1、 重点：1.祈使句的肯定式和否定式2.祈使句 Do 型 ， Be 型 和 let 型 的 用 法 。难点：祈使句肯定式到否定式的变换。考点：掌握 Do 型 ， Be 型 和 let 型 引 导 的 祈 使 句 。祈使句定义1. 定义：用于表达命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句。 2. 祈使句因对象（即主语）是第二人称，所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为动词原形，句末则使用句号来表示结束。例: Go and wash your hands. （去洗你的手。命令） Be quiet, please. （Please be quiet. ） （请安静。请求） Be kind to our
2、sisters. （对姊妹要和善。劝告） Watch your steps. （走路小心。警告） Look out！Danger！ （小心！危险！强烈警告，已如感叹句） Keep off the grass. （勿踏草坪。禁止） 考点知识点拨祈使句No parking. （禁止停车。禁止） 3. 祈使句也常把主语“You”表达出来, 使对方听起来觉得柔和些，例如： You go and tell him, Chris. （克立斯去告诉他。 ） 祈使句相关口令 祈使句无主语，主语 you 常省去；动词原形谓语当，句首加 dont 否定变；朗读应当用降调，句末常标感叹号。 祈使句表现形式 肯定结构
3、: 1. Do 型(即: 动词原形(+宾语)+ 其它成分)。如：Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下，动词可省略。如：This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2. Be 型(即：Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如：Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3. Let 型( 即：Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分)。如：Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 否定结构: 1. Do 型和 Be 型的否定式都是在句首加 dont 构成。如：Dont fo
4、rget me! 不要忘记我! Dont be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 2. Let 型的否定式有两种：“Dont + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其它成分” 。如：Dont let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3. 有些可用 no 开头，用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如： No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! “let”引导的祈使句 由“let”带头的祈使句(Imperative Sentences)是个常见的动词句型，它的主要用法有下
5、列三种: 1. 表示“建议” 。 这个句型里的“let”后头紧跟着一个第一人称的代词宾语 , 如： Let me try. Lets do it. Let me go and look for it. 这个句型语气委婉，比直接的祈使句客气。试比较下列两个句子。 A. Dont disturb him. B. Lets not disturb him. (A)是直接命令 , 语气强烈 , 不如(B)温柔悦耳。 2. 表示“间接命令”或“愿望” 。 这句型里的动词宾语是第三人称名词或代词，如： Let Robert take charge of the marketing department.
6、Let her join our choir. 3. 表示 “警告” 、 “蔑视” 、 “威胁”等。 这种祈使句里的宾语也是第三人称为主。除了口气凶悍之外，有时还语带讽刺。如： Let him try and he will expose his inability to work on his own. Let the invaders come and our armed forces will wipe them out in no time. 4. 用 “let”的祈使句时，必须注意下列几点： 1） “let” 的否定句有两种。如果宾语是第三人称用“Dont let. . . ”（见例
7、A） ；如果宾语是第一人称，则用“Let. . . not” （见例 B）：A. Dont let this type of things happen again. B. Its raining now. Lets not go out until after the rain. 2)“Let”只适用于现在时态，可以有被动语态 (the passive voice) ，如： Let the recalcitrant criminals be sent to prison. Let all the dedicated capable staff be promoted. 3)“Let”后头除了
8、是不带“to ”的不定式动词 (The infinitive without“to“)之外，还可以是某些适当的副词，如 out, in, down, alone 等: Let the puppy out. Open the windows and let the fresh air in. The room is too sunny. Let the blinds down. Let me alone, please. 4) 用 “Lets”时，把谈话者的对象包括在内；用“Let us”时，并不包括对方，如： A. Lets try it, shall we? B. Let us do it
9、by ourselves, will you? 从 A 里的“shall we”和 B 里的“will you”，不难知道前者包括听话人，后者并没有。祈使句表示请求、命令、建议等等。谓语动词一律用原形。句子中通常不用主语，句末用惊叹号或者句号，用降调。 含有第二人称主语的祈使句 Be careful！小心！ Dont make such a noise. 不要这么吵。 1. 肯定的祈使句 A. 句型：动词原形. （省略主语） Stand up. 起立。 Be quiet, please. 请安静。 B. 有时，为了加强语气，可以在动词之前加 do Do sit down. 务必请坐。 Do s
10、tudy hard. 一定要努力学习。 C. 比较祈使句和陈述句：You eat an apples every day.你每天吃一个苹果。 （陈述句）Eat apples. （你）吃苹果（祈使句）（省略主语 you） D. 用客气的语气表示祈使句时, 可在句首或句尾加上 please, 但如果在句尾加 please，那在 please 之前一定要加一个逗号“ ,”。 Go this way, please.请这边走。 e. 祈使句中如果有 “呼” 语，一定要用逗号“,”隔开，放在句首或句尾。 Li Ming, come here. 李明，过来。 Come here, Li Ming. 过来，
11、李明。 2. 否定的祈使句 句型：Dont +动词原形 Dont swim in the river. 别在河里游泳。 Dont be late. 别迟到。 Please dont be noisy. 请不要大声喧哗。 注意：表示禁止时，尤其是标语等也可用“No+名词 动名词”来表示。 No smoking! 禁止吸烟！ No parking! 禁止停车！ No entry! 不准入内！ No litter! 不准乱扔杂物！ I) 填空。1. Please wait for me. _walk so fast. 2. _quiet, please. 3. _ sit straight. 4.
12、_ go shopping now. 5. _spitting. 6. _ talking; class begins. 7. _ a good time!8. _ talk to your mum like that!真题在线II) 写出下列祈使句的反义疑问句。1. Lets go, _? 2. Dont make such noise, _?3. Teacher, let us go out to play, _? 4. Lets go together, _?5. Let each man decide for himself, _? 6. Let us go together, _?7
13、. Come and join us, _?8. Dont fight with others, _?III) 将下列句子变成祈使句。1. Would you like to wait a moment?_ _ a moment. 2. Can I use your bike?Please _ _ your bike. 3. Youd better not smoke here. _ _ here. 4. You must be careful with your handwriting. _ _ with your handwriting. 5. Will you please not pl
14、ay with my pencil? _ _ with my pencil, _. IV） 选择题。1. Please _; theyre having a meeting. A. not be so noisy B. be quite C. mustnt talk D. no speaking2. _ to meet me at the station. Ill be waiting there. A. Not to forget B. Not forget C. Forget not D. Dont forget 3. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _?
15、A. wont we B. will you C. dont we D. shall we4. Dont smoke in the meeting-room, _?A. do you B. will you C. would you D. could you5. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. -I _. A. dont B. wont C. cant D. havent6. _ down the radio. The babys asleep in the next room. A. Turning B. To turn
16、C. Turned D. Turn7. Lucy, _ the door or someone will come in. A. close B. closes C. not close D. is closing8. _ and play football in the street after lunch. A. Lets not to go B. Lets not go C. Lets dont go D. Not lets go9. A sign with the words“_“ is often found in a bus. A. Not parking B. Not smoki
17、ng C. No parking D. No smoking10. _ Chinese in you English class. A. Not speak B. Dont speak C. Speak not D. Dont speakingV）翻译下列各句。1. 咱们一起玩吧! _2. 请不要迟到!_3. 回答这个问题!_4. 别那么写!_5. 告诉我你的名字! _6. 一定要勇敢! _7. 来加入我们吧!_8. 别浪费时间!_9. 我们周日去游泳吧!_10. 禁止吸烟!_重点：1. how 引导的感叹句的基本结构2. what 引导的感叹句的基本结构难点：能够区分由 how 引导的感叹句
18、和 what 引导的感叹句。考点：掌握以 what 和 how 引导的感叹句的变换形式。感叹句定义感叹句一般是用来表示说话时的喜悦、惊讶等情感。英语感叹句常用“what”和“how” 引导， “what“和“how” 与所修饰的词置于句首，其它部分用陈述句语序。 由“What”引导的感叹句由“what”引导的感叹句：“what ”意为“多么” 用作定语，修饰名词（被强调部分） ，单数可数名词前要加不定冠词 a/an，复数可数名词或不可数名词前不用冠词。这类句子的结构形式是：what+(a/an)+adj. + n. +主语 +谓语，如： What a clever girl she is! 多
19、么聪明的姑娘呀！ What an interesting story it is! 多么有趣的故事呀！ What good children they are! 他们是多么好的孩子呀！ What beautiful flowers they are! 多么漂亮的花呀！ What delicious food it is! 多么美味的食物呀！ What heavy snow it is! 多么大的雪呀！ 由“how ”引导的感叹句考点知识点拨 感叹句“how”意为“多么” ，用作状语，修饰形容词或副词（被强调部分） 。如果修饰形容词，则句中的谓语动词用系动词；如果 how 修饰副词，则句中的谓语
20、动词用行为动词，这类句子的结构形式是: How+ adj.（adv.）+主语+谓语. 如：How cold it is today! 今天多么冷呀！ How nice the pictures are! 多么漂亮的图画呀！ How happy they look! 他们显得多么高兴呀！ How well she sings! 她唱得多好呀！ How hard they are working now! 他们干得多么起劲呀！ 在表示同一意义时，英语感叹既可用“what”引导，也可用“how” 引导。如： What a hot day it is! How hot the day is!/How
21、hot a day it is! 多么热的天气呀！ What tall buildings they are! How tall the buildings are! 多么高的楼房呀！ What bad weather it is! How bad the weather is! 多么糟糕的天气呀！ What bright sunshine it is! How bright the sunshine is! 多么明亮的阳光呀！ 感叹句在表示强烈的感情时，口语中常常采用省略句，其后面的主语和谓语往往略去不讲。如：What a fine day! 多么晴朗的一天呀！ What an honest
22、 boy! 多么诚实的孩子呀！ What red apples! 多么红的苹果呀！ How cool! 好凉快呀！ How wonderful! 精彩极了！I）将下列句子变成感叹句。1. It is quite a nice present. _ _ nice present!2. We have fine weather today. _ _ weather we have today!3. Its sunny today. _ _ sunny day it is today!4. The children are working hard. _ _ the children are wor
23、king!5. She played basketball wonderfully. _ _ she played basketball!6. He is good at singing. _ _ he sings!7. He was doing well in dancing. _ a _ dancer he was!8. Tom coughs badly. _ _ _ cough Tom has!9. The fish is very lovely. _ _ the fish is!10. They live a happy life today. _ _ _ life they live
24、!11. Wu Peng jumps high! _ high Wu Peng jumps！12. Its an interesting film. _ an interesting film it is！13. The sun is bright. _ bright the sun is! 14. The book is very interesting. _ interesting the book is!15. He writes English well. _ well he writes English！16. Its a tall tree. _ a tall tree it is
25、!17. He is a fat man. _ a fat man he is!II）选择题。1. _ nice watch it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a2. _ bright girls they are! A. What B. What a C. How D. how a3. _ interesting the film is!A. What B. What an C. How D. How an4. _ sunny day! Lets go out for a walk. A. How a B. How C. What a D. Wha
26、t5. _ hard work it is! A. How B. What C. What a D. What an6. _ day it is! Its rainy again. 真题在线A. How bad B. What a bad C. How fine D. What a fine7. _ great day July 1th, 1997 will be! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What8. _ expensive trousers!A. What B. What a C. How D. What an9. _ girl she is! A. Wh
27、at bright a B. How a bright C. How bright a D. What bright10. _ weather we have today! A. A fine B. What a fine C. How a fine D. What fine11. _ careless he is!A. What B. How C. So much D. How much12. _ from Beijing to London! A. How long way it is B. What a long way is it C. How long way is it D. Wh
28、at a long way it is13. Oh, John, _ you gave us!A.how a pleasant surprise B.how pleasant surprise C.what a pleasant surprise D.what pleasant surprise14. _ useful work they have done!A. What B. How C. What a D. What an15. _ nice picture you gave me!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an16. _beautiful flo
29、wers they are！A. How B. What C. How a D. What a17. _terrible weather it is！A. What B. What a C. How D. How a18. _the moon cakes are！A. How delicious B. How a deliciousC. What delicious D. What a delicious19. _thick ice! Would you like to go skating？A. What B. How C. What a D. How a20. -_beautiful da
30、y it is! Lets go and have a picnic in the park. -Good idea!A. How B. How a C. What D. What a21. -Kate has won the first prize in the singing competition. -_pleasant surprise this gave her classmates!A. What B. How C. What a D. How a22. -_ great man Huang Furong is! -He lost his life while saving the
31、 students in the Yushu earthquake. A. How B. How a C. What D. What a 23. _exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!A. How B. What C. What a D. What an24. _wide the streets are!A. What B. How C. What a D. How a25. - _ beautiful city!-Yes. Lots of tourists come to visit it every year. A. How B. Wha
32、t C. How a D. What a26. _ good job she does! She is really a clever girl. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a27. -_interesting talk Mr. Black gave us!-Yes. We all like it very much. A. How B. What a C. What an D. How an28. _meeting it is!A. What a important B. What important C. How an important D. Wha
33、t an important29. - Ive just got a postcard from my pen friend. - Let me have a look . Wow. _ nice card! A. What B. What a C. How D. Why30. -_kind girl Nancy is!-Yes, she is always ready to help others. A. What B. What a C. How D. How a31. -Have you seen the film Alice in Wonderful?-Yes. _ wonderful
34、 film it is!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a32. -_ wonderful dictionary it is! Thank you for buying me such a useful present. - Im glad you like it. A. What a B. What C. How a D. How33. -_ hard work you have done!-Its very kind of you to say so. A. What B. How C. What a D. How a34. _happily the chi
35、ldren are flying kites!A. What B. What a C. How D. How a35. _a clever boy he is ! A. What B. How C. Whats D. Hows重点： 1. There be 句型的肯定式和否定式。2. There be 句型一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句的构成。3. There be 句型的就近原则。4. There be 句型和 have(has)的区别。 难点： 1.There be 句型中肯定句变否定句和一般疑问句时 some 变 any 的用法。2. There be 句型中的就近原则。考点：1.掌握 The
36、re be 句型中肯定句变否定句和一般疑问句时 some 变 any 的用法。2.掌握 There be 句型中的就近原则。3.区分 There be 句型和 have(has)的用法。There be 句型1. 表示:在某地有某物或某人。2. 在 there be 句型中，主语是单数或不可数名词，be 动词用 is；主语是复数，be 动词用 are；如有几件物品， be 动词根据最接近 be 动词的那个名词决定。There is a book on the desk. There is some water in the glass. There are three men under th
37、e tree . There is a bag, two books and three pens on the desk. 3. there be 句型的否定句在 be 动词后加 not，一般疑问句把 be 动词调到句首。There is a duck in the river. 否定句：There is not a duck in the river. 一般疑问句：Is there a duck in the river?4. some 和 any 在 there be 句型中的运用：some 用于肯定句，any 用于否定句或疑考点知识点拨 There be 句型与 have(has)问句
38、。5. and 和 or 在 there be 句型中的运用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑问句。6. 针对数量提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是:How many + 名词复数 + are there + 介词短语？How much + 不可数名词 + is there + 介词短语？7. 针对主语提问的特殊疑问句的基本结构是：Whats +Whos there+介词短语？就近原则当 there be 句型的主语是两个或者两个以上的名词时，谓语动词要离它最近的那个名词一致。第一个名词是单数就用 there is, 第一个名词是复数就用there are。如：There is a tea
39、cher and some students in our classroom.我们教室里有一位老师和一些学生。There are some students and a teacher in our classroom.我们教室里有一些学生和一位老师。There be 句型与 have, has 区别There be 句型表示“某处有某物或某人”如：There is a bag on the chair.Have（has)表示“某人或某物拥有什么东西” ，强调的是“所属关系” ，而且某人某物作句子的主语。如：I have a daughter. She has a lucky dog.真题在
40、线III）用恰当的 be 动词填空。1. There _ a lot of sweets in the box. 2. There _ some milk in the glass. 3. There _ some people under the big tree. 4. There _ a picture and a map on the wall. 5. There _ a box of rubbers near the books. 6. There _ lots of flowers in our garden last year. 7. There _ a plate of chi
41、cken behind the fridge yesterday. 8. There _ four cups of coffee on the table. II）用 have 或 has 填空。1. I _ a nice picture. 2. He _ a good friend. 3. They _ some kites. 4. We _ some flowers. 5. She _ a duck. 6. My father _ a new bike. 7. Her mother _ a vase. 8. Our teacher _ an English book. 9. Our tea
42、chers _ a basketball. 10. Their parents _ some story books. 11. Nancy _ many skirts. 12. David _ some jackets. 13. My friends _ a football. 14. What do you _ ?15. What does Mike _ ?16. What do your friends _ ?17. What does Helen _ ?18. His brother _ a basketball. 19. Her sister _ a nice doll. 20. Mi
43、ss Li _ an English book. III）用 “have, has”、 “there is, there are”或者“is there, are there”填空。1. I _ a good father and a good mother. 2. _ a book on the desk. 3. He _ a tape-recorder. 4. _ a basketball on the playground. 5. She _ some dresses. 6. They _ a nice garden. 7. What do you _? 8. _ a reading-r
44、oom in the building? 9. What does Mike _? 10. _ any books in the bag? 11. My father _ a storybook. 12. _ a storybook on the table. 13. _ any flowers in the garden? 14. How many students _ in the classroom? 15. My parents _ some nice pictures. 16. _ some maps on the wall. 17. _ a map of the world on
45、the wall. 18. David _ a car. 19. Davids friends _ some dogs. 20. _ many children on the hill. IV）把下列句子改为否定句。1. I have a ping-pong ball. 2. We have a basketball. 3. They have a new TV. 4. They have many flowers. 5. Mr Smith has a telephone. 6. His aunt has a new TV. 7. He has a nice room. 8. There is an apple in the basket. 9. There are som
