1、第一部分systematic anatomy 系统解剖学topographic anatomy 局部解剖学macroanatomy 巨视解剖学microanatomy 微视解剖学surgical anatomy 外科解剖学surface anatomy 表面解剖学X-ray anatomy X 线解剖学sectional anatomy 断层解剖学locomotive anatomy 运动解剖学anatomical position 解剖学姿势superior 上inferior 下cranial 颅侧caudal 尾侧anterior 前ventral 腹侧posterior 后dorsal
2、 背侧medial 内侧lateral 外侧internal 内external 外superficial 浅profound 深proximal 近侧distal 远侧ulnar 尺侧radial 桡侧tibial 胫侧fibular 腓侧left 左right 右horizontal 水平central 中央Vertical axis 轴Sagittal axis 矢状轴Coronal axis 冠状轴Sagittal plane 矢状面plane 面horizontal plane 面variation 变异abnormal 异常dissection 解剖cadaver 尸体specim
3、en 标本model 模型bone 骨2long bone 长骨diaphysis, shaft 骨干medullary cavity 髓腔nutrient foramen 滋养孔epiphysis 骺articular surface 关节面metaphysis 干骺端epiphysil cartilage 骺软骨epiphysial line 骺线short bone 短骨flat bone 扁骨irregular bone 不规则骨 pneumatic bone 含气骨sesamoid bone 籽骨process 突spine 棘eminence 隆起tuberosity 粗隆tube
4、r 结节tubercle 小结节 crest 嵴line 线fossa 窝fovea 凹foveola 小凹sulcus 沟impression 压迹cavity 腔sinus 窦antrum 房cellules 小房 canal 管meatus 道aperture 口foramen 孔hiatus 裂孔head 头capitulum 小头condyle 髁epicondyle 上髁surface 面border 缘notch 切迹compact bone 骨密质spongy bone 骨松质trabeculae 骨小梁diploe 板障periosteum 骨膜endosteum 骨内膜bo
5、ne marrow 骨髓3osteoporosis 骨质疏松症vertebrae 椎骨vertebral body 椎体vertebral foramen 椎孔vertebral canal 椎管vertebral arch 椎弓pedicle of vertebral arch 椎弓根intervertebral foramina 椎间孔lamina of vertebral arch 椎弓板spinous process 棘突transverse process 横突 articular process 关节突 thoracic vertebrae 胸椎cervical vertebrae
6、 颈椎 uncus of vertebral body 椎体钩transverse foramen 横突孔atlas 寰椎axis 枢椎vertebrae prominens 隆椎lumbar vertebrae 腰椎sacrum；sacral bone 骶骨promontory 岬sacral hiatus 骶 管 裂孔sacral cornu 骶角coccyx 尾骨sternum 胸骨manubrium sterni 胸骨柄 sternal angle 胸骨角jugular notch 颈静脉切迹body of sternum 胸骨体xiphoid process 剑突costal arc
7、h 肋弓 costal bone 肋骨costal head 肋头costal neck 肋颈costal tubercle 肋结节shaft of rib 肋体costal groove 肋沟costal angle 肋角 costal cartilage 肋软骨skull 颅calvaria 颅盖 frontal bone 额骨ethmoid bone 筛骨sphenoid bone 蝶骨hypophysial fossa 垂体窝greater wing 大翼foramen rotundum 圆孔4foramen ovale 卵圆孔 foramen spinosum 棘孔 lesser w
8、ing 小翼optic canal 视 神 经管superior orbital fissure 眶上裂 pterygoid process 翼突pterygoid canal 翼管temporal bone 颞骨squamous part 鳞部 mandibular fossa 下颌窝 articular tubercle 关 节 结节tympanic part 鼓部petrous part 岩部internal acoustic pore 内耳门carotid canal 颈 动 脉管styloid process 茎突mastoid process 乳突stylomastoid fora
9、men 茎突孔 occipital bone 枕骨foramen magnum 枕 骨 大孔parietal bone 顶骨mandible 下颌骨 mental foramen 颏孔 ramus of mandible 下颌支head of mandible 下颌头neck of mandible 下颌颈angle of mandible 下颌角mandibular foramen 下颌孔hyoid bone 舌骨vomer 犁骨maxilla 上颌骨infraorbital foramen 眶下孔frontal process 额突 zygomatic process 颧突alveolar
10、 process 牙槽突palatine process 腭突palatine bone 腭骨 nasal bone 鼻骨lacrimal bone 泪骨inferior nasal concha 下鼻甲 zygomatic bone 颧骨coronal suture 冠状缝sagittal suture 矢状缝lambdoid suture 人字缝external occipital protuberance枕 外 隆凸 anterior cranial fossa 颅前窝 5middle cranial fossa 颅中窝foramen lacerum 破裂孔 posterior cran
11、ial fossa 颅后窝clivus 斜坡internal occipital protuberance 枕 内 隆凸jugular foramen 颈 静 脉孔pterion 翼点infratemporal fossa 颞下窝pterygopalatine fossa 翼腭窝orbit 眶nasolacrimal canal 鼻泪管frontal squama 额鳞inferior orbital fissure 眶下裂bony nasal cavity 骨性鼻腔 superior middle and inferior nasal meatus上、中、下鼻道paranasal sinus
12、es 鼻旁窦frontal sinus 额窦ethmoidal sinuses 筛窦sphenoidal sinus 蝶窦maxillary sinus 上颌窦 oral cavity 骨 性 口腔cranial fontanelles 颅囟 anterior fontanelle 前囟posterior fontanelle 后囟clavicle 锁骨scapula 肩胛骨subscapular fossa 肩 胛 下窝spine of scapula 肩胛冈supraspinous fossa 冈上窝infraspinous fossa 冈下窝acromion 肩峰coracoid pro
13、cess 喙突glenoid cavity 关节盂humerus 肱骨 head of humerus 肱骨头anatomical neck 解剖颈greater tubercle 大结节lesser tubercle 小结节surgical neck 外科颈deltoidtuberosity 三角肌粗隆sulcus for radial nerve 桡 神 经沟capitulum of humerus 肱 骨 小头6lateral epicondyle 外上髁 medial epicondyle 内上髁radius 桡骨head of radius 桡骨头neck of radius 桡骨颈
14、radial tuberosity 桡 骨 粗隆styloid process 茎突 ulna 尺骨trochlear notch 滑 车 切迹olecranon 鹰嘴coronoid process 冠突 ulnar tuberosity 尺 骨 粗隆head of ulna 尺骨头styloid process 尺 骨 茎突carpal bones 腕骨scaphoid bone 手舟骨lunate bone 月骨triquetral bone 三角骨pisiform bone 豌豆骨 trapezium bone 大多角骨 trapezoid bone 小 多 角骨 capitate b
15、one 头状骨hamate bone 钩骨metacarpal bones 掌骨phalanges of fingers 指骨hip bone 髋骨ilium 髂骨iliac crest 髂嵴anterior superior iliac spine髂 前 上嵴 posteior superior iliac spine髂 后 上嵴tubercle of iliac crest 髂结节greater sciatic notch 坐骨大切迹iliac fossa 髂窝 arcuate line 弓状线ischium 坐骨ischial spine 坐骨棘lesser sciatic notch
16、坐骨小切迹ischial tuberosity 坐 骨 结节pubis 耻骨pecten pubis 耻骨梳7pubis tubercle 耻 骨 结节 symphysial surface 耻骨联合面obturator foramen 闭孔acetabulum 髋臼lunate surface 月状面femur 股骨femoral head 股骨头neck of femur 股骨颈greater trochanter 大转子lesser trochanter 小转子linea aspera 粗线gulteal tuberosity 臀肌粗隆 medial condyle 内侧髁 latera
17、l condyle 外侧髁 intercondylar fossa 髁间窝adductor tubercle 收肌结节 patella 髌骨tibia 胫骨 intercondylar eminence 髁 间 隆起tibial tuberosity 胫 骨 粗隆medial mallelous 内踝 fibula 腓骨 lateral malleolus 外踝tarsal bones 跗骨calcaneus 跟骨talus 距骨medial cuneiform bone 内 侧 楔骨intermediate cuneiform bone中 间 楔骨lateral cuneiform bone
18、 外 侧 楔骨navicular bone 足舟骨cuboid bone 骰骨metatarsal bones 跖骨phalanges of toes 趾骨fbrous joint 纤维连接cartilaginous joint 软骨连接synostosis 骨性结合syndesmosis 韧带连接suture 缝synchondrosis 透明软骨结合symphysis 纤维软骨联合articulation 关节synovial joint 滑膜关节8articular surface 关节面articular cartilage 关节软骨articular capsule 关节囊fibro
19、us membrane 纤维膜synovial membrane 滑膜synovial fluid 滑液articular cavity 关节腔ligament 韧带articular disc 关节盘articular labrum 关节唇synovial fold 滑膜襞synovial bursa 滑膜囊translation 移动flexion 屈extension 伸dorsiflexion 背屈plantarflexion 跖屈adduction 收abduction 展rotation 旋转medial rotation 旋内lateral rotation 旋外pronatio
20、n 旋前supination 旋后circumduction 环转hinge joint 屈戌关节trochoid joint; pivot joint 车轴关节ellipsoid joint 椭圆关节sellar joint;saddle joint 鞍状关节ball and socket joint; spheroidal joint球窝关节plane joint 平面关节vertebral column 脊柱intervertebral disc 椎间盘nucleus pulposus 髓核anulus fibrous 纤维环anterior longitudinal ligament
21、前纵韧带posterior longitudinal ligament 后纵韧带ligamenta flava 黄韧带interspinal ligament 棘间韧带supraspinal ligament 棘上韧带ligamentum nuchae 项韧带intertransverse ligament 横突间韧带zygapophyseal joint 关节突关节atlantooccipital joint 寰枕关节anterior atlantooccipital membrane寰枕前膜posterior atlantooccipital membrane寰枕后膜atlantoaxia
22、l joint 寰枢关节thorax 胸廓9costovertebral joint 肋椎关节joint of costal head 肋头关节costotransverse joint 肋横突关节sternocostal joint 胸肋关节temporomandibular joint 颞下颌关节sternoclaviclar joint 胸锁关节acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节coracoacromial ligament 喙肩韧带shoulder joint 肩关节elbow joint 肘关节humeroulnar joint 肱尺关节humeroradial
23、 joint 肱桡关节proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节radial collateral ligament 桡侧副韧带unlar collateral ligament 尺侧副韧带annular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带interosseous membrane of forearm前臂骨间膜distal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节joints of hand 手关节radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节wrist joint 腕关节intercarpal joint 腕骨间关节carpometacarpal
24、joint 腕掌关节carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节intermetacarpal joint 掌骨间关节metacarpophalangeal joint 掌指关节interphalangeal joint 指骨间关节sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节iliolumbar ligament 髂腰韧带sacrotuberous ligament 骶结节韧带sacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带pubic symphysis 耻骨联合obturator membrane 闭孔膜obturator canal 闭膜管pelvis 骨盆
25、greater pelvis 大骨盆lesser pelvis 小骨盆hip joint 髋关节acetabular labrum 髋臼唇iliofemoral ligament 髂股韧带ligament of head of the femur 股骨头韧带pubofemoral ligament 耻股韧带ischiofemoral ligament 坐股韧带knee joint 膝关节patellar ligament 髌韧带fibular collateral ligament 腓侧副韧带tibial collateral ligament 胫侧副韧带oblique popliteal l
26、igament 腘斜韧带cruciate ligament 膝交叉韧带anterior cruciate ligament 前交叉韧带10posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带meniscus 半月板medial meniscus 内侧半月板lateral meniscus 外侧半月板joints of foot 足关节talocrural joint 距小腿关节ankle joint 踝关节medial ligament 内侧韧带lateral ligament 外侧韧带anterior talofibular ligament 距腓前韧带posterior ta
27、lofibular ligament 距腓后韧带intertarsal joint 跗骨间关节talocalcaneal joint 距跟关节subtalar joint 距下关节talocalcaneonavicular joint 距跟舟关节calcaneocuboid joint 跟骰关节transverse tarsal joint 跗横关节plantar calcaneonavicular ligament跟舟足底韧带spring ligament 跳跃韧带bifurcate ligament 分岐韧带tarsometatarsal joint 跗跖关节intermetatasal
28、joint 跖骨间关节metatasophalangeal joint 跖趾关节interphalangeal joint 趾骨间关节肌学Muscle 肌Muscle belly 肌腹Tendon 肌腱Aponeurosis 腱膜Fascia 筋膜Superficial fascia 浅筋膜Deep fascia 深筋膜Synovial bursa 滑膜囊Tendinous sheath 腱鞘Fibrous layer 纤维层Fibrous sheath of tendon 腱纤维鞘Synovial layer 滑膜层Synovial sheath of tendon 腱滑膜鞘Mesotend
29、on 腱系膜Epicranius 颅顶肌Galea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜Frontal belly 额腹Occipital belly 枕腹Orbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌11Buccinator 颊肌Orbicularis oris 口轮匝肌Masseter 咬肌temporalis 颞肌Medial pterygoid 翼内肌lateral pterygoid 翼外肌Platysma 颈阔肌Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌Digastric 二腹肌Mylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌Stylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌Geniohyoid 颏舌骨肌Ster
30、nohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌Omohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌Sternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌Thyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌Scalenus anterior 前斜角肌Scalenus medius 中斜角肌Scalenus posterior 后斜角肌Cervical fascia 颈筋膜Trapezius 斜方肌Latissimus dorsi 背阔肌Levator scapulae 肩胛提肌Rhomboideus 菱形肌Erector spinae 竖脊肌Splenius 夹肌Thoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜Pectoralis major 胸大肌Pectoralis
31、minor 胸小肌Serratus anterior 前锯肌Intercostales externi 肋间外肌Intercostales interni 肋间内肌Intercostales intimi 肋间最内肌Transverses thoracis 胸横肌Clavipectoral fascia 锁胸筋膜Diaphragm 膈Central tendon 中心腱Aoctic hiatus 主动脉裂孔Esophageal hiatus 食管裂孔Vena caval foramen 腔静脉孔Obliquus externus abdominis 腹外斜肌Inguinal ligament
32、腹股沟韧带Lacunar ligament 腔隙韧带Pectineal ligament 耻骨梳韧带Superficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环Obliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌Inguinal falx 腹股沟镰Conjoint tendon 联合腱Cremaster 提睾肌Transversus abdominis 腹横肌Rectus abdominis 腹直肌12Tendinous intersection 腱划Sheath of rectus abdominis 腹直肌鞘Arcuate line 弓状线Linea alba 白线Quad
33、ratus lumborum 腰方肌Inguinal canal 腹股沟管Deep inguinal ring 腹股沟管深环Inguinal triangle 腹股沟三角Deltoid 三角肌Supraspinatus 冈上肌Infraspinatus 冈下肌Teres minor 小圆肌Teres major 大圆肌Subscapularis 肩胛下肌Musculotendinous cuff 肌腱袖Biceps brachii 肱二头肌Coracobrachialis 喙肱肌Brachialis 肱肌triceps brachii 肱三头肌Brachioradialis 肱桡肌Pronat
34、or teres 旋前圆肌Flexor carpi radialis 桡侧腕屈肌Palmaris longus 掌长肌Flexor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕屈肌Flexor digitorum superficialis 指浅屈肌Flexor pollicis longus 拇长屈肌Flexor digitorum profundus 指深屈肌Pronator quadratus 旋前方肌Extensor carpi radialis longus 桡侧腕长伸肌Extensor carpi radialis brevis 桡侧腕短伸肌Extensor digitorum 指伸肌Ext
35、ensor digiti minimi 小指伸肌Extensor carpi ulnaris 尺侧腕伸肌Supinator 旋后肌Abdutor pollicis longus 拇长展肌Extensor pollicis brevis 拇短伸肌Extensor pollicis longus 拇长伸肌Extensor indicis 示指伸肌Thenar 鱼际Abdutor pollicis brevis 拇短展肌Flexor pollicis brevis 拇短屈肌Opponens pollicis 拇对掌肌Adductor pollicis 拇收肌Hypothenar 小鱼际Abducto
36、r digiti minimi 小指展肌Flexor digiti minimi brevis 小指短屈肌Opponens digiti minimi 小指对掌肌Lumbricales 蚓状肌Palmar interossei 骨间掌侧肌Dorsal interossei 骨间背侧肌Axillary fossa 腋窝13Deltopectoral groove 三角胸肌间沟Trilateral foramen 三边孔Quadrilateral foramen 四边孔Cubital fossa 肘窝Carpal canal 腕管Iliopsoas 髂腰肌Psoas major 腰大肌Iliacu
37、s 髂肌Psoas minor 腰小肌Tensor fasciac latae 阔筋膜张肌Gluteus maximus 臀大肌Gluteus medius 臀中肌Gluteus minimus 臀小肌Piriformis 梨状肌Obturator internus 闭孔内肌Quadratus femoris 股方肌Obturator externus 闭孔外肌Sartorius 缝匠肌Quadriceps femoris 股四头肌Pectineus 耻骨肌Adductor longus 长收肌Gracilis 股薄肌Adductor brevis 短收肌Adductor magnus 大收肌
38、Biceps femoris 股二头肌Semitemdinosus 半腱肌Semimenbranosus 半膜肌Tibialis anterior 胫骨前肌Extensor digitorum longus 趾长伸肌Extensor hallucis longus 长伸肌Peroneus longus 腓骨长肌Peroneus brevis 腓骨短肌Triceps surae 小腿三头肌Gastrocnemius 腓肠肌Soleus 比目鱼肌Tendo calcaneus 跟腱Popliteus 腘肌Flexor digitorum longus 趾长屈肌Flexor hallucis lon
39、gus 长屈肌Tibialis posterior 胫骨后肌Suprapiriformis foramen 梨状肌上孔Infrapiriformis foramen 梨状肌下孔Lacuna vasorum 血管腔隙Lacuna musculorum 肌腔隙Femoral canal 股管Femoral ring 股环Femoral triangle 股三角Adductor canal 收肌管Popliteal fossa 腘窝viscera 内脏splanchnology 内脏学14hilum; porta 门hilum of lung 肺门porta hepatis 肝门anterior m
40、edian line 前正中线sternal line 胸骨线midclavicular line 锁骨中线parasternal line 胸骨旁线anterior axillary line 腋前线posterior axillary line 腋后线midaxillary line 腋中线scapular line 肩胛线posterior median line 后正中线alimentary system 消化系统alimentary canal 消化管alimentary gland 消化腺oral cavity 口腔oral vestibule 口腔前庭oral cavity pr
41、oper 固有口腔oral lips 口唇philtrum 人中nasolabial sulcus 鼻唇沟cheek 颊papilla of parotid duct 腮腺管乳头palate 腭hard palate 硬腭soft palate 软腭velum palatinum 腭帆uvula 腭垂palatoglossal arch 腭舌弓palatopharyngeal arch 腭咽弓isthmus of fauces 咽峡teeth 牙upper dental arch 上牙弓lower dental arch 下牙弓deciduous teeth 乳牙permanent teeth
42、 恒牙wisdom tooth 迟牙incisors 切牙canine teeth 尖牙molars 磨牙premolars 前磨牙crown of tooth 牙冠root of tooth 牙根neck of tooth 牙颈pulp chamber 牙冠腔root canal 牙根管apical foramen 根间孔dental cavity 牙腔pulp cavity 髓腔dentine 牙质enamel 釉质15cement 牙骨质dental pulp 牙髓periodontal membrane 牙周膜alveolar bone 牙槽骨gingiva 牙龈tongue 舌bod
43、y of tongue 舌体root of tongue 舌根terminal sulcus 界沟apex of tongue 舌尖foramen cecum of tongue 舌盲孔papillae of tougue 舌乳头filiform papillae 丝状乳头fungiform papillae 菌状乳头foliate papillae 叶状乳头vallate papillae 轮廓乳头lingual tonsil 舌扁桃体frenulum of tongue 舌系带sublingual caruncle 舌下阜sublingual fold 舌下襞intrinsic lingu
44、al muscles 舌内肌extrinsic lingual muscles 舌外肌genioglossus 颏舌肌salivary gland 唾液腺minor salivary glands 小唾液腺major salivary glands 大唾液腺parotid gland 腮腺parotid duct 腮腺管accessory parotid gland 副腮腺submandibular gland 下颌下腺sublingual gland 舌下腺pharynx 咽cavity of pharynx 咽腔nasopharynx 鼻咽pharyngeal opening of aud
45、itory tube咽鼓管咽口tubal torus 咽鼓管圆枕pharyngeal recess 咽隐窝tubal tonsil 咽鼓管扁桃体pharyngeal tonsil 咽扁桃体oropharynx 口咽median glossoepiglottic fold 舌会厌正中襞epiglottic vallecula 会厌谷palatine tonsil 腭扁桃体tonsillar fossulae 扁桃体小窝supratonsilar fossa 扁桃体上窝laryngopharynx 咽喉piriform recess 梨状隐窝esophagus 食管stomach 胃lesser
46、curvature of stomach 胃小弯16angular incisure 角切迹greater curvature of stomach 胃大弯cardia 贲门cardiac incisure 贲门切迹pylorus 幽门cardiac part 贲门部fundus of stomach 胃底fornix of stomach 胃穹窿body of stomach 胃体pyloric part 幽门部pyloric canal 幽门管pyloric antrum 幽门窦pyloric valve 幽门瓣pyloric sphincter 幽门括约肌small intestine
47、小肠duodenum 十二指肠superior part 上部superior duodenal flexure 十二指肠上曲duodenal bulb 十二指肠球descending part 降部inferior duodenal flexure 十二指肠下曲longitudinal fold of duodenum 十二指肠纵襞major duodenal papilla 十二指肠大乳头minor duodenal papilla 十二指肠小乳头horizontal part 水平部ascending part 升部duodenojejunal flexure 十二指肠空肠曲suspen
48、sory ligament of duodenum十二指肠悬韧带jejunum 空肠ileum 回肠solitary lymphatic follicles 孤立淋巴滤泡aggregated lymphatic follicles 集合淋巴滤泡large intestine 大肠colic bands 结肠带haustra of colon 结肠袋epiploicae appendices 肠脂垂caecum 盲肠ileocecal orifice 回盲口ileocecal valve 回盲瓣vermiform appendix 阑尾colon 结肠ascending colon 升结肠rig
49、ht colic flexure 结肠右曲transverse colon 横结肠left colic flexure 结肠左曲descending colon 降结肠sigmoid colon 乙状结肠17rectum 直肠sacral flexure of rectum 直肠骶曲perineal flexure of rectum 直肠会阴曲ampulla of rectum 直肠壶腹anal canal 肛管anal columns 肛柱anal valves 肛瓣anal sinuses 肛窦anorectal line 肛直肠线dentate line 齿状线anocutaneous line 肛皮线anal pectin 肛梳haemorrhoidal ring 痔环white line 或称 Hilton 白线anus 肛门sphincter ani internus 肛门括约肌sphincter ani externus 肛门外括约肌subcutaneous part 皮下部superficial part 浅部deep part 深部liver 肝diaphragmatic surface 膈面falciform ligament 镰状韧带left lobe of liver 肝左叶right lobe of liver 肝右叶bare area
