1、【一】原因 【表示原因高级句型】1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. accountable for 对应负责任1. Public officials can finally be held accountable for their actions. 终于要对政府官员实行问责了2. Every person is accountable for his own work.每个人都要对自己的工作负责.3. One of the principles of our legal system is that people
2、 are accountable for the foreseeable consequences of their actions. 我们的法律体系的原则之一是人们要对他们可以预见的行为后果负责. 4. The president struck back at critics who say he should be held accountable for conditions that contributed to the riots. 一些批评家指出总统应对导致骚乱局面的情形负责,总统对此予以驳斥. 5. I am accountable to my superiors for my
3、actions. 我应该为自己的行为对上司负责.A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). contribute tov.捐献 vt.促成 ；投稿Drink contributed to his ruin.酗酒促使他毁灭.She seldom contributes to the discussion.她在讨论中很少发言.Their inventions have contributed to the development of electrical eng
4、ineering.他们的发明有助于电气工程学的发展.This is Chekhovs contribution to Russian literature.这是契诃夫对俄罗斯文学的贡献lead to 把带到；领到；（道路）通向；导致【1 】 【把带到, 领到】 The bell-boy led us to our rooms. 旅馆服务员把我们带到了我们的房间. 【2 】 【(道路) 通向】 All roads lead to Rome. 条条道路通罗马. 【3 】 【导致, 引起】 In given conditions, a bad thing can lead to good resul
5、ts. 在一定条件下, 一件坏事可以导致好的结果. An ordinary cold can soon lead to a fever. 一场普通的感冒很快便会引起高烧account for说明（原因、理由等） ；导致,引起；（在数量、比例上）占；对负责【1 】 【（数量或比例上）占】Computers account for 5% of the countrys commercial electricity consumption. 计算机占去该国商业用电的 5%.【2 】 【导致；解释】Now, the gene they discovered today doesnt account f
6、or all those cases. 不过, 他们现在发现的基因无法解释所有的病例.【3 】 【为提出理由; 对作出说明】How do you account for the companys alarmingly high staff turnover?.你怎么解释这家公司高得令人忧虑的人员流动率?【4 】 【对（行动、政策等）负有责任】He said only 200 of the trains 600 passengers had been accounted for. 他说火车上的 600 名乘客中仅有 200 名乘客的信息得已查明【5 】 【将（钱款）列入预算】The Presid
7、ent and the President alone must account for his governments reforms. 总统必须为他的政府改革负责,而且是负全责【6 】 【杀死；消灭；打败】In the first ten days of May our squadron accounted for at least seven enemy aircraft. 5 月的头10 天里我们中队至少报销了 7 架敌机.In the final they accounted for Brentford by three goals to two. 决赛时他们以 3 比 2 击败了布
8、伦特福德队【1 】 The answer to this problem involves many factors. 【2 】 The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that. 【3 】 The factors that contribute to this situation include. 【4 】 The change in .largely results from the fact that. 【5 】 We may blame .,but the real causes are. 【6 】 Part of the explanati
9、ons for it is that . 【7 】 One of the most common factors (causes ) is that . 【8 】 Another contributing factor (cause ) is . 【9 】 Perhaps the primary factor is that 【10 】But the fundamental cause is that . 【二】比较【表示比较高级句型】1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. 2.The advantages of A are much g
10、reater than those of B. 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from the disadvantages that. 4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that. 5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 7.A and B has several p
11、oints in common. 8.A bears some resemblances to B. 9.However, the same is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think ., but things are different now. 13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it
12、has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obvious defects )are . 【三】批驳【表示批驳的高级句型】1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out. 2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3) Some people say ., but it does not hold wa
13、ter. 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that. 5) A close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 6) It makes no sense to argue for . 7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to . 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that . 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted
14、, I maintain that . 【四】后果【表示后果高级句型】1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immediate result it produces is . 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon. 4. Its consequence can be so great that. 【五】举例【用于举例高级句型】1) A good case in point is . 2) As an illustration, we may take . 3) Such exam
15、ples might be given easily. 4) .is often cited as an example. 【六】证明【用于证明高级句型】1) No one can deny the fact that . 2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows . 4) Recent studies indicate that . 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that . 6) According
16、 to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that . 【七】开篇【用于开遍的高级句型】1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of . 2) Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among . 5) Nowadays there
17、 is a growing concern over . 6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular. 7) Faced with ., quite a few people argue that . 8) According to a recent survey, . 9) With the rapid development of ., . 【八】结尾【用于结尾的高级句型】1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that .
18、 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop . 3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to . 4) In conclusion, it is imperative that . 5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help. 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must . 7) In summary, if we continue to ignor
19、e the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoroughly. 9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to . 10) Taking all these into account, we . 11) Whether it is good or not /positi
20、ve or negative, one thing is certain/clear.（一）段首句1. 关于人们有不同的观点 .一些人认为 There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that _. 2. 俗话说（常言道）,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用. There is an old saying_. It“s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even tod
21、ay. 3. 现在,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害.首先,；其次,. 更为糟糕的是. Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _ Second,_. What makes things worse is that_. 4. 现在,很普遍, 许多人喜欢,因为,另外（而且）. Nowadays,it is common to _. Many people like _ because _. Besides,_. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性,也不例外.它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面. Every
22、thing has two sides and _ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于人们的观点各不相同 ,一些人认为（说）,在他们看来 , Peoples opinions about _ vary from person to person. Some people say that _.To them,_. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题,这个问题变得越来越严重. Man is now facing a big problem _ which is becoming more and m
23、ore serious. 8. 已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中, 将引发激烈的辩论 . _ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9. 在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题_ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a
24、lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/ 图表/条形图/成形图可以看出.很显然,但是为什么 呢?According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that_ while. Obviously,_,but why? （二）中间段落句 1. 相反,有一些人赞成 ,他们相信,而且,他们认为. On the co
25、ntrary,there are some people in favor of _.At the same time,they say_. 2. 但是,我认为这不是解决 的好方法,比如.最糟糕的是. But I don“t think it is a very good way to solve _.For example,_.Worst of all,_. 3. 对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,（也是）非常重要的.首先,.而且,最重要的是_is necessary and important to our country“s development and construction.
26、First, _.What“s more, _.Most important of all,_. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法.首先,我们可以. There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can_ 5. 面临,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来.一方面,另一方面, Confronted with_,we should take a series of effective measures to_. For one thing, _For another,_ 6. 早就应该拿出行动了.比如说,另外.所有这些方法肯定会. It i
27、s high time that something was done about it. For example. _.In addition. _.All these measures will certainly_. 7. 为什么?第一个原因是 ；第二个原因是 ；第三个原因是.总的来说,的主要原因是由 于 Why_? The first reason is that _.The second reason is _.The third is _.For all this, the main cause of _due to _. 8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,也有它的不利
28、的一面,象. However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, _also has its own disadvantages, such as _. 9. 尽管如此,我相信 更有利.Nonetheless, I believe that _is more advantageous.10. 完全同意这种观点（陈述）,主要理由如下： I fully agree with the statement that _ because_. 形容词： 1. 贫穷的：poor = needy = impoverished = pov
29、erty-stricken 2. 富裕的：rich = wealthy = affluent = well-to-do = well-off 3. 优秀的：excellent = eminent = top = outstanding 4. 积极的，好的：good = conducive = beneficial=advantageous 5. 消极的，不良的：bad = detrimental= baneful =undesirable 6. 明显的：obvious = apparent = evident =manifest 7. 健康的: healthy = robust = sound
30、 = wholesome 8. 惊人的：surprising = amazing = extraordinary = miraculous 9. 美丽的：beautiful = attractive = gorgeous = eye-catching 10. 有活力的：energetic = dynamic = vigorous =animated 11. 流行的： popular = prevailing = prevalent= pervasive 1.Everywhere 普遍的 Widespread、Prevalent、Overflow、Rampant 2.Good 好的 Benefi
31、cial、Advantageous 3.Harmful 有害的 Inhumane、 Detrimental、Baneful 4.Rich 富有的 Wealthy、Affluent 5.Poor 贫穷的 Impoverished 7.Serious 严重的 Severe 8.Obvious 明显的 Manifest、Apparent 、Evident 9.cheap 便宜的 Economical、Inexpensive 动词： 1. 提高，加强：improve = enhance= promote = strengthen = optimize 2. 引起：cause = trigger = e
32、ndanger 3. 解决：solve =resolve =address = tackle =cope with = deal with 4. 拆除：destroy = tear down = knock down = eradicate 5. 培养: develop = cultivate = foster = nurture 6. 激发，鼓励：encourage = motivate = stimulate = spur 7. 认为： think = assert= hold = claim = argue 8. 完成：complete = fulfill = accomplish= a
33、chieve 9. 保留：keep = preserve = retain = hold 10. 有害于：destroy = impair = undermine = jeopardize 11. 减轻: ease = alleviate = relieve = lighten 1.Improve 提高： Promote、Advance、Enhance 2.change 改变：Transform 3.Emphasize 强调：Highlight、Stress 、Address(这是个 9 星级用法 ) 4.Develop 培养： Agriculture、 Cultivate、Nurture 5
34、.Break 破坏：Impair、Undermine 这两个词指的是抽象意义上的破坏 Jeopardize、Devastate 6.Keep 保存 Preserve、Conserve 保护资源 7.deal With 解决 Tackle、Address（这也是高难度用法，很牛） 、Resolve 8.need 需要 Require、necessitate、call for（这也是个很高级的用法，奥巴马就用这个） 名词： 1. 影响：influence= impact 2. 危险：danger = perils =hazard 3. 污染：pollution = contamination4.
35、人类：human beings= mankind = human race 5. 老人： old people= the old = the elderly = the aged = senior citizens 6. 幸福：happiness = cheerfulness = well-being 7. 老师：teachers = instructors = educators = lecturers 8. 教育：education = schooling = family parenting = upbringing 9. 青少年：young people = youngsters =
36、youths = adolescents 10. 优点：advantage = merits = superiority = virtue 11. 责任： responsibility = obligation = duty = liability 12. 能力： ability = capacity = power = skill 13. 职业： job = career = employment = profession 14. 娱乐： enjoyment = pastimes = recreation= entertainment 15. 孩子： children = offspring
37、 = descendant= kid 1.Forefather 祖先 Ancestor、Predecessor 2.Difference 不同 Gap（简单但是牛） 、Distinction 3.Crime 犯罪 Delinquency、Criminal Act 4.Environment 环境 Circumstance、Atmosphere、Surrounding、Ambience 5.Pollution 污染 Contamination 6.Human 人类 The human race Humanity Humankind 7.Danger 危险 Peril、Hazard 8.In mo
38、dern society 在当今社会会 In contemporary society In present-day society In this day and age 短语： 1. 充满了：be filled with = be awash with = be inundate with = be saturated with 2. 努力：struggle for = aspire after = strive for = spare no efforts for 3. 从事： embark on = take up = set about = go in for 4. 在当代: in
39、contemporarysociety = in present-day society= in this day and age 5. 大量的: a host of = a multitude of = a vast number of = a vast amount of 插入语 1.indeed 的确， 2.surely 无疑， 3.however 然而， 4.obviously 显然， 5.frankly 坦率地说， 6.naturally 自然， 7.luckily (或 happily)for sb.算某人幸运， 8.fortunately/luckily 幸好，9.honestl
40、y 真的， 10.briefly 简单地说, 11.strange to say 说也奇怪， 12.needless to say 不用说， 13.most impor tant of all 最为重要是， 13.worse still 更糟糕的是， 14.in a few words(或 in sum，in short)简而言之， 15.in other words 换句话说， 16.in a sense 在某种意义上， 17.in general 一般说来， 18.in my view 在我看来，19.in conclusion 总之， 20.in summary 概括地说， 21.in
41、fact 事实上， 22.in the first place 首先， 23.in addition 此外， 24.of course 当然， 25.to my knowledge 据我所知， 26.for instance(或 example)例如， 27.as a matter of fact 事实上, 28.strictly speaking 严格地说， 29.generally speaking 一般地说， 30.judging from根据判断, 31.to be sure 无疑， 32.to sum up 概括地说， 33.to tell the truth 老实说, 34.I am sure 我可以肯定地说， 35.I believe 我相信， 36.I wonder 我不知道， 37.that is 也就是说， 38.it seems 看来是， 39.as I see it 照我看来， 40.what is important (serious)重要(严重) 的是
