1、科技英语标点符号用法（以钢铁专业为例）THE INTRODUCTION TO ENGLISH PUNCTUATION USAGE FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY徐树德 编著科技英语标点符号用法（以钢铁专业为例）标点符号是现代英语书面语必不可少的部分，而国内一般英语语法书对标点符号的介绍均较简略；现已出版的英汉科技词典，附录多为化学元素表、度量衡表等，未见将英语标点符号用法作为附录的。有鉴于此，笔者以近年国外英文原版钢铁专业文献为素材，广泛搜集英语标点符号的用法、用例，归纳、整理成文。其中部分内容，鲜见或未见于国内版英语语法书。因此，本英语标点符号用法对于从事科技汉英互译将
2、会有所裨益。 1 逗号（,）1.1 用于分隔句首状语In 1996, China overtook Japan to become the worlds largest producer of crude steel.1996 年，中国粗钢产量超过日本，成为世界上最大的产钢国。To lower the hydrogen content in liquid steel from an initial8ppm to a final1.5ppm, a degassing time of 18 minutes is necessary under a vacuum of 1 mbar.为将钢水含氢量由
3、开始时8ppm 最终降至1.5ppm ，在真空度 1 mbar 的情况下，脱气时间必须达 18 分钟。Depending on the metallurgical requirements, the complete cycle times for the VD process can range between 25 and 55 minutes.视冶金要求不同，VD 法全循环时间为 25 至 55 分钟。1.2 用于分隔并列成分Annual average production, fuel rate, blow-in date, working volume, wind rate, oxy
4、gen enrichment, hot blast temperature and slag basicity for all operating blast furnaces are shown in Table II.全部在产高炉的年平均产量、燃料比、开炉日期、工作容积、风量、富氧度、热风温度和炉渣碱度均列于表 II。Of these, the productions of steel sheet pilings, H-sections, large-scale sections, steel plates, steel strips, etc. increased, while thos
5、e of medium and small sections, ordinary steel wires and steel rounds decreased .其中，薄钢板桩、H 型材、大型型材、钢板、带钢等的产量提高，而中小型材、普通钢丝和圆钢产量降低。（注意：在中国人写的英文中，用顿号（、 ）分隔并列成分的情况时有发生。须知：英文中是没有顿号的。 ）1.3 用于分隔附加说明的词语和独立成分Molybdenum, up to 2.5 per cent, is also added for still greater corrosion resistance required, for ex
6、ample, in commercial and industrial sinks, superheater tubing in power stations and the cladding of buildings in polluted atmospheres.为了进一步提高必要的抗蚀性，还可添加高达 2.5%的钼，如商业和工业用污水槽、电站过热器管线以及大气污染区内建筑物防护层等均应如此。1.4 用于分隔非限制性定语从句The DC EAF will be fed with scrap and a 60 percent hot DRI charge, which will be sup
7、plied by a new HYLIII direct reduction plant now under construction.该直流电弧炉将使用废钢和 60%的热态直接还原铁为炉料。直接还原铁将由一座在建的希尔 III 直接还原厂供货。1.5 用于分隔同位语Nucor Corp., worlds largest mini mill, is planning to build a new thin slab caster.世界最大的小钢厂纽柯公司目前正计划新建一台薄板坯连铸机。Copper, one of metals, has a good electric conductivity
8、.铜是一种金属，它具有良好的导电性。1.6 用于引出直接引语，常于用 said 等词之后He said, “The coke oven BF BOF route appears to be the most likely process route.”他说：“看来，焦炉高炉氧气顶吹转炉流程是最有吸引力的生产流程。 ”1.7 当直接引语前置时，其句末句号应改为逗号；同时，引述分句（REPORTLING CLAUSE）中的主谓词序常倒装“The coke oven BF BOF route appears to be the most likely process route,” said he.
9、1.8 标写日期和地址On April 22, 1997, Chaparral Steel announced plans to build a million-ton structural steel mill in the eastern U.S.1997 年 4 月 22 日，查帕拉尔钢公司宣布了将在美国东部建设一座一百万美吨生产能力结构钢钢厂的计划。（本例英文原文摘自美刊 IRON AND STEEL ENGINEER，1997，NO.7，故 ton译成美吨。1 美吨约等于 907.2Kg。 ）Iron ）用于分隔并列成分The ladle furnace is equipped wi
10、th: Water cooled electrode arms; Powder injection equipment; Wire feeding machine; Automatic argon coupling device.钢包炉装备有：水冷电极臂；喷粉设备；喂线机；氩气自动接通装置。*注意：分号的作用介于逗号和句号之间，故有时还用来分割带有逗号的并列成分，例如：The main casting machine components include: steel structure; ladle turret; tundish; mold, oscillating system; sec
11、ondary cooling system; straightener; torch cutting machine; hydraulic, lubrication, electrical and cooling water systems.连铸机主要部件包括：钢结构、钢包回转台、中间包、结晶器及振动装置、二次冷却系统、矫直机、火焰切割机以及液压、润滑、电器和冷却水系统。4 冒号（:）4.1 用于不用引号的直接引语之前，且引述分句中的引述动词可省略 ISM: What do you think the future holds for the iron and steel industry?I
12、&SM*（记者）问：您对钢铁工业的未来有何看法？SCHEEL: I dont see iron and steel being supplanted by alternative materials. That doesnt mean we have to get lazy or less technically sophisticated in the future.SCHEEL 答：我不认为钢铁材料能被其他材料所代替。但这并不意味着将来我们对（钢铁）技术精益求精的追求可稍有懈怠。* I&SM 即美国著名钢铁杂志 Iron & Steelmaker 的缩写。4.2 用于列举事物The new
13、 stove has the following features:High heat efficiency(85%).Compact design (one sixth conventional volume).Low investment (half conventional cost).新热风炉具有下述特点：热效率高（85%）设计紧凑（普通热风炉容积的六分之一）投资低（普通热风炉投资的一半）4.3 引出说明性词语Plate mill: screwdown electrical upgradeMeltshop: install ladle metallurgy facilityCaster
14、: upgrade mold oscillation system钢板轧机：压下装置电器设备改造冶炼车间：安装钢包冶金设备连铸机：改造结晶器振动系统4.4 分隔标题和副标题Ladle and Tundish Heating: Innovation and Revolution钢水包和中间罐加热：创新与革命EAF Process Control: Beyond 2000电弧炉过程控制：2000 年以后4.5 在部分书刊中用于分隔表的序号与说明词Table 1: Production of steel in Italy(Mt)表 1：意大利钢产量（百万吨）Table: Comparison bet
15、ween predicted and experimental RTD parameters for the single strand slab casting tundish表：单流板坯连铸中间包钢水停留时间分布参数预测值和实验值比较5 问号（?）用于问句之后How do you view the relationship between integrated mill and mini mill?您如何看待钢铁联合工厂和小钢厂之间的关系？What are your thoughts about the Iron and Steel Society?您对钢铁学会的看法如何？6 破折号（）6
16、.1 用于分隔附加说明的词语Examples of DC electric arc furnaces include:Nucor 100-tonne twin-shell.Tuscaloosa 150-tonne twin-shell.直流电弧炉实例包括：纽柯公司100 吨，双壳塔斯卡卢萨公司150 吨，双壳6.2 分隔同位语BOF steelmaking without hot metalthe Z-BOP process不用铁水的 BOF 转炉炼钢法Z-BOP 炼钢法6.3 用于分隔标题与副标题Challenges and opportunitiesA report on the 3rd
17、FT/CRU global steel conference挑战与机遇第三届 FT/CRU 全球钢铁会议报告Development in the North American iron and steel industry1998北美钢铁工业的发展19986.4 在部分书刊中用于分隔插图序号与说明词Fig.3Strip crown control图 3 带钢凸度控制Fig.5Temperature field of mould wall for thin slab caster 图 5 薄板坯连铸机结晶器壁的温度场6.5 用于分隔姓名与所在单位ERCase Armco Inc.ER凯斯 阿姆科
18、公司6.6 用于段落小标题与段落正文之间 “Casting”The construction of new intermediate and thin slab casters, and billet casters continues by integrated, specialty and mini mills. The status of new continuous casting plants reported in 1997 follows:连铸钢铁联合公司、特殊钢公司和小钢厂继续新建中厚板坯连铸机、薄板坯连铸机和小方坯连铸机。据 1997 年报道，新建连铸机情况如下：7 引号（“
19、” ）7.1 用于直接引语He said, “The mold is the heart of the continuous casting machine.”他说：“结晶器是连铸机的心脏。 ”“Before we started making steel beams in 1982, imports accounted for about 41% of the market,” said Wroble.罗布尔说：“1982 年在我们生产钢梁之前，进口量约占市场的 41%。 ”7.2 用于引述谚语、俗语等There is a saying, “There are many ways to sk
20、in a cat.” The same could be said for producing a heat of steel.俗语道：“猫皮剥法不止一种” ，炼钢方法岂能相同。(英文原文摘自一篇讨论炼钢流程的论文。此处意指应根据实际情况确定生产流程，不能固守一法不变)7.3 加在词或词组的两端，用于表达特定意义或引起人们的注意When polished or freshly cut, metals show distinct“metallic lustre”.金属经过抛光或刚切割后会放出特有的“金属光泽”7.4 在文末参考文献中，用于引出文献标题或书名G.Schipper, “Practic
21、al Method to Calculate Effects of Work Roll Cooling on Strip Shape and Crown,” Ironmaking and Steelmaking, Vol.23, No.1, 1996, pp.66-68G.希珀，工作辊冷却对带钢形状和凸度影响的实用计算方法，炼铁与炼钢，23 卷，No.1, 1996, pp.66-68“World Steel in Figures 1995,” International Iron and Steel Institute, Brussels, Belgium 1995世界钢铁统计1995，国际
22、钢铁协会，比利时，布鲁塞尔，1995(注意：在中国人写的英文中，用中文书名号代替英文“”号的情况时有发生，须知：英文中是没有号的。)8 连字号(-)8.1 用于复合词的连接mini-mill小钢厂post-combustion二次燃烧Oxygen-fuel burner氧燃烧嘴in-mold induction stirring结晶器内感应搅拌8.2 用于连接缩写词BF-BOF route高炉氧气顶吹转炉流程DRI-EAF steelmaking route直接还原铁电弧炉炼钢流程8.3 用于字母与数字之间，表示序号或型号系列H-4 blast furnaceH-4 号高炉HYL-III DR
23、I plant希尔直接还原铁厂8.4 用于以两个公司名称命名的新公司名称中Nucor-Yamato Steel Co.纽柯大和钢公司(指美国纽柯公司和日本大和公司合资创建的公司)8.5 用于数字和计量单位之间，表示设备的的吨位、生产能力、载重量、规格等。30-tonne EOF30 吨最佳节能炉1.8 million-tonne/year slab caster年生产能力 180 万吨的板坯连铸机150-tonne tundish car载重量 150 吨的中间罐小车4-strand billet caster4 流小方坯连铸机56-in.hot strip mill56 吋带钢热轧机20-M
24、w plasma furnace20 兆瓦等离子炉(注意：此时计量单位应为单数)9 圆括号()9.1 括出产量、生产能力、时间等的单位raw steel production(tonnes)粗钢产量(吨)annual capacity of EAF(tonnes)电弧炉年生产能力(吨)tap-to-tap time(hrs)出钢到出钢之间的时间(小时 )9.2 括出缩写词Intelligent Arc Furnace(IAF)智能型电弧炉（IAF）ladle furnace(LF)钢包炉（LF）Vacuum induction melting(VIM)真空感应熔炼（VIM）9.3 括出说明性文
25、字The slab widths produced range from 800 to 1600mm (31.5 to 63in.).生产的板坯宽度范围为 800 至 1600mm（31.5 吋至 63 吋）raw material (iron ore, lump coal and lime)原料（铁矿石、块煤和石灰）SEN (submerged entry nozzle) is between tundish and mould.SEN（浸入式水口）位于中间包与结晶器之间。9.4 括出可供选择的内容The submerged lance(s) is also introduced throu
26、gh the top of the vessel.浸入式喷枪（单支或多支）也从转炉炉顶插入炉内。9.5 括出例举的数字或字母The operations in coal handling are subdivided into three separate sections:(1)The coal field and stacker reclaimer operation(2)The crushing and storage of coal(3)The coal blending operation煤处理作业分为三个独立的部分：(1)煤场和堆取料作业(2)煤的破碎和储存(3)混煤作业A bla
27、st furnace includes five components:(a)topbell-less top(b)stackgraphite block and silicon carbide brick(c)bellygraphite brick(d)boshgraphite brick(e)hearthcarbon brick高炉由五部分组成：(a)炉顶无料钟炉顶(b)炉身石墨砌块和碳化硅砖(c)炉腰石墨砖(d)炉腹石墨砖(e)炉缸碳砖10 方括号( )10.1 括出在他人文字中插入的自己解释性词语Now hes running a minimill Gallatin Steel Com
28、pany.目前他正在经营一个小钢厂（即加拉廷钢公司）10.2 括出金属液中的元素符号The vacuum decarburization time of the ULC steels depends on the initial and final carbon contents, for instance, from an initial C300ppm to a finalC40ppm takes 20 minutes under a vacuum of 1 mbar.超低碳钢的真空脱碳时间视其初始含碳量和终点含碳量而定，例如，在真空度 1 毫巴时，由初始含碳量C300ppm 降至终点含碳
29、量C40ppm 需 20 分钟。10.3 在需要使用双重括号时，方括号在圆括号之外The price of imported pig iron landed in the United States at $150/metric ton ($136.36/net ton)进口生铁价格美国抵岸价为 150 美元/吨(合 136.36 美元/短吨)part(a) of Figure 1图 1(a)图(国内有的语言工具书认为方括号应在圆括号之内，与英、美钢铁专业实际语言资料相悖)11 省略号（）11.1 表示文中省略的部分The combination of over 45 years experi
30、ence in solving temperature problems and the latest technology has resulted in a range of temperature measurement systems offering unrivalled accuracy, reliability and flexibility将 45 年研究温度问题的经验与最新技术相结合，从而生产出一系列测温装置，它们的精确性、可靠性及适应性均无与伦比。11.2 在表格栏目中表示内容空白12 斜线号(/)12.1 用于分隔并列词Thin slab and billet casti
31、ng/rolling complexes薄板坯和小方坯铸/轧机组12.2 用于分隔尺寸、重量以及技术参数的最大和最小值slab width(min./max.)790/1350mm板坯宽度(最小/最大) 790/1350mmsteel ingot weight(min./max.)1/3 tonnes钢锭重量(最小/最大)1/3 吨casting speed(min./max.)1/2.5m/min.铸速(最低/最高)1/2.5m/分连铸 轧制与成形连铸机：结晶器改造连铸机：中间包加热轧机：电器改造Continuous casting Rolling and shapingCaster: mo
32、ld upgradeCaster: tundish heatingRolling mill: electrical upgradebillet temperature(min./max.)850/870 小方坯温度(最低/最高) 850/87012.3 用于计量单位中，表示“每”8.9tonnes/day/100 cu ft of working volume8.9 吨/天/100 呎 3 工作容积1.2 million tonne/year continuous bloom caster年产 120 万吨的大方坯连铸机12.4 用于表示分数tubular products from2 3/8
33、-in.up to 7-in dia.直径 2 3/8 吋至 7 吋的管材12.5 用在 and 和 or 之间，表示“二者都”或“二者取其一”scrap and/or hot metal废钢和/或铁水13 撇号()表示名词所有格Chinas Iron and Steel Industry中国钢铁工业Worlds largest blast furnace世界最大的高炉14 感叹号(!)用于加强语气或引起注意，常用于广告中LADLE LINING LIFE PROLONGED BY 10-15-20% OR MORE？YOU BET!钢包衬寿命能延长 10%-15%-20%，甚至更长吗？当然能做到!Hydraulic Piping Has Never Been Installed As Fast!液压管线安装从未如此之快!WE BUY AND SELL SECONDHAND MILL EQUIPMENT!我们收购和销售二手轧机设备!CALL OUR COMPANY IF YOU HAVE SURPLUS STEELMAKING EQUIPMENT FOR SALE!您有多余炼钢设备待售吗？请用电话与我们公司联系!
