1、毕业论文（设计）Title: An Analysis the Origin of American and British Surnames and its Cultural Connotations题 目: 浅析英美姓氏起源及文化内涵学生姓名 孙雪云学 号 BC09110521指导教师 董志友 讲师年 级 2009 级英本五班专 业 英语系 别 外国语言文学系黑 龙 江 外 国 语 学 院 本 科 生 毕 业 论 文 （ 设 计 ） 任 务 书姓名 学号 专业班级毕业论文（设计）题目：毕业论文（设计）的立题依据主要内容及要求进度安排 10 月 20 日 选题10 月 20 日 10 月 30
2、 日 接受指导老师的指导1 月 6 日 1 月 20 日 拟定论文大纲1 月 21 日 2 月 28 日 搜集、查阅、整理相关资料 3 月 1 日 3 月 20 日 论文开题3 月 21 日 4 月 20 日 初稿审定4 月 21 日 4 月 30 日 第一次修改5 月 1 日 5 月 15 日 第一次审定5 月 15 日 5 月 30 日 第二次修改5 月 30 日 6 月 5 日 定 稿6 月 5 日 6 月 15 日 论文评阅小组评审论文（设计）6 月 10 日 毕业论文（设计）答辩学生签字：指导教师签字：年 月 日黑龙江外国语学院 2013 届毕业论文i摘要姓氏是一种文化现象。英语姓氏
3、体现了英语民族的文化，同时反映了英语名族的社会生活。英语姓氏来源很广，含义也很丰富，本文从以下几点进行了阐述：（1）英美姓氏的构成形式及含义；（2）英美姓氏的来源，主要从以下几个方面进行论述: 血液、地名、职业、与个人自身相关、动植物、圣经、昵称绰号；（3）英美姓氏的文化内涵，主要从以下几个方面进行论述：宗教信仰、民族风情、思维方式、历史风貌、社会变迁、身份地位、自然崇拜。通过对以上几个方面的深入探讨，分析了英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵，了解了其中的文化蕴含，有助于我们更深刻的理解西方文化和学习语言，进而提高语言运用能力。关键词：英美姓氏；文化内涵；来源黑龙江外国语学院 2013 届毕业论文iiA
4、bstractSurname is a cultural phenomenon. English surnames reflect the national culture, and reflects the social life of English nations at the same time. The source of the English surname is very wide. Its meaning is also very rich, this text is better described from the following points: (1) Consti
5、tute forms of American and British surnames; (2) The source of the British and American surname; mainly discussed from the following aspects: the blood, place names, profession, associated with individual itself, plants and animals, the bible, nickname; (3) American and British surnames culture conn
6、otation, mainly discussed from the following aspects: religious beliefs, national customs, way of thinking, historical style and features, social change, status, natural worship. Through in-depth discussion of the above aspects, analyses the origin of the American and British surnames and cultural c
7、onnotations, and know about its culture. Help us to deep understand the western culture, study language and improve the language abilities.Key words: American and British surnames, the cultural connotation, source黑龙江外国语学院 2013 届毕业论文Contents摘要 .iAbstract.iiChapter 1 Introduction.1Chapter 2 Constitute
8、 Forms of American and British Surnames .3Chapter 3 The Sourse of the British and American Surnames.53.1 Occupational Titles .53.2 Physiological Characteristic .63.3 The name of the Animals and Plants.63.4 Nicknames.73.5 Place Names and Building Names .73.6 Patronymic Surnames.83.7 The Color.83.8 Th
9、e Surname from the Mother Name.93.9 The Bible .9Chapter 4 Cultural connotation.104.1 National Customs .104.2 Religious Belief.114.3 Social Change.124.4 Identity .134.5 Way Of Thinking .144.6 Historical Features.144.7Nature Worship .15Chapter 5 Conclusion.16Bibliography .19Acknowledgements.20黑龙江外国语学院
10、 2013 届毕业论文1An Analysis the Origin of American and British Surnames and its Cultural ConnotationsChapter 1 IntroductionName is a symbol; it is a sign of the difference between each other of people. English surnames is very wide, meaning is also very rich. It implies an ethnic language, history, geog
11、raphy, religion, and class status information. Discussion about English surnames culture connotation, understand the cultural implication, help us learning language and learning culture, avoid pragmatic failure in communication and under the different cultural context, improved the pragmatic compete
12、nce.British have only name and no surname in a very long period of time. The reasons of the formation of English name is very simple, is to distinguish between two people of the same name. Surname in Europe appears only back to the early fourteenth Century, until sixteenth Century was widely popular
13、.China has the book of family name. In fact, not only hundreds and it may be thousands on. English surname is a great many, Oxford University house published Surname dictionary (By Patrick Hanks and Flavia Hodges editor) including the UK and Ireland common surname up to fifteen thousand. But most fa
14、mily names are let person feel very strange, not many people use, the main surname is also only a few dozen. Li, Wang and Zhang are main surname of China and English three surnames is Smith, Jones, Williams.The 11 century British aristocracy began to use their homes as last name, and a generation to
15、 generation. Ordinary people have a plenty of choice their own surnames, or other people give their nickname as a family name. Because the name is immutable, “name” to become the most important part of the name after. For Christian people, usually a week after a child is born by the parents go to ch
16、urch baptism, at the same time, as the priest, parents, relatives and friends give their children a name, it is called 黑龙江外国语学院 2013 届毕业论文2“baptismal name” “given name”. For no religious people, the parents give the child a name according to their wishes. The origin of the name is associated with th
17、e countrys history development. To understand English name after habits and methods of the country is an opportunity to learn English national culture background, help to our daily communication.Surname as a title of family system with inheritance, and the family members have in common, can constitu
18、te a branch of culture, the surname culture. Surname is a history product of social development, its emergence and development is affected by a country specific social environment and cultural background, but also from the side reflect the cultural information of a nations history, religion, customs
19、, values, morals, ethics, etc. and convey the national psychology, thinking mode and value orientation, is the living fossil of a national culture.The connotation of the English name is special rich. Understand English surnames, is a great help to learners of English, improve my English level and Ch
20、inese college students know about Britains last name. 黑龙江外国语学院 2013 届毕业论文3Chapter 2 The source of the British and American surnameThe surname of English has been existed in a fixed mode. English surname originated from many languages; Old English, Old French，The ancient Norse，The Irish language，Gael
21、ic, Celtic, welsh, Gaulish, Germanic, Latin, Hebrew and so on. The origin of the English surname reflected the English history. In the history, English has been afflicting the war and invaded by other racial countries; England has a wide connection with other racial countries.Before the Norman Conqu
22、est, on the peninsula of England Anglo - Saxons was still in the backward tribal society stage. Each family to rely on kinship formed groups, they lived dispersed in different villages, Kinship constitutes was link between the internal tribal groups. When people had no surnames, the name of the fami
23、ly members is an important symbol of mutual recognition. Due to the backward mode of production, transportation occlusion, the narrow space, people use only “name” seems to meet the communication needs of internal tribal, no need to create a set of identification symbol system make their original si
24、mple lifestyle become complicated. The Norman conquest of England, the British feudal system formation was completed and has been strengthened and developed, the feudal systems development promote the development of economic and social. Social contacts personnel on complex, a lot of the same name to
25、 the people in the political, trade, and the statutes, tax and other aspects to create a lot of trouble and inconvenience. More accurate, convenient, effective, reliable regional occasion is becoming more and more necessary. Norman the use of force to conquer the British but the British (Anglo - Sax
26、ons) defeated in their own language (English) the ruling class language (French) and making it the national unity of language. The Norman surname conformed to the historical development, adapted to the needs of economic development, gradually popular in the UK.British people began to use surname is
27、after the Norman conquest, the Normans 黑龙江外国语学院 2013 届毕业论文4conquered not only bring a lot of English vocabulary development, also brought the surnames for British，initial these surname still changeable and after fixed down gradually, become a surname can be passed from generation to generation.黑龙江外国
28、语学院 2013 届毕业论文5Chapter 3 American and British surnames constitute forms We know that the source of Chinese surname is very complex, but most of the them contact with life and, and the same of the them are name after animals, plants or other natural objects, such as horses, cattle, dragon, willow, pl
29、um, plum, leaf, valley, wheat, river, gold, stone, etc.; Some of the them use the professional as surname, such as witch, jungle, etc. English surnames are complex and diverse. In the Late Period of the middle Ages, population growth, the flow of the population also increases, which leads to the und
30、erlying social English names in not enough. Previously, a British farmer named John, Tom and Job is ok, now cant, now more people have same name, must be to invent a new name.The first way is behind the name additional son, said is someones son, such as Johnson, Thomson and jobson. Later found that
31、this way is too monotonous too rustic and came up with many other methods. But in a word, the surname comes from life or myths and legends. It can be roughly seven classes: use profession, the physiological characteristics, mountains/ water/ animal/ plant, nickname, residence, and Christian doctrine
32、 or myths/ legends as surname.A minority of the surnames is made of the two words, combined with the hyphen and existed compound surname in English. For example: Lloyd-Jones, Bartlett-Smith and so on. This compound surname has been existed combined the parents name. This can avoid to repeat, and it reflect a way of inherit. The fortune of English aristocracy prescribes that it will be inherited by the descendents. If there is not the male successor, the female descendent must combine the two familys name. This is the origin of English compound name.3.1 Occupational titles
