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感叹句祈使句.doc

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1、感叹句祈使句感叹句是用来表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子,句末通常要用感叹号。再者,感叹句的构成方法有两种:what 类型的感叹句和 how 类型的感叹句。一、用感叹词 what 和它所修饰的名词短语置于句首,其他成分次序不变。句型:what + 不定冠词 + 形容词 +单数可数名词 +主语 +谓语。典型例题1. The little boy came riding full speed down the motorway on his bicycle. _ it was! (2007年上海 32 小题)A. What a dangerous scene B. What dangerous a s

2、ceneC. How a dangerous scene D. How dangerous the scene.句型:what + 形容词 + 复数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。典型例题2. _ big fish! When did you get them?A. What B. What a C. How C. How a典型例题3. _ terrible weather weve been having these days!A. How a B. What a C. How D. What二、用感叹词 how 和它所修饰的词置于句首,其他成分次序不变。句型:how + 形容词 + 不定冠

3、词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语。典型例题4. _ picture it is!A. How wonderful a B. What wonderful C. What wonderful a D. How a wonderful句型:How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。典型例题5 . _ different life today is _ what it was 30 years ago!A. What a; from B. What; from C. How; from D. How a; from句型:How + 副词 + 主语 + 谓语。6. _ quickly you w

4、alk!A. How B. What C. What a D. How a句型:How + 主语 + 谓语 +其它!7. How I wish that every family had a car in China! 句型:How+主语+ 谓语!8.How time flies!总上所述,标准的感叹句主要有以上七种基本句型,如果中心词是可数的复数名词和不可数名词只能用 what,不能用 how; 但是,当中心词是单数可数名词时,要根据形容词和不定冠词的位置来决定 what 和 how 的选择;如果中心词是副词或形容词时,只能用 how, 不能用 what。祈使句一. 祈使句的句式特征祈使句常

5、常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语 you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加, 上 please,以使句, 子的语气更加缓和, 或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:Keep off the grass!勿踩草地!Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。二. 祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型:1. 行为动词原形其他成分。例如:Make sentences after the

6、model.根据例句造句。2. Be 动词其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等) 。例如:Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。3. Let, 宾语动词原形 +其他成分, 。例如:Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。三. 祈使句的否定句式祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上 Dont 或 Never,一般分为以下四种类型:1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加 Dont,构成“Don t行为动词原形其他成分” 。例如:Dont say that again!别再那样说了!2. 在 Be 动词引起的肯定祈使句前加 Dont,构成“Don

7、t be其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等) ”。例如:Dont be careless.不要粗心。注意:在这种句型中 be 不能省略;否定副词 not 不可置于 be 之后。3. Let 引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:( 1)Let 开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在 Let 前加 Dont,也可在 Let 后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。 (2)如果以 Lets 开头的祈使句,必须在 Lets 后加 not。例如:Dont let me go with her tomorrow. Let me not go with her tomorrow.不要让我明天跟她一起

8、去。Lets not tell her the truth whenever we meet her.无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。3. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No 名词/V-ing 形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事” 。例如:NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照!四、祈使句的强调式如:Do be on time!Do tell him when you see him!五. 祈使句的反意问句祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种式:1. 祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用 will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用 wont

9、 you。例如:Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要给我们写信,好吗?Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗?2. 祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用 will you。例如:Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在会议室抽烟,好吗?3. Let 开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除 Lets 用 shall we 外,其他均用 will you。例如:Let the boy go first, will you?让个那

10、男孩先走,好吗?Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚饭后我们去散步,好吗?六. 祈使句的回答祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用 will 或 wont。在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:一是“形式一致” ,即 Yes 与 will 保持一致;No 与 wont 保持一致。二是 “意思相反” ,即 Yes 是“不”的意思;No 是“是”的意思。在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。例如:- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下

11、得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。七. 祈使句与陈述句的并列使用祈使句后接陈述句时,须用连接词连接。如果祈使句与陈述句表示的是一种顺承关系时,要用并列连词 and 来连接;如果祈使句与陈述句存在一种否定条件关系时,要用并列连词or 来连接。例如:Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.把它留给我吧,我想想有没有办法。Hurry up, or well be late.快点,否则我们要迟到了。八. 祈使句与条件状语从句的连用祈使句与条

12、件状语从句连用时,条件状语从句可置于祈使句前或后。例如:Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天来这儿的话,叫他给我来个电话。如果你给那些小树多浇点水,他们就不会死了。学以致用1. Stand over there_ youll be able to see it better.(2004 天津)A. or B. while C. but D. and 2. _ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it.(2004 湖北) A. Go B

13、. Going C. If you go D. When going 3. _ more about university courses, call (920)746-3789.( 2005 浙江) A. To find out B. Finding out C. Find out D. Having found out 4. English has a large vocabulary, hasnt it? Yes. _ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.(2004

14、上海) A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 5. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _ advertisements showing happy families.(2004 湖南)A. will often see B. often see C. are often seeing D. have often seen 6. _ blood if you can and many lives will be saved.(2001 上海) A. Giving B. Give C. Giv

15、en D. To give 7. _ at the door before entering please.(2001 春季)A. Knocked B. To knock C. Knocking D. Knock 8. _ some of this juiceperhaps you will like it.(2000 春季)A. Trying B. Try C. To try D. Have tried 9. What should I do with this passage? _the main idea of each paragraph.(2005 重庆) A. Finding ou

16、t B. Found out C. Find out D. To find out 10. Can the project be finished as planned?(2005 福建) Sure, _ it completed in time, well work two more hours a day. A. having got B. to get C. getting D. get 11. Follow your doctors advice, _your cough will get worse.(2005 辽宁) A. or B. and C. then D. so 12. I

17、f you are planning to spend your money having fun this week, better _ityouve got some big bills coming.(2004 广东)A. forget B. forgot C. forgetting D. to forget 13. _ and Ill get the work finished.(2006 重庆高考题) A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour 14.

18、 Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026_off at 18:20.(2006 四川) A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken 15. Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train.(2006 四川) A. and B. but C. otherwise D. While 16. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _.(2006 福建) A. t

19、akes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off17_a clever boy he is ! A. What B. How C. Whats 18._she dances! A. How good B. How well C. What well19._quiet the park is! A. What a B. How C. How a 20._his father works! A. How careful B. How carefully C. What careful 21._noisy they are making!

20、A. What B. How C. How a22._delicious soup! A. How B. What C. What a 23._heavy snow! A. What a B. What C. How 24._old bike Li Lei is riding! A. What a B. What an C. How25._exciting moment it is! A. How B. How an C. What an 26._supper were having today! A. What a delicious B. How delicious C. What del

21、icious 27._fine weather it is today! A. How B. What a C. What28._fast the boys are running! A. What B. What a C. How 29._the mooncakes are! A. How delicious B. What delicious C. What a delicious 30._surprising news it is! A. How B. What C. What a 31._time were having today! A. What a good B. How goo

22、d C. What good感叹句例题分析1.分析:该题考查感叹句的准确运用,也考查名词 scene 作为单数可数名词的用法。B 选项中应该用 how 代替 what; D 选项看似正确,但题干中有 it was,不能用。因此在 A 和 C 中应该用 A, 完全符合句型。本题正确答案是 A.2. 分析:由于下个句子中的 them 可得知,上句中的 fish 是名词复数,这是因为 fish 的复数和单数可以同形。根据句型,便知正确答案为 A。B 选项的迷惑性最大。句型:what + 形容词 +不可数名词 +主语 +谓语。3. 分析:题干中的 weather 是个不可数名词,根据句型,不能选择 B

23、 和 A; 根据句型,正确答案是 D。how 类型的感叹句只能跟单数可数名词,不能用 C。4.分析:句型和句型有点共同之处,也就是中心词都是单数可数名词;他们的不同之处是形容词和不定冠词的位置是相反的,由此推断正确答案应该是 A。由于 picture 是单数可数名词,应该排除 B;D 和 C 次序不对。5.分析:该题的难度很大,关键是 life 在句子中的成分。在该句中 life 是主语,不是 is 的表语。根据句型,正确答案是 C。部分学生对句子结构不能正确分析,很容易误选A、B 和 C。6.分析:quickly 是副词,题干中没有名词,正确答案是 A。1-16 DAAAA BDBCB AABAC B17-31 ABBBB BABCA CCABA

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