1、一、过去完成时的概念：表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去 past-in-the-past ”。 二、过去完成时的构成：过去完成时由“助动词 had + 过去分词”构成，其中 had 通用于各种人称。 Eg：They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel. She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning. 三、过去完成时的判断依据：1. 由时间状语来判定 ：一般说来各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时
2、连用的时间状语有 （1） by + 过去的时间点。 Eg：I had finished reading the novel by nine oclock last night. （2）by the end of + 过去的时间点。Eg：We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （3）before + 过去的时间点。 Eg：They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定：过去完成时表示“过去的过去”
3、 ，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系动作在前的用过去完成时在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （1）宾语从句中 当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在 told, said, knew, heard, thought 等动词后的宾语从句。 Eg：She said that she had seen the film before. （2）状语从句中 语法基础版讲义与练习题核心语法 过去完成时1. 过去完成时的概念 2. 过去完成时的构成 3. 过去完成时的判断依据4. 过去完成时的主要用法语法梳理在时间、条件、原因、方式
4、等状语从句中 主、从句的动作发生有先后关系动作在前的要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。 Eg：When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 注意：before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。 Eg：Where did you study before you came here? After he
5、 closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）表示意向的动词 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose 等用过去完成时表示“原本? 未能?“ Eg：We had hoped that you would come, but you didnt. 3. 根据上、下文来判定：I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadnt seen each other since he went to Beijing.四、过去完成时的主要用法： （1）过去完成时表
6、示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束 即发生在“过去的过去” 。 Eg：When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已经停了。主句的动作发生在“过去的过去” （2）过去完成时是一个相对的时态 表示的是“过去的过去” 只有和过去某一时间或某一动作相比较时才使用它。 Eg：He told me that he had written a new book. (had written 发生在 told 之前 ) （3）过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用 它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already，yet，still，
7、just ，before ，never 等时间副词及 by，before ，until 等引导的短语或从句连用。 Eg：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years. Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. （4）过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始一直延续到这一过去时间而且动作尚未结束仍然有继续下去的可能。 Eg：By the end of
8、 last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （5）过去完成时也用于 hardly.when. 刚?就?, no sooner.than. 刚?就? , It was the first time + that 等一些固定句型中。 Eg：He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him. 他刚离开房间他们就议论起他来。 We had hardly begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。 It wa
9、s the first time that he had ever spoken to me in such a tune.他用这样的语调跟我讲话这是第一次。 1. 单项选择 1、He asked me _ during the summer holidays. A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone 过去完成时语法练习题2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever? A. did, do B. has, done C. did, did
10、. D. had, done 3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She _lived here for _ years. A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of 5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had co
11、oked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 6. She said she _ the principle already A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen 7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with 8. By the time he was ten year
12、s old, he _. A. has completed university B. has completed the university C. had completed an university D. had completed university 9. She had written a number of books _ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned
13、, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten? A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He _ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army. A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work 13. By the end of last week, they _
14、the bridge. A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed 14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football. A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/ 15. By the time he was 4, he _ a lot of German words. A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns 答案：ADCAA DBDCB DCDDA
