1、英语五大句型英语句子是由主语(subject), 谓语动词(verb),宾语(object), 表语(predicative),状语(adverbial),宾语补足语(object complement)等成分组成。 句型一：主语+不及物动词 S+V不及物动词本身就可以表达完整的意思，不需要宾语及补语，但有时可有副词，介词短语等状语修饰语。1. e.g.雨停了。 一个老人在公园散步。 句型一的扩展：1.主语+不及物动词+状语e.g. 他跑地很快。 2.There +不及物动词+主语There comes the bus . 中文翻译 3. 主语+不及物动词+ 动词不定式e.g.他们停下来稍作休
2、息。 Exercise 1: 请划出句子中的主谓结构。1 The sun rises every morning.2 My arm hurts a lot.3 She lived happily.4 Here comes a train.5 She works in a factory.6 They listened carefully.句型二 ：主语+系动词+表语 S+V+P系动词本身不能表达完整的意念没，需要形容词，名词，介词短语等来补充说明主语，也叫主语补语。e.g. 我妹妹是一个护士。 I feel quite hungry . The leaves turn green. She g
3、oes mad when she knows the news.睡觉有利于身体健康。 总结： 系动词有三类： Exercise 2: 请划出句子中的主系表结构。1 She is my baby.2 They were students three years ago.3 The clothes feel soft.4 We went crazy because she was late again.5 The egg goes bad.6 The tree turns yellow.句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语 S+V+O及物动词本身需要一个动作的接受者（宾语） ，才可以表达一个完整的意念。e
4、.g. 我们在学英语。 你认识他吗？ She hopes to see her uncle. 。Exercise 3: 请划出句子中的主谓宾结构。1 I like him very much.2 I bought a book yesterday.3 She is drinking water now.4 She likes eating icecream.5 Tom saw a film.6 They took good care of the children.句型四：主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+O+O有些及物动词需要两个宾语才能表达一个完整意念。e.g. Her moth
5、er bought her a skirt. 给我一本书。 特别提醒A. 在此句型中， 通常是间接宾语（人）在前，直接宾语（物）在后，有时直接宾语和间接宾语可以对调，这时间接宾语前应加上适当的介词 和 。e.g. Her mother bought a skirt for her .Give the book to me , please .直接宾语与间接宾语对调时，间接宾语前加介词 to的动词有：(给), (告诉) , (借给) , (卖), (教) , (寄给) , (写给), (出示) , (还给), (带给), (递给), (留给), (提供), (交给)。间接宾语前加介词 for的动
6、词有：(买), (选择), (弄到), (做), (订购), (唱歌), (做), (演奏)B. 此句型变为被动语态时，可分为两种情况。e.g. Her mother bought her a skirt .a. She was bought a skirt by her mother .b. A skirt was bought for her by her mother.仿写： 我告诉她一个好消息。 被动语态 Exercise 4: 请划出句子中的主谓及直接和间接宾语结构。1 She gave a book to me.2 The waiter brings a delicious dis
7、h to me.3 My mom sent a beautiful gift for me.4 The policeman left him a note.5 Miss. Li teaches us English.6 My pen pal wrote a letter to me.句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+O+C及物动词本身需要一个宾语外， 还需要一个名词，形容词，副词, 动词不定式，分词来补充说明宾语，才能表达一个完整的意念。e.g. We elected Li Yang our monitor. 这个消息让我们很伤心。 She saw the thief stea
8、l into the shop . 老师要我回答问题。 特别提醒A. 现在分词为宾语补足语时，宾语与现在分词之间是主动关系；过去分词为宾语补足语时,宾语与过去分词之间是被动关系。B. 在三个使役动词 (让)， (使得 )， （请，让，使得） ，以及 (看)， (听到)， (观看)等动词后的宾语补足语为动词原形。,但变为被动语态时， 则要带“to“.e.g. 我们听见她在隔壁房间唱歌。 We hear her next door.被动语态 She sing next door .我让他向我学习。 I make her from me.被动语态 She learn from me.Exercise
9、 5 请划出句子中的主谓宾宾补结构。1 They made the girl angry.2 My dad found me happy.3 I asked him not to do it.4 They felt the house shake.5 I didnt see the ball break the window.6 She wont let me do it.句型六： There be 句型一、 注意事项： 1 there be 结构中的 be 是可以运用各种时态的。 今晚有个会议。 There was a knock at the door. There has been a
10、girl waiting for you. There will be rain soon. 2 动词 be单复数形式要跟 there be之后的真正的主语一致。并且要根据就近一致原则来变换 be 的单复数形式。 1 There a book on the desk. 2 How many people there in the city?3 There a pen and two books on the desk. 4 There two books and a pen on the desk. 5 There some students and a teacher in the clas
11、sroom yesterday. 6 There a teacher and some students in the classroom one year ago.综合题型 请将下面的句子按照句型分类，标上序号。主谓结构 主谓宾结构 主系表结构 主谓双宾结构 主谓宾宾补机构 1 She keeps me waiting.2 He found him working at his desk.3 We watched the train leaving the station.4 Can you smell something burning?5 The students work very h
12、ard.。 6 She apologized to me again. 7 The accident happened yesterday evening. 8 Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 9 Dont have the food. It has gone bad. 10 The facts prove true.11He set his son thinking about what to do.12. How can I get the clock going?13 My aunt bought me a computer.
13、 = My aunt bought a computer for me. 14 You can put the books in your bag. 15 Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。 16 She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。 17 Please show me your picture.18 He painted the wall white. 19 We found him an honest pe
14、rson.20 His mother told him not to play on the street.I prefer to make web pages.21 We watched the children play games.22 I made him do it.23 This kind of food tastes terrible. 24 The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.作文 写一篇作文，用上今天所学的所有句型。少一个句型扣一分。Mike 是博才中学初一年级的学生。期末考试没考好，他很沮丧。请你给他写一封信，提供一点你的建议。
