon approval of ministry of education. 13 institutes with admission plan are taking in undergraduate, vocational (professional) students 2448. Spring coll
30、ege entrance examination and admission change the situation of one year one exam time, one exam decides the life, which is a big step of China college entrance examination system reformation. Year 2001 and 2002, ministry of education continued to promote spring college entrance examination, enlargin
31、g area to Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Anhui, Neimenggu. Admission institute and major are increasing by year, and enrolling students are increasing as well. In the college entrance examination 2002, Guangxi put forward entirely new two-time college entrance examination mode, dividing the undergradua
32、te and professional admission exams. Undergraduate admission exam is uniformly formulated by ministry of education, and will still be performed in the uniform time designated by state. Professional institutes (or major) admission exam is formulated by admission examination committee of autonomous re
33、gion. Professional institutes (or major) admission exam will be conducted after the end of undergraduate admission. All students who attend professional layer (including ordinary professional, vocational education, electrical university ordinary class,etc.) shall all take this round of college entra
34、nce examination. School will pick over according to students aspiration and moral, intellectual, physical evaluation. All students will be admitted in the fall of current year. With implementation of two-time college entrance examination, it is for sure that students and parents benefit. Because thi
35、s implementation changes the previous one exam decides whole life rigescent system, reduces the negative effect of college entrance examination. It has more special meaning for those provinces with low rate of college entrance examination admission, guaranteeing the fairness of college entrance exam
36、ination policy in a higher degree. Two-time college entrance examination changes the traditional mode of Current China College Entrance Examination Diversification Development And Improvement Strategydesignating admission score according to each subject exam result. It uses multi-element criteria, t
37、o endow schools more right of self-management, to give students more right to choose as well; it provides opportunity for institute of high education to sufficiently dig the potential, perfect education resource configuration, enhance schooling ability, and return society.(Four) ahead of time of col
38、lege entrance examinationTo be ahead of time of college entrance examination, the time has been changed from previous July to June since 2003. After double suvyer, ministry of education think, to make college entrance examination ahead of time can help students suffer less from scorching weather and
39、 disaster. It can be beneficial for exam organization work. The in Party team conference has been approved by State Committee and has been carried out since 2003. Since setting up of college entrance examination system, the time has been designated as the middle of two terms-in July. Due to regardle
40、ss of scientifical management and easy-conducting, this has brought many defection. Firstly, it is extremely hot and scorching wether in July in most area of souther part of Huanghe. This will easily lead to abnormal performance of student and influence exam result. Secondly, there is much rain in m
41、ost area of our country. This will easily lead to mis-exam, exam paper stolen. Therefore, the cost of exam was quite high at that time. Besides, it also involves the issue of exam proceadure scientize. In addition, it is usually schooling time when the third batch and after batch undergraduate insti
42、tute just finish admission work. The time was very rush. If the exam were to be conducted one month ahead, three would be sufficient time to check the paper, mark the score, record the score, helping to reduce the error. Overall, the adjustment of college entrance examination exam is mainly a consid
43、eration of the weather, but there is a more indication of humanistic concern. It also help to make more time for student to take other exams, change the situation of one exam deciding whole life.Two. Improvement strategy of college entrance examination policy diversification developmentAs we all kno
44、w, during the perfection of college entrance examination policy, it is the change of conception and mindset that serve as the leading thing. If only limited to the research of operational layer, the digging for essential problem will be restricted. Therefore, during the improvement strategy of colle
45、ge entrance examination policy diversification development, at least three aspects can be as directions to be thought with. One is what reformation direction current China college entrance examination should go forward to? Two is what value basis college entrance examination policy should be based o
46、n? Three is what new value orientation college entrance examination policy should indicate?(one) diversification development should hold the reformation direction of college entrance examination policy.College entrance examination should promote development of people, but promote social development
47、as well. This should be one kernel of college entrance examination policy making and reformation. To make the talent cultivated by education adapt the requirement of future social development, China current college entrance Current China College Entrance Examination Diversification Development And I
48、mprovement Strategyexamination policy reformation should go forward to innovation and modernize from traditional and closed situation in terms of admission way, exam contents, and exam method.1. admission way: from big uniform to diversificationHigh education institute performs state uniform admissi
49、on system. It is a product of planned economy. And it contributes much to our social development during planned economy times.However, this knowledge-inherit progress system, industrial-production-line talent selection are disadvantageous to students innovation spirit and ability. Therefore, college entrance examination policy should be reformed indicating diversification admission direction: one is a transition from uniform state exam to self-formulation exam of province, city, anomounous region. Change to school
