1、1专题十二 定语从句定语从句是高考的热点。它往往出现在单选、完形、短文改错和阅读中。本讲义对高考试题中定语从句的考点进行归类，分四个部分阐述其用法。一. 考查关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose1.(MET87)Finally, the thief handed everything _he had stolen to the police.A. after B. what C. whatever D. that2.(MET89) All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B. that C. what D.
2、 which3.(MET90)He paid the boy 非限制性定语从句只是对先行词进行附加说明,去掉后主句不受影响。用逗号隔开,不用 that 引导,而用 which 指物,who 指人。在下列情况下，限定从句中通常用 that 指代人或物，而不用 who/whom 或 which。1.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词或 any，no , the last, the very, the only 等形容词修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.Please give the note to the first man that co
3、mes here.This is the last lesson that I shall give you.Tom was the only boy at school that I really liked.He is the only one of the workers that has been saved in that accident.You may take any book that you like.2.当先行词是 all, everything, anything 等不定代词时。All that I want is peace and quiet.He told us
4、everything that he knew.Is there anything that I can do for you?3.当先行词既包括人又包括物时。We talked about the people and things that we read in the book.4.当主句是以 who,或 which 开头的特殊疑问句时。Which are the books that were written on the history of American in the library?Who is the girl that is lying on the ground?在限制
5、性定语从句中，省略关系代词的几种情况：1.当关系代词在定语从句中作及物动词的宾语时。Have you received the letter I sent you last week?2.当关系代词作表语时。The city is not the one (that) it was ten years ago.It is no longer the place (that) it used to be twenty years ago.3.当先行词是表示方式方法的词 way 时，用 that 或 which 引导定语从句或省略关系代词。I dont like the way you laugh
6、 at her.4.当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语，而这个介词又在句尾时。Here is the key youve been looking for.关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语，即可指人又可指物。2The man whose hair is white is my father.The house whose windows face the south is mine.二.考查 when, where, why 等关系副词的用法：1.（MET93 改错） However, there are still some countries there people have sh
7、ort lives.2.(MET96)After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when3.(MET98 完形)Then the great day came _ he was to march past the palace in the parade.A. where B. since C. when D. till在定从中，用关系代词或关系副词，取决于它指代内容在定从中所充当的成分；若在定
8、从中作时间状语，用 when；作地点状语，用 where；作原因状语，用 why。I still remember the time when I first became a college student.That is the house where he lived ten years ago.That is the reason why he is leaving so soon.三.考查介词+关系代词的用法：1.（MET88）Is this the house _ Shakespeare was born?A. at where B. which C. in which D. at
9、 which2. (98 上海文考) The two things _ they felt very proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.A. about which B. of which C. in which D. for which3. (95 上海文考) In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _ many people have gone home. A. whose time B. that C. on which D. by which time
10、 4. (94 短文改错) In some place you may borrow as many books as you want in other place where you are limited to a certain number, of that some may be novels.“介词 +关系代词”结构在定语从句中可充当时间、地点、原因、方式等状语，在这一结构中，关系代词只能用which 指物，用 whom 指人，而且不能省略，也不能用 that 或 who。牵扯的介词主要是根据三个方面来选择的：一是先行词与介词的搭配；二是定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词与介词的搭配；
11、三是根据“介词+关系代词 ”在从句中的作用及意义。Is this the computer room in which you work？Ill never forget March 18,1983, on which I joined the league.The watch, on which he spent 100 Yuan, is made in Shanghai.The West Lake, for which Hangzhou is famous is a beautiful place.There is a tall tree outside, under which stan
12、d some boys.在使用“介词+关系代词”这一结构时，需注意以下几点：1.固定结构中的介词通常不可置于关系代词之前。Is this the dictionary (which) you are looking for?He said it was a good suggestion, which he would look into.英语中常出现在中学阶段的该类动词短语有：break into, catch hold of, catch up with, depend on, get rid of, listen to, look at, look into, look after, l
13、ook for, look forward to, make use of, pay attention, take care of, take hold of, take part in 等。2.当“ 介词 +关系代词”为一固定短语且前置时，应保持其完整性。We climbed up the mountain, on the top of which stood a tower.They arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy.3.在“介词+形容词性关系代词 which+名词”结构中，which 作前置定语，修饰后
14、面的名词。They stayed with me for three weeks, during which time they drank all the wine I had.4.“不定代词、数词或形容词最高级+of which /when” 结构在从句中做主语，表示整体中的一部分。其中常用的不定代词有：all, none, both, neither, some, any, most 等；数词既可用基数词和序数词，也可用分数词和百分数词。I have two brothers, neither of whom works as a worker.She has two sisters,
15、both of whom work as nurses.He lent me some books, two of which were very interesting.3There are nine hundred students in our school, forty-five percent of whom are girls.China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.5.“名词+of which/whom”结构在定从中作定语，等于“whose+名词”He lives in that house,
16、the window of which faces the south.四.as, which 指代整个句子的用法：1.（88上海题）China is a developing country, _we all know.A. as B. for C. since D. because2.(MET91)She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that3.(MET94)The weather turned out to be very good, _was mo
17、re than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it4.(MET91)Alice received an invitation from her boss, _ came as a surprise.A. it B. that C. which D. he5.(94上海题)_ is known to all, China will be an _ and powerful country in 20 or 30 years time.A. That, advancing B. This, advanced C. As, advanced
18、D. It, advanced6.(98上海题)He was very rude to the Customs Officer, _of curse made things even worse.A. who B. whom C. what D. which7.( MET99)Carol said the work would be done by October,_ personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which8.(MET99 上海)_ is mentioned above, the number of student
19、s in senior high schools is increasing.A. It B. As C. That D. Which9.(2000 春季高考题)The result of the experiment was very good, _we hadnt expected.A. when B. that C. which D. what10.(MET2000)Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,_ ,of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. whic
20、h C. this D. whatAS/WHICH 用作关系代词，引导非限定从句，指代整个主句所表明的内容，可在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。使用时应注意：as 引导的定从的位置较活，一般放在主句之前，插在主句中间，或置于主句后，读起来象插入语；which 引导的从句通常置于主句之后并不能放句首。As we know, the earth moves around the sun.Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.当主句和从句语意一致，同为肯定句时，多用 as 引导；如果主句为肯定句，从句为否
21、定句，且主从句意不一致时，用which 引导。He is absent , as is often the case.He has to work on Sundays, which he doesnt like.如果定从句位于主句之后且谓语是主动语态或谓宾+宾补结构，此时多用 which 引导。The boy made much noise, which made the teacher very angry.当非限制定语从句的谓语是复合结构，关系代词所指代的内容在从句中作宾语时，只能用 which。We were asked to finish the work in a week, wh
22、ich we found possible.当从句的谓语用了被动语态，且关系代词在从句中作主语时，多用 as 引导。这种形式的定从有些已构成固定句式。如：as is announced; as is reported; as is expected; as has been explained; as may be imagined; as is pointed; as has been said before; as is mentioned above; as is shown; as is known to all; as we all know; as is well known.当先
23、行词被 such/the same 修饰时，用 as.He is not such a fool as he looks.Please lend us the same tool as you used the other day.定语从句专练41. The man handed all _ he found in the street to the owner.A. which B. what C. that D. in which2. That supper was the most expensive meal_.A. that we would B. that we have had
24、C. which we have never had D. that we have ever had3. His mother wont let him marry the girl _doesnt get a job.A. whom B. whose C. who D. with whom4. Anybody _this opinion may speak out.A. that against B. what is against C. who is against D. who are against5. Do you know the girl_?A. that I told B.
25、I told you of C. whom I told you D. I told you of him6. The bike _has gone wrong.A. I bought it last week B. which I bought it last week C. I bought last week D. what I bought last week7. Can you lend me the newspaper _the other day?A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talk with D.
26、 you talked about8. They talked for about two hours of things and persons _they remembered in school.A. which B. that C. who D. whom9. Who _has common sense will do such a thing?A. which B. who C. whom D. that10. All the apples _fell down were ripe.A. that B. those C. which D. what11. Ill tell you _
27、he told me last week.A. all which B. everything all C. that all D. all that12. This is the biggest laboratory _we have ever built in our school.A. which B. where C. what D. /13. A child _parents died is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which14. Please pass me the dictionary _cover is blue
28、.A. which B. of which C. whose D. what15. Is this factory _some foreigners visited last year?A. where B. which C. the one D. at which16. Is this the classroom _you used to study?A. of which B. where C. that which D. when17. The plane _she was traveling was late.A. which B. that C. in which D. for wh
29、ich18. He has lost the key to the drawer _the papers are kept.A. that B. in which C. under which D. which19. Antarctica _we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.A. which B. where C. about which D. that20. She was born in the year _the Second World War broke out.A. on which B
30、. when C. at which D. that21. We will never forget the day _a foreigner came to visit our school.A. in which B. on which C. why D. for that22. I have bought the same dress _she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D. than23. Is that the reason _you agree to the plan?5A. for which B. what C. in which D.
31、 for what24. Some of the roads were flooded,_ made our journey more difficult.A. it B. which C. that D. where25. The sun gives off light and warmth, _makes it possible for plants to grow.A. that B. as C. what D. which26. He must be from Africa, _can been seen from his skin.A. that B. which C. as D.
32、who27. He has two sons, _work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of them D. all of whom28. The buses, _were already full, broke down on the high way.A. most of that B. most of which C. most of them D. where29. My glasses, _I was like a blind man, was lost last week.A. with which B. w
33、ithout them C. without which D. with that30. _, the 27t Olympic Games were held in Sydney.A. It is to known to all B. It is known that C. We all know D. As is known to us all31. I, _your good friend, will try to help you out.A. who is B. that is C. who am D. who are32. He studied hard at school when
34、 he was young, _leads to his success in his later life.A. what B. which C. that D. as33. Ill remember the summer holidays _I spent on the seaside.A. when B. which C. where D. whom34. Is it the factory _last year?A. which you worked B. where you worked C. that you worked D. of which you worked35. He
35、was the only one of the boys who _late for class.A. are B. is C. were D. was36. This is the boy with _he worked.A. who B. whom C. which D. whose37. He is a rich man _is known to us.A. for whom B. which C. that D. what38. Such English _is spoken here is not British.A. which B. as C. who D. whom39. Ch
36、ina has hundreds of islands, _the largest is Taiwan.A. which B. of which C. in which D. where40 This is the driver _the news.A. from Who I learnt B. whom I learnt C. from whom I learnt D. who I learnt41. There is nothing in the world _can frighten him.A. that B. who C. which D. where42. This kind of
37、 plant is easy to grow in places _it is warm and rainy.A. where B. in where C. there D. which43. The man, _the wolf was shot, is called Jackson.A. for whom B. from whom C. by whom D. through whom44. Jane was the first girl _when you got here.A. who you talked B. you talked to C. you talked to whom D
38、. whom talked you45. I will hire a man _they say is a good English teacher.A. who B. whom C. that D. which46. I dont think the number of people _this happens is very large.A. whom B. to whom C. of whom D. which647. We visited a few factories, _had a good marked at home and abroad.A. their products B
39、. whose product C. the products of which D. those products48. Alice received a letter from China, _came as a surprise.A. where B. that C. which D. who49. They arrived at a farm house, _was a vegetable garden.A. before that B. in front of which C. where D. that50. The day finally came _I was given a
40、job.A. which B. when C. so that D. that51. The last place _we visited was the Great Wall.A. which B. where C. that D. on which52. He talked happily about the men and the books _interested him greatly in the school.A. which B. what C. where D. that53. His uncle works in a factory, _bikes are made.A.
41、as B. whose C. where D. what54. They invited me to their party, _is kind of them.A. as B which C. That D. What55. _we know now, bats come out only at night.A. As B. What C. which D. that56. I have bought two books, _is given to my sister.A. both of which B. neither of whom C. both of them D. neither
42、 of which57. This is one of the best films _this year.A. have been shown B. that have shown C. that have been shown D. which has been shown58. Is there anyone in your class _family is in the city?A. who B. whos C. whose D. which59. Ill never forget the days _we stayed together.A. which B. where C. w
43、hen D. that60. Ill show you a shop _you may buy all _you need.A. in which ; / B. where ; which C. which ; that D. that ; that二单句改错1. Im using the pen which he bought it yesterday.2. Is that factory which your father once worked in?3. The man whom I spoke is from Canada.4. July1st, 1990 is the day wh
44、en well never forget.5. I still remember the holiday I stayed with my aunt.6. Im going to work in the hospital where needs me most.7. Those that havent been to the West Lake will gather at the school gate.8. I dont like the way which you talked to your friend.9. This is the last time when Ive given
45、you lessons.10. We heard the news which our team won the game.11. Soon they came to a farm house, and in front of which sat a small boy.12. The reason which he explained it sounds rational.13. Those want to buy tickets sign your names at the service desk.14. That was the reason because she looked ol
46、d.15. Miss Chen is the only one of the few teachers who give us wonderful English lessons.16. Taiwan, that we know, belongs to China.17. It is the one of the best films that have been shown recently.718. The third place which we are going to visit is Hangzhou.19. Which is known to all, many satellit
47、es are going around in the sky.20. The students and things which you spoke of are known to us.21. I found the glass was the same that I had bought yesterday, but in fact it was not mine.22. The student whos globe I had borrowed did not come to school today.23. We have visited the mountain valley that parts of the rocket came down.24. There were three people from who we attempted to get information.25. Who is the pilot who took some pictures of the mountains last week.26. The balloon on which we traveled was filled with hot air.同位语从句与定语从句专练1. The news _Lincoln was m
