1、Bill Gates When Bill Gates made his decision to drop out from Harvard, he did not care too much of the result. Gates entered Harvard in 1973, and dropped out two years later when he and Allen started the engine of Microsoft. Many people did not understand why Gates gave up such a good opportunity to
2、 study in the worlds No.1 University. However, with size comes power, Microsoft dominates the PC market with its operating systems, such as MS-DOS and Windows. Now, Microsoft becomes the biggest software company in the world and Bill Gates becomes the richest man in the world. Thomas Edison We can l
3、earn from the experience of the great inventor Thomas Alva Edison that sometimes a series of apparent failures is really a precursor to success. The voluminous personal papers of Edison reveal that his inventions typically did not spring to life in a flash of inspiration but evolved slowly from prev
4、ious works. Mother Teresa Mother Teresa, winner of the Nobel Peace Prize, dedicated the majority of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India, thus gaining her the name “Saint of the Gutters.“ The devotion towards the poor won her respect throughout the world and the Nobel Peace Prize in
5、1979. She founded an order of nuns called the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta, India dedicated to serving the poor. Almost 50 years later, the Missionaries of Charity have grown from 12 sisters in India to over 3,000 in 517 missions throughout 100 countries worldwide. Diana Spencer Lady Diana Sp
6、encer, Princess of Whales, is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty, kindness, humanity and charitable activities than for her technical skills. Nelson Mandela Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Pri
7、ze for his efforts to antiracism and antiapartheid. Nelson Mandela isone of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppression in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country. Since
8、 his triumphant release in 1990 from more than a quarter-century of imprisonment, Mandela has been at the centre of the most compelling and inspiring political drama in the world. As president of the African National Congress and head of South Africasantiapartheid movement, he was instrumental in mo
9、ving the nation toward multiracial government and majority rule. He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality. Beethoven Beethoven, the German Composer, began to lose his hearing in 1801 and was entirely deaf by 1819. However, this obstacle could not ke
10、ep him from becoming one of the most famous and prolific composers in art history. His music, including 9 symphonies, 5 piano concertos, several senates and so on, formes a transition from classical to romantic composition. George Bush On January 16, 1991, President Bush ordered the commencement of
11、Operation Desert Storm, a massive U.S.-led military offensive against Iraq in the Persian Gulf. In late 1992, Bush ordered U.S. troops into Somalia, a nation devastated by drought and civil war. The peacekeeping mission would prove the most disastrous since Lebanon, and President Clinton abruptly ca
12、lled it off in 1993.Jimmy Carter President Carters policy of placing human rights records at the forefront of Americas relationships with other nations contributed to a cooling of Cold War relations in the late 1970s. In 1980, for the first time in seven years, Fidel Castro authorized emigration out
13、 of Cuba by the countrys citizens. The United States welcomed the Cubans, but later took steps to slow the tide when evidence suggested that Castro was using the refugee flight to empty his prisons. Neville Chamberlain In 1938, British Prime Minister Chamberlain signed the Munich Pact with Adolf Hit
14、ler, an agreement that gave Czechoslovakia away to Nazi conquest while bringing, as Chamberlain promised, “peace in our time.“ Eleven months after the signing of the Munich Pact, Germany broke the peace in Europe by invading Poland. A solemn Chamberlain had no choice but to declare war, and WorldWar
15、 II began in Europe. Winston Churchill In the early 1930s, Conservative M.P. Winston Churchill issued unheeded warnings of the threat of Nazi aggression from his seat on a House of Commons backbench. With German tanks racing across France, Churchill spoke to the British people for the first time asp
16、rime minister, and pledged a struggle to the last breath against Nazi conquest and oppression. In the summer of 1940, the democracies of continental Europe fell to Germany one by one, leaving Great Britain alone in its resistance to Adolf Hitler. The Nazi leader was confident that victory against Br
17、itain would come soon, but Churchill prophesied otherwise, telling his countrymen that the Battle of Britain would be “their finest hour.“ Bill Clinton In 1994, President Clinton authorized a military operation to overthrow Haitis military dictators and restore its democratically elected leader. On
18、the eve of invasion, bloodshed was prevented when former president Jimmy Carter brokered an agreement with Haitis leaders in which they pledged to give up power. Dwight D. Eisenhower On June 5, 1944, the supreme Allied commander ordered commencement of the D-Day invasion, the largest combined sea, a
19、ir, and land military operation in history. Eisenhower told the 3 million men of the Allied Expeditionary Force, “The eyes of the world are upon you!“ In 1956, Israel, Britain, and France invaded Egypt in protest of its nationalization of the Suez Canal. The U.S.S.R. and the United States, both vyin
20、g for greater influence in the Middle East, forced the three nations to end their occupation of the strategic canal. Princesses Elizabeth and Margaret During the Battle of Britain, the children of King George VI delivered a radio address to British children who had been evacuated abroad. Princesses
21、Elizabeth and Margaret, like their parents, weathered the dark days of World War II in Britain. Gerald Ford Nine days before the fall of Saigon, President Ford spoke on the resignation of South Vietnamese President Thieu. Soon after, the United States launched a massive helicopter evacuation of tens
22、 of thousands of anticommunist South Vietnamese and the last few Americans remaining in the country. Mohandas Gandhi In 1931, Gandhi, the political and spiritual leader of the Indian independence movement, was released from prison to attend the London Round Table Conference on India as the sole repr
23、esentative of the Indian National Congress. Gorbaches leader of the U.S.S.R., Mikhail Gorbachev was a great force for peace, even at the cost of the Soviet governments downfall after 74 years in power. Adolf Hitler A few days before his occupation of the Sudetenland, a confident Hitler addressed a N
24、azi rally at Berlins Sportpalast stadium, and reassured the crowd that if war came with Britain and France theGerman Wehrmacht would be victorious. Pope John Paul II In 1995, the pope addressed the United Nations on the occasion of its 50th anniversary. Reaffirming his support of the ideals and goal
25、s of the U.N., he praised the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and called for the U.N. to become the moral center of a family of nations. Nikita Khrushchev and Richard Nixon In a defining moment of the Cold War, Vice President Nixon and Soviet leader Khrushchev engaged in an impromptu debate ab
26、out the merits and disadvantages of capitalism and communism. Theexchange, which took place in Moscow in front of a replica of a suburban American kitchen, was known as the “Kitchen Debate.“ Douglas MacArthur On September 2, 1945, aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay, the most destructive war in hum
27、an history officially came to an end as representatives of the Japanese government and military signed their countrys unconditional surrender. After clashing with President Truman over war policy, MacArthur was relieved of his command of U.N. forces in Korea and returned to the U.S. for the first ti
28、me since before World War II. Given a heros welcome, he addressed a joint meeting of Congress, where he declared, “Old soldiers never die, they just fade away.“ Richard Nixon In 1973, after five years of talks, the United States and North Vietnam reached a peace agreement to end U.S. involvement in
29、Vietnam. Two years later, Saigon fell to North Vietnamese forces and Vietnam was unified under Communist rule. Ronald Reagan In 1984, Reagan called for an international ban on chemical weapons. Six years later, President Bush and Soviet leader Gorbachev would sign a historic agreement to cease produ
30、ction and begin destruction of both nations sizable reserves. In 1987, during a visit to Berlin, the president made a dramatic plea to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev to “tear down“ the Berlin Wall. Two years later, Berliners would do so on their own accord.Franklin D. Roosevelt The day after Japans
31、 attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt addressed a joint session of Congress, and proclaimed December 7 “a date which will live in infamy.“ With only one dissent, Congress granted his request for an official declaration of war against Japan. Two months before his death, Roosevelt met Winston C
32、hurchill and Joseph Stalin for the last timeat Yalta in the U.S.S.R. The “Big Three“ leaders discussed military considerations in the war against Germany and Japan, and compromised on their visions of the postwar world order. Tito In 1963, Tito, the independent-minded communist leader of Yugoslavia
33、since 1945, visited the United States during a tour of the Americas. Harry Truman Three days after the bombing of Hiroshima, President Truman warned Japan of further atomic attacks until it surrendered. When no answer came, he authorized the dropping of a second atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Six days lat
34、er, Japan surrendered. In 1949, Truman signed the North Atlantic Treaty with 10 European nations and Canada-establishing the NATO military alliance. Confucius Confucius, 551 B.C. 479 B.C. No other philosopher in the world has had more enduring influence than Confucius. For over two thousand years hi
35、s concept of government, and his ideas about personal conduct and morality, permeated Chinese life and culture. Even today, his thoughts remain influential. 注：仔细看其中的否定比较句型，词汇的变化 There was little in his childhood background to predict the remarkable prestige that Confucius eventually achieved. He was
36、 born in a small principality in northeastern China, was reared in poverty,and had no formal education. Through diligent study, however, he educated himself and became alearned man. For a while he held a minor government post; but he soon resigned that position andspent most of his life as a teacher
37、. Eventually, his most important teachings were gathered together into a book, The Analects, which was compiled by his disciples. 注：and 表示时间关系的句子， 论语的说法。 The two cornerstones of his system of personal conduct were Jen and Li. “Jen” might be defined as “benevolent concern for ones fellow men.” “Li” i
38、s a term less easily translated; it combines the notions of etiquette, good manners, and due concern for virtue rather than wealth (and in his personal life he seems to have acted on that principle). In addition, he was the first major philosopher tostate the Golden Rule, which he phrased as “Do not
39、 do unto others that which you would not havethem do unto you.” 注：“己所不欲，勿施于人 ”的说法。 Confucius believed that respect and obedience are owed by children to their parents, by wives to their husbands, and by subjects to their rulers. But he was never a defender of tyranny. On the contrary, the starting p
40、oint of his political outlook is that the state exists for the benefit of the people, not the rulers. Another of his key political ideas is that a leader should govern primarily by moral example rather than by force. 注：仔细观察这个段落的逻辑展开方式和连接词，可以模仿构造段落。 Confucius did not claim to be an innovator but alwa
41、ys said that he was merely urging a return to the moral standards of former times. In fact, however, the reforms which he urged represented a change fromand a great improvement overthe governmental practices of earlier days. 注：仔细看破折号表示插入语的这句话。 At the time of his death, Confucius was a respected, but
42、 not yet greatly influential, instructor and philosopher. Gradually, though, his ideas became widely accepted throughout China. Then, in the third century B.C., Shih Huang Ti united all of China under his rule, and decided to reform the country entirely and make a complete break with the past. Shih
43、Huang Ti therefore decided to suppress Confucian teachings, and he ordered the burning of all copies of Confucius works. (He also ordered the destruction of most other philosophical works.) 注：焚书坑儒的故事Most Confucian books were indeed destroyed, but some copies survived the holocaust, and a few years l
44、ater, after the dynasty founded by the “First Emperor” had fallen, Confucianism re-emerged. Under the next dynasty, the Han, Confucianism became the official state philosophy, a position it maintained throughout most of the next two millennia. 注：灾难的表达法，用“新名词”引出对前一句话程度的解释的表达法。 Indeed, for much of tha
45、t period, the civil service examinations in China were based primarily on knowledge of Confucian classics. Since those examinations were the main route by which commoners could enter the administration and achieve political power, the governing class of the largest nation on Earth was largely compos
46、ed of men who had carefully studied the works of Confucius andabsorbed his principles. 注：当时的公务员考试（表达法） This enormous influence persisted until the nineteenth century, when the impact of the West created revolutionary changes in China. Then, in the twentieth century, the Communist Party seized power
47、in China. It was their belief that, in order both to modernize China and to eliminate economic injustice, it was necessary to make radical changes in society. As the ideas of Confucius were highly conservative, the Communists made a major effort to eradicate his influence, the first such effort sinc
48、e Shih Huang Ti, 22 centuries earlier.荷马(Homer) Greek epic poet. Two of the greatest works in Western literature, the Iliad and the Odyssey, are attributed to him. 参考事迹: 菏马史诗的写作，不是由一个人一朝一夕所完成，而是在漫长的岁月里，由最初口头流传的民间歌谣，经过累世行吟诗人的加工，才逐步形成的一种环绕中心事件的叙事诗。在长期的流传中，经过不断增删，修饰，到公元前九到前八世纪左右，才由盲人诗人菏马整理定型。 利用点：The p
49、eople who make important contributions to society are generally not those who develop theirown new ideas, but those who are most gifted at perceiving and coordinating the talents and skillsof others.“ 亚里士多德 (Aristotle) Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Westernthought. In his philosophical system theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. 参考事迹
