1、- 1 -教 案2012 2013 学年第一学期学院(系、部) 机电工程学院课 程 名 称理论力学（Theoretic Mechanics）授 课 班 级11 级本科机械设计（1）2001 Shames, I. H. and Pitarres, J. M., Introduction to Solid Mechanics, Third Edition, Prentice Hall, 2000. http:/www.PearsonE; http:/ 3 -教学目的要求1、 针对 16 周 48 学时的理论力学 -静力学篇（双语教学课程）的教学计划，谨规划选择性的着重于讲授课程的第一部分静力学篇（
2、Statics）; 其中专业内容包括：1)General Principles; 2)Force Vector; 3)Equilibrium of a Particle; 4)Force System Resultants; 5)Equilibrium of a rigid body; 6)Structural Analysis; 7)Internal Force; 8)Friction; 9)Center of Gravity and Centroid;10) Moments of Inertia; 11)Virtual work等专题，规划逐课时 44 学时依序讲授工程力学-静力学篇，各项
3、有关的科技论述与专业英语词汇，同时，训练学生以此课文内容，作为专业英语的阅读能力培养及实际学习与应用，并尽量配合其他机械（设计、制造）及其自动化之工程系列的专业课程实施系统性、启发式教学；另安排 4 学时的实验课，使学生能够循序渐进的去了解、熟悉、掌握有关机械工程设计 2) Kinematics 3) Dynamics 4) Mechanics of Materials.了解：1、The Applications of the Theoretic Mechanics are 1)Mechanics of Materials; 2)Mechanical Principles; 3)Machine
4、 Design; 4)Structural Mechanics;5)Plastic 6)Fluid Dynamics;7）Flight Mechanics;8) Vibration Theory.2、Scientists often classify the Research Model of Theoretic Mechanics by their appearance states: Solid(Rigid Body,not easy to change their shape), Liquid, or gas(Their shapes are changeable); and those
5、 kinds of materials also be separated into different kind of organic materials and inorganic materials. 教学重点及难点：教学重点：Introduction to Theoretic Mechanics and Advanced Engineering Mechanics, which that has to include:1) The definition of Mechanical motion :the situation of matter in Space was changed
6、with respective to the variable time; 2) Basic - 8 -Qnantities:Length、Time、Mass、Force; 3)Idealizations to the Models; 4)Significant Particles; 5)The Application of Rigid Body; 6）Concentrated Force; 7)Newtons Three Laws of motion; 8)Newtons Law of Gravitational Attraction; 9)The Mathematical Derivati
7、ons of the Weight and the Gravitational Force; 10)Units of Measurement: SI Units(The International System of Units) 11) Numerical Calculations including:1)Dimensional Homogeneity; 2) Significant Figures(Digits); 3)Rounding off Numbers.教学难点：1.1) Introduction to the Properties of Theoretic Mechanics ,
8、 1.2) Introduction to the The Fundamental Concepts of Statics in the Theoretic Mechanics ,1.3) Introduction to the The Units of Measurements- 9 -教学基本内容及过程周一、二 第 3、4 节(两班共同授课内容 )1、 Introduction to Engineering Materials are those used in manufacture and become parts of products should be further subdi
9、vided into1)Metals;2)Ceramics;3) Composite; 4) Polymers; etc.2、 Introduction to Nonengineering materials are the chemicals, fuels, lubricants; and other materials used in the manufacturing process, but which do not become part of the product etc.3、 Introduction to the special elements within a kind
10、of ceramics materials, other then the porcelain; china clay; potters earth; etc. especially, emphasis to hint the global focus and the treasure of our country: which is the REE (Rare Earth Element). (Phase-)4、 Metal alloys include stainless steel which is an alloy of iron, nickel, and gold jewelry w
11、hich usually contains an alloy of gold and nickel; Alloys are compounds consisting of more - 10 -than one metal. Adding other metals can affect the density, strength, fracture toughness, plastic deformation, electrical conductivity and environmental degradation. 5、 Some metal alloys, such as those b
12、ased on aluminum, have low densities and are used in aerospace applications for fuel economy.6、 It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light, which reach the metal.7、Some of the useful properties of ceramics and glasses include high melting temper
13、atures, low density, high strength, stiffness, hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance.8、An optical fiber contains three layers: a core made of highly pure glass with a high refractive index for light to travel, a middle layer of glass with a lower refractive index known as the cladding w
14、hich protects the core glass from scratches and other surface imperfections, and an outer polymer jacket to - 11 -protect the fiber from damage.9、Particles-reinforced Composites: Particles are used to increase the modulus of the matrix, to decrease the permeability of the matrix, to decrease the duc
15、tility of the matrix. Such as an example of particles-reinforced composites is an automobile tire which has carbon black particles in a matrix of polyisobutylene (聚异乙/丁烯) elastomeric polymer. Particles used for reinforcing include ceramics and glasses such as small mineral particles, metal particles
16、 such as aluminum, and amorphous materials, including polymers and carbon black.10、Important characteristics of polymers: 1)size; single polymer molecules typically have molecular weights between 10,000 and 1,000,000 g/mol-that can be more than 2,000 repeating units depending on the polymer structur
17、e. The other some important characteristics of polymers include their size (or molecular weight), softening and melting points, crystallinity(结晶度), and structure; The mechanical properties of polymers generally include low strength and high toughness; Their strength is often improved using reinforce
18、d composite structures.- 12 -11、Important characteristics of polymers: 1)size; 2)thermal transitions; 3) Crystallinity; 4)Interchain interactions(链间相互作用); 5)Interchain structure (the chemical structure of the chains).12、Reinforcing fibers can be made of metals, ceramics, glasses, or polymers that ha
19、ve been turned into graphite and known as carbon fibers, Fibers increase the modulus of the matrix material. The strong covalent bonds along the fibers length give them a very high modulus in this direction because to break or extend the fiber and the bonds must also be broken or moved.教学基本内容及过程周三 第
20、 5、6 节(2) 班单周授课内容 - 13 -作业和思考题：依照理论力学-静力学篇原文教材的英文课文进行段落重点式讲解，并提示及灌输学生科技性英文论文 Since their improved physical properties they are used commercially in many ways not possible with carbon steels.了解：1、When alloys are cooled rapidly, entirely different results may be obtained, because sufficient time is no
21、t provided for the normal phase reactions to occur. 2、Procedures of heat treatment of metals including:1)Hardening; 2) Tempering; 3)Annealing; 4)Normalizing and Spheroidizing.3、Processes of Surface Hardening including: 1)Carburizing; 2)Carbonitriding; 3）Cyaniding; 4)Nitriding.教学重点及难点：重点： 1、Introduct
22、ion to the heat treatment of metals, and the Simplified Iron-Carbon Diagram which that is often used.2、The understanding of heat treatment is embraced by the broader study of metallurgy.3、Introduction to the Procedures of heat treatment of metals which that including:1)Hardening; 2)Tempering; 3)Anne
23、aling; 4)Normalizing and Spheroidizing.4、A ceramic is often broadly defined as any inorganic nonmetallic material. By this definition, ceramic materials would also include glasses; however, many materials scientists add the stipulation that “ceramics“ must also be crystalline. - 16 -难点：1、Steel can b
24、e hardened to resist cutting action and abrasion, or it can be softened to permit machining;2、Procedures of heat treatment of metals including:1)Hardening; 2) Tempering; 3)Annealing; 4)Normalizing and Spheroidizing;3、Processes of Surface Hardening including: 1)Carburizing; 2)Carbonitriding; 3）Cyanid
25、ing; 4)Nitriding;4、Alloy steels owe their properties to the presence of one or more elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, vanadium, and copper; Since their improved physical properties they are used commercially in many ways not possible with
26、carbon steels.- 17 -教学基本内容及过程1、Introduction to the Metal Treating Methods of the Heat Treatment of Metals which be used in the Procedures of heat treatment of metals which that including:1)Hardening; 2) Tempering; 3)Annealing; 4)Normalizing and Spheroidizing; 2、 Alloy steels owe their properties to
27、the presence of one or more elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, vanadium, and copper; Since their improved physical properties they are used commercially in many ways not possible with carbon steels.3、 Introduction to the special elements wi
28、thin a kind of ceramics materials, other then the mica; quartz; glass; silicon; porcelain; china clay; potters earth; etc. especially, Letsemphasis to hint the global focus and the treasure of our country: the REE (Rare Earth Element).(Phase-)4、Those portions of the iron-carbon diagram near the delt
29、a region and those above 2% carbon content are of little - 18 -importance to the engineer and are deleted.Note:the solid solution 固溶体状态；the delta region:铁素体区5、The iron wants to change from the FCC(Face Centered Cubic) austenite structure to the BBC(Body Centered Cubic) ferrite structure, but the fer
30、rite can only contain 0.02% carbon in solid solution.6、 It is impossible to see through metals, since these valence electrons absorb any photons of light, which reach the metal; in general, while processing electrolysis reaction the metals are opaque or adiaphanous and so the other electrode must be
31、 transparent in the electrolytic cell.7、This structure of the lamellar structure of alternating plates that forms on slow cooling, is composed of two distinct phases, but has its own set of characteristic properties and goes by the name pearlite, because of its resemblance to mother-of-pearl at low
32、magnification.8、Tie-line and lever-law calculations show that low-carbon ferrite nucleates and grows leaving the remaining austenite - 19 -richer in carbon.9、The Procedures of heat treatment of metals which thoseincluding:1)Hardening: the process of heating a piece of steel to a temperature within o
33、r above its critical range and then cooling rapidly; and in any heat-treating operation the rate of heating is important.2) Tempering: It is possible because of the instability of the martensite, the principal constituent of hardened steel; the operation consist of reheating quench-hardened steel to
34、 some temperature below the critical range followed by any rate of cooling, the final structure obtained from tempering fully hardened steel is called tempered martensite.3)Annealing: The primary purpose of this procedure is to soften hard steel so that may be machined or cold worked; this process i
35、s known as full annealing because it wipes out all trace of previous structure, refines the crystalline - 20 -structure, and softens the metal.4)Normalizing and Spheroidizing: The process of normalizing consists of heating the steel about 10 to 40 above the upper critical range and cooling in still
36、air to room temperature; That is principally used with low- and medium-carbon steels as well as alloy steels to make the grain structure more uniform, to relieve internal stresses, or to achieve desired results in physical properties; most commercial steels are normalized after being rolled or cast.
37、10、The processes of Surface Hardening which include:1)Carburizing(渗碳法 ): the carbon is absorbed into the metal to form a solid solution with iron and converts the outer surface into high-carbon steel, the carbon is gradually diffused to the interior of the part; steel for carburizing is usually a lo
38、w-carbon steel of about 0.15% carbon that would not in itself responds appreciably to heat treatment.2)Carbonitriding: It, sometimes also known as dry cyaniding - 21 -or nicarbing, is a case-hardening process in which the steel is held at a temperature above the critical range in a gaseous atmospher
39、e from which it absorbs carbon and nitrogen; any carbon-rich gas with ammonia can be used.3)Cyaniding: that or liquid carbonitriding as it is sometimes called, is also a process that combines the absorption of carbon and nitrogen to obtain surface hardness in low-carbon steels that do not respond to
40、 ordinary heat treatment; the part to be case hardened is immersed in a bath of fused sodium cyanide salts at a temperature slightly above the Ac1 range, the duration of soaking depending on the depth of the case.4)Nitriding: It is somewhat similar to ordinary case hardening, but it uses a different
41、 material and treatment to create the hard surface constituents; in this process the metal is heated to a temperature of around 510 and held - 22 -there for a period of time in contact with ammonia gas; nitrogen from the gas is introduced into the steel, forming very hard nitrides that are finely di
42、spersed through the surface metal.11、Nitrogen has greater hardening ability with certain elements than with others, hence, special nitriding alloy steels have been developed; the temperature of heating ranges from 495 to 565, liquid nitriding utilizes molten cyanide salts and, as in gas nitriding, t
43、he temperature is held below the transformation range, liquid nitriding adds more nitrogen and less carbon than either cyaniding or carburizing in cyanide baths.- 23 -作业和思考题：1、依照教材中各章节内的英文课文进行段落、重点式讲解，并提示 during or after cooling, the cast part is removed from the mold and then processed for delivery
44、.熟悉：Casting processes and cast-material technologies vary from simple to highly complex; material and process selection depends on the parts complexity and function, the products quality specifications, and the projected cost level.了解：Castings are parts that are made close to their final dimensions
45、by a casting process; with a history dating back 6,000 years, the various casting processes are in a state of continuous refinement and evolution as technological advances are being made.- 25 -教学重点及难点：重 点： 1、 Introduction to the different kinds of casting processes, at which that includes:1)Sand Cas
46、ting; 2)Investment Casting; 3)Centrifugal Casting.2、The understanding of various kinds of variable cast-material Technologies from simple to highly complex, especially, the Investment Casting, it can be used to make parts that cannot be produced by normal manufacturing techniques, such as turbine bl
47、ades that have complex shapes, or airplane parts that have to withstand high temperatures.3、Introduction to the Procedures of the Investment Casting, the mold of Investment Casting process is made by making a pattern using wax or some other material that can be melted away; and this wax pattern is d
48、ipped in refractory slurry, which coats the wax pattern and forms a skin; waiting this is dried and the process of dipping in the slurry and drying is repeated until a robust thickness is achieved.难 点： 1、The materials used for the slurry are a mixture of plaster, a binder and powdered silica, a refr
49、actory, for low temperature melts;2、For higher temperature melts, sillimanite or alumina-silicate is used as a refractory, and silica is used as a binder;3、Depending on the fineness of the finish desired additional coatings of sillimanite and ethyl silicate may be applied;4、Alloy steels owe their properties to the presence of one or more elements other than carbon, namely nickel, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, silicon, vanadium, and copper; Since their improved physical properties they are used commercially in
