1、词根词缀法总结 (2007-04-19 23:43:26) 大多数多音节词汇可分为三个部分：in vinc ibleA B C 词根 B 表示做什么；前缀 A 表示怎么做；后缀 C 表示和其他事物的关系（决定词性）1、词根(root)现代英语的祖先是日耳曼语言持有者盎格鲁-撒克逊人的语言，他们于公元 449 年从北方欧洲大陆登陆不列颠，占据了本属于凯尔特人的土地，吸收了少量的凯尔特人的语言。以后随着希腊罗马文化在罗马帝国统治期间以及文艺复兴时期的两次大规模传播，英语吸收了大量的希腊语、拉丁语的一些词汇，其中很多以词根的形式保留下来了。2、前缀前缀根据其不同作用可分为：表加强；表方向；表否定；表
2、数量等几类。常见英语前缀表前缀 意义 例词toaback, abate, abet, aboard, achieve,absorb, abrupt, abstracta, ab否定atom, abandon, amoral, apoliticalabnormal, abusea+双写 toaccent, accelerate, accept, accident, accommodate, access, accompany, account, accumulate, accurate, accuse, accustomadapt, adopt, adept, adequate, adhere,
3、 adjust, admire, admit, admission, advance, advertise, adventure, advise, advocateaffect, affirm, aggravate, aggregate, allege, allocate, appear, appendix, appetite, applaud, appoint, appreciate, arrange, arrest, arrive, assist, associate, attend, attract, attribute之前(ante) anticipate, antique, ante
4、rioranti 反抗 antibiotic, Antarcticbi 二 bicycle, bilateral, bilingualcom=con 共同，全部 confess, command, cooperate, correct, commemorate,down 向下 ,去掉 deceive, decline, destruction desalt deforest devalue depress detrain decelerate decode defamedeto define, delimit, depict, design分开 display, dispel, dispose
5、, discuss, discarddis 消散，否定 dislike, disappear, discover, disableen 使进入 encourage, enlarge, enclose, enjoy, enforce, endanger, employ,e, ex out education, eliminate, elite, emerge, emit, emotion, event, exportinimport, impress, include, inflation, influence, inject, inland, inspect, invade, illustra
6、te, illuminatein, im否定 ignorant, illegal, illiterate, immediate, immense, irregular, irrespective, impure, independentagainst oppose, opponent, opposite, offend, object, oppress,ob, opto(o+双写) observe, obtain, obsolete, occur, officeper through perennial, period, permanent, perish, perpetual, persis
7、t, perceive, perspectivepre 在前 precaution, president, predict, preface, presentpro 向前 product, progress, projector, promote, propelback return, reflect, relate, refer,against rebel, resist,reagain repeat, rebuild, relief, relevantse away seclude, separate, secrete, seducesub, sup 下subject, submerge,
8、 submarine, subordinate, suppresssupport, submit,su+双写 超过，在上面 supreme, surface, surprise, suffer, surface, surpasssym 相同，共同 symmetry, symphony, symmetry, sympathy, synthetic, systemtrans 一边到另一边 transfer, transform, translate, transport, transpersonal, transcend, transparent否定 unable, unhappy, unimpo
9、rtant, uncover, unwillingun 统一 unanimous, unite, uniform, universe3、后缀英文单词后缀更是没有任何实在的含义，只是表示整个单词的词性。最常见的形容词后缀：1. able, -ible : readable lovable knowable inflammable sensible resistible conductible名词一般是-ability -ibility：inflammability sensibility 2.- al 包括：-al : personal national名词一般是-ality：personali
10、ty nationality-ial : presidential dictatorial -ical : typical symbolical biological (一般由结尾为-y 的名词派生而来)3. -an 包括：-an republican American -ean : European -ian : Egyptian Canadian (名词和形容词同形) 4. - ar 包括：-ar : similar solar -ular : globular 5. - ed : colored gifted retired 6. -ern : eastern western 7. -e
11、se : Chinese Japanese（名词和形容词同形） 8. -fold :表示倍数 twofold manyfold 9. -ful : useful skillful 10. -ic 包括：-ic : atomic historic -istic : artistic realistic -tic : dramatic romantic 11. - ile : infantile fertile 12. - ing : changing developing 13. - ior :exterior interior 14. -ish :childish reddish Englis
12、h 15. - ist : socialist nationalist 16. -ive 包括：-itive : sensitive primitive -ive : protective productive 17. - less : homeless useless 18. - like : childlike manlike 19. -ly: friendly costly daily 20. - nt 包括：-ant : assistant expectant -ent : insistent different - 21. -ous :包括-aceous : curvaceous 有
13、曲线的 herbaceous 草本的 -acious :vivacious 活泼 的、rapacious 掠夺的 -aneous : simultaneous 同时发生的 spontaneous 自发的-eous : righteous 正直的 gaseous 气体的 -ious : anxious 焦急的 curious 好奇的 -ous : dangerous 危险的 glorious 光荣的 22. -proof: fireproof bombproof 23. - ry 包括：-ary : secondary elementary -ory : informatory explanat
14、ory 24. -some: troublesome lonesome 25. -ward :downward seaward 26. - y : rainy rosy sleepy 最常见的名词后缀： 表示具体的人、物的后缀：-an (- ian , - ean ,-ane ) -ant -ar -ary -er -ician -ist -ite -or -ory -ics -ilogy 等。 表示抽象的动作情况的后缀：-acity : capacity -acy: fallacy - al (-ial , -eal ) : denial refusal -ence ( - ance , -
15、ency , -ancy ): influence acceptance - ion: union creation -ism : heroism -ment (- men) : excitement monument - mony : matrimony -ness : coldness goodness - or :error -sis: analysis -tude : longitude multitude -ty : novelty -ure: pressure -y : victory 最常见的动词后缀： -ate：differentiate maturate -en：sharpen darken -fy：simplify beautify classify -ise(-ize)：criticize fertilize modernize
