1、高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 15. 时态、语态【时态的基本概念 】动词 do 的时态、语态形式变化对照表主动语态 被动语态一般现在时 do ( does ) am(is, are )+ done一般过去时 did was(were )+ done一般将来时 will(shall) do will be + done现在进行时 am(is are )doing am(is,are)being+done过去进行时 was(were) doing was(were)being+done现在完成时 have(has) done have(has)been+done过去完成时 had done
2、 had been+done过去将来时 would do would be + done现在完成进行时 have(has)been doing 没有被动形式过去完成进行时 Had been doing 没有被动形式1. 一般现在时：时态标志: often usually sometimes every day on Sunday 等1) We go to school every day.2)Each person needs water and a diet of healthy food. (P.2, Senior Book1B)考点：1） 主将 从现 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一
3、般现在时表示将来的概念。：when, after, before, until, as soon as/ the moment：if, unless; so(as)long as 。I will not stop my fight against slavery until all slaves are free. 2）火车、 飞机、轮船的时刻表，学校单位等的时间作息表用一般现在时；The flight to Beijing takes off at five oclock this afternoon.Classes begin at eight tomorrow morning.3) 宾语
4、从句表永恒的真理:He told me that practice makes perfect.4) 表思想感情等动词用于表暂时的情况: hear, see , taste, smell, sound, seem, look, like, hate, prefer, want, believe, doubt, think, suppose, understand, need 等高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 2I m hungry. I want something to eat.2. 一般过去时：过去发生过了的动作，这个动作的全过程已经结束。时态标志:yesterday, last,
5、ago, in 1990Fortunately, I was in time for the interview. The interview went well and I told the company about my experiences and answered their questions as honestly as I could. (P.34, Senior Book2B)考点: 固定句式1) Its time (that) sb. did（should do）Ten oclock nowits time you went home.2) would rather (t
6、hat) sb. didDont come and see me today. Id rather you came tomorrow.3) 在 wish 引导的宾语从句中 (表现在或将来)I wish I had a better memory.4)在 if (If only)引导的虚拟条件句中If I had money, Id buy a car.If only I had more time.5). Im sorry, I didnt recognize you/ I forgot to bring my book here/I broke your cup.3. 一般将来时：将要发生
7、的动作。时态标志: tomorrow, this afternoon, next week, in two days, in 2010, if 条件句的主句等将来时的五种动词形式1.will(shall)+动词原形，用以表示“预见” 和“主观意图”Go through the gate and you will find the entrance to Bear Country on the other side. (P1, Senior Book2A) （表示“预见”）Lets go together then. I will meet you at the theatre at six-t
8、hirty. (P.19, Senior Book2A) (表示“主观意图)2.be going to + 动词原形，用以表示“打算做某事” 或“已经有迹象将要发生的情况。Im going to cut this tree down. (P.25, Senior Book1B)It is going to rain. (有迹象表明将要下雨 )3.be to +动词原形，用以表示按照计划、安排即将发生的动作或表示命令、禁止。The message is this: you are to go to the hotel where rooms have already been booked fo
9、r 高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 3you. (P.33, Senior Book2B)4.will be doing，在当代英语中用以表示纯粹的将来。Who will be taking over her job?Everybody else will be wearing jewellery. (P.13, Senior Book1B)5.用进行时的动词形式表示将来的概念。这种用法通常仅限于瞬间动词，因为瞬间动词不可能有“进行 ”的概念，所以不会产生歧义。How many of you are making the trip? Is anybody seeing you off?
10、d) be about to do 表马上要进行的动作 , 不可与具体时间连用be to do 则 可以与具体时间连用The plane is about to take off.The plane is to take off in two minutes.注: The plane takes off at 5 this afternoon.(不可改变的时刻表)The plane is taking off at 5 this afternoon.(可以改变的情况)My brother is coming with me to the airport to see me off. My pl
11、ane leaves at 7, so I think Ill take a taxi.-Come to my party tonight. -OK, Ill bring my boyfriend.(不能用 be going to)表临时作出的决定 ,否则就表明你早有计划了.4. 现在进行时：说话时正在发生的动作。时态标志: now, at present, at this moment, look, listen, there be时态结构: am/is/are doingIm doing a word puzzle in this newspaper. Im trying to find
12、the name of a famous person. Can you help me? (P. 1, Senior Book2B)考点:1) 现在进行时同 always 配合使用时，be always/forever/constantly doing带有赞赏，喜欢或厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。1.)They also have bad teeth, because of the sugar which they are always eating. (P.3, Senior Book1B)2)He is always making trouble.2)现在进行时用来表示目前正在发生的变化
13、和发展中的情况.高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 41)The population of the world I s rising very fast.2)Is your English getting better now?3)The world is changing. Science and technology is developing.过去进行时:过去某一时间或某段时间正在进行的动作。时态标志: this time yesterday/last week, whendid时态构成: was/were doing He bought a coffee and as the tr
14、ain was traveling fast and moving from side to side , he decided to drink it there and not to carry it back to his seat. (P.32, Senior Book2B)Over 500 people were working in the building when the fire broke out on the 11th floor. (P.6, Senior Book1B)考点:1) was/were always doing 带有厌恶、批评，不喜欢等感情色彩。He wa
15、s always playing computer games last year.2) was/were doingwhendid 正在做.的时候突然.We were listening to the teacher very attentively when he suddenly rushed out.3)-Did he finish his homework last night.-I dont know. He was doing it when I went to bed.5. 现在完成时：与现在有联系的过去的动作。时态标志: already, yet, ever, never,
16、just, once, twice, three times, so far, recently, lately, now, these days, for three years, since two days ago, since last year 等时态构成: have/has done1)Mr. Ball has just called on Mrs. Zhu to give her a message. (P.13, Senior Book2B)2) We shall have to make a decision about Ms King, whose story I have
17、 just told you. (P.19, Senior Book1B)考点:1)并非所有以 for +段时间引导的短语都用于现在完成时.He has stayed ( will stay/ stayed) here for three days.2) He has gone there for three days 错.He has been/stayed there for three days 对3) 用现在完成时说明过去的动作对现在还有影响作用，不用现在完成时询问或说明已经知高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 5道了事情的起源和原因, 这时要用过去时.Some fool has l
18、et the cat in.Who let the cat in? I did. 4)现在完成时用于 when, as soon as, until 引导的从句中表将来完成 .Well have a rest when we have finished the job.You can leave as soon as your report has been checked.Im using the ladder. Youll have to wait until I have finished it.5) This/It is the first/second time that sb ha
19、ve/has done the best/most beautiful flower that sb have/has doneIts the first time that he has driven a car.This is the most beautiful city that I have ever been to.Thats the seventh beer that youve drunk this evening.但: I t was the first time that he had driven a car.6. 过去完成时：比过去的一个参照动作或时间更早的动作，作为参
20、照的过去的动作或时间有时在句子中直接表述出来，有时通过上下文暗示。时态标志: beforedid , by +过去时间时态构成: had doneHer parents were dead and had left her a lot of money. (Einstein had always been fond of music and had learnt music as a young boy. 考点:1) had (just) donewhendid. I had just finished the last exercise when the bell rang for the
21、end of the class.We had just got to school when it began to rain.2) Hardly had sb. done.whendid No sooner had sb donethandid 刚一做了. 就.Hardly had I had time to speak when he turned to rush out.8.过去将来时：以过去某一时间为参照，将要发生的动作。在宾语从句中由于时态呼应的要求，经常会用到过去将来时。I thought it was going to be fun.7. 现在完成进行时： 由过去开始，延续到现
22、在并且可能继续进行的动作。现在完成高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 6进行时在句子中一般可以翻译成“一直”。时态构成: have/has been doing .People have been talking of it a lot recently. 1)Pippas parents have been waiting for them.2)For years we have been dreaming better housing and jobs. (-3)-you look tired now.-Yes, I have been painting the house.【相关知识及
23、运用】1. 一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时的区别。一般过去时只用以陈述过去发生过的事情。In a poor district in Paris, in the year 1775, there was a wine shop, the owner of which was Monsieur Defarge. (P.56, Senior Book2B)现在完成时表达的动作虽然发生在过去，但说话时要强调的是这个过去的动作与现在有关系，语意的重心着眼于现在。这种过去的动作同现在的联系有两种情况：a)过去的动作对现在仍具有影响。-Would you go to see the film with
24、me this evening?-Sorry, I have seen it before.have seen the film 的动作肯定发生在过去，对现在的影响是 “我不想和你去看了”。b)过去的动作延续到现在。表示这种延续时经常会用到 for、since 一类时间状语。I have worked in Beijing since I graduated from the university. (从毕业一直延续到现在)We have lived in Beijing for about 20 years. 过去完成时必须有一个过去的动作作为参照点，由此发生了同一般过去时混淆的问题。过去完
25、成时是一种相对的时态，它必须有一个过去的动作为参照，比这个过去的参照动作更早的动作才能用过去完成时。如果没有这个过去的参照的动作，就没有过去完成时，即使是一亿年前的动作也是一般过去时。When I got to the cinema, the film had begun.Our country is getting stronger and stronger.Im getting on well with my English.I was doing my homework this time yesterday.Mother was cooking when I came home.高一英
26、语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 7阶段概念的时间状语是“段时间”，表示在一段时间内一直在做的动作，至于动作是否结束则不是说话者所关心的。He is writing a new novel these days.The workers were building a bridge last year.关于时态须熟记的几个固定句型:1. 祈使句, and/or+ 将来时1） Use your head and you will find a way.2） Give blood if possible and many lives will be saved.3） Dont move,or I wi
27、ll fire.2. be always/forever/constantly doing3. This/It is the first/second time that sb. have/has donethe+最高级 4. That/It was the first/second time that sb. had donethe+最高级 5. was/were doing was/were on/atwas/were going to do whendidwas/were about to dohad (just) done6. Hardly had sb. done.whendid N
28、o sooner had sb donethandid7. Make sure/Check that sb do1) 不及物动词没有被动语态. die, happen, take place, occur, break out, appear, disappear等2) 主动表被动的集中情况:a. 系动词 look, sound, smell, taste, feel, keep, stay, remain, get, become + adj.The steel feels cold.The food has gone bad.b. 表示开始,结束，运动的动词,如 begin, finish
29、, start, open, close, stop, end, shut, run, 高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 8move 等 .Work begins at eight in the morning.The shop closes at 6 pm every day.c. 表示主语的某种特征的动词,如 read, write, sell, wash, wear, lock, dry, cook+ adv.This coat dries easily.Nylon cleans easily.Food can keep fresh in fridge,Your speech rea
30、ds well. My pen writes well/smoothly.The door wont open.The window wont close.The car wont start.d. hang, prove, increase, improveMy coat is hanging behind the door. My coat was hung behind the door by my mother.His theory proves right. His theory was proved by me to be right.e. be+adj, to doEnglish
31、 is not so difficult to learn.This problem is hard to work out.f. have sth. to dohave sth. to be doneg. be worth doingh. sth. want/need/require doing ( to be done)The room needs cleaning/ to be done.i. be to let/ blameI am to blame. The house is to let.例 1：Selecting a mobile phone for personal use i
32、s no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.（2001 年高考试题）高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 9A. is changing B. has changedC. will have changed D. will change2：I _ ping-pong quite well, but havent had time to play since the new year. （2001 年高考试题）A. will play B. have playedC. played D. play3- You havent said a word
33、 about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it?- Im sorry I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont sayC. wont say D. didnt say4 The price _, but I doubt whether it will remain so. A. went down B. will go downC. has gone down D. was going down 小试牛刀1. Hund
34、reds of jobs _ if the factory closes. A. lose B. will be lost C. are lost D. will lose 2. Ive won a holiday for two days to Florida. I _ my mum.A. am taking B. have taken C. take D. will have taken 3. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. A. will be built B. is built C. has been bu
35、ilt D. is being built 4. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _ so rapidly.A. is changing B. has changed C. will have changed D. will change 5. I _ Ping pong quite well, but I havent had time to play since the new year. A. played B. will play C. have played D.
36、 play 6. Visitors _ not to touch the exhibits. A. will request B. request C. are requesting D. are requested 7. John and I _ friends for eight years. We first got to know each other at a Christmas party. But we _ each other a couple of times before that.A. had been; have seen w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m B.
37、have been; have seen C. had been; had seen w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m D. have been; had seen 高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 108. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing 9. How are the team playing ? They are playing well,
38、 but one of them _ hurt. A. got B. gets C. are D. were 10. You havent said a word about my new coua, Brenda. Do you like it ? Im sorry, I _ anything about it sooner. I certainly think its pretty on you. A. wasnt saying B. dont say C. wont say D. didnt say 11. I wonder why Jenny _ us recently. We sho
39、uld have heard from her by now. A. hasnt written B. doesnt write C. wont write D. hadnt written 12. My uncle _ until he was forty five. A. married B. didnt marry C. was not marrying D. would marry 13. When will you come to see me, Dad ? I will go to see you when you _ the training course. A. will ha
40、ve finished B. will finish C. are finishing D. finish 14. How long _ at this job ? Since 1990. w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c 。o。m w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c 。o。m w。w。w.k。s。5。 u.c。o。m w。w。w.k 。s。5。u.c 。o。mA. were you cmployed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed 15. With the rapid growth
41、 of population, the city _ in all directions in the past five years. A. spreads B. has spread C. spread D. had spread 16. The silence of the library _ only by the sound of pages being turned over. A. has been broken B. breaks C. broke D. was broken 17. All morning as she waited for the medical repor
42、t from the doctor, her nervousness _. A. has grown B. is growing C. grew D. had grown 18. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge ? It will _ fresh for several days. A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed 19. Sorry, Joe, I didnt mean to w。w。w.k。s。5。u.c。o。m Dont call me “Joe”. Im Mr Parker
43、 to you, and _ you forget it !A. do B. didnt C. did D. dont 高一英语第一单元 积累重复 训练提高 1120. At this time tomorrow _ over the Atlantic. A. were going to fly B. well be flying C. well fly D. were to fly 21. The news came as no surprise to me. I _ for some time that the factory was going to shut down. A. had
44、known B. knew C. have known D. know 22. I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he _ it. A. doesnt mention B. hadnt mentioned C. didnt mention D. hasnt mentioned 23. No one in the department but Tom and I _ that the director is going to resign. A. knows B. know C. have known D
45、. am to know 24. Although he has lived with us for years, he _ us much impression. A. hadnt left B. didnt leave C. doesnt leave D. hasnt left 25. how can you possibly miss the news ? It _ on TV all day long. A. has been B. bad been C. was D. will be 26. Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. W
46、here was I ? You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A. had said B. said C. were saying D. had been saying 27. I arrived late; I _ the road to be so iey. A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting 28. I _ while reading the English textbook. Luckily, my roommate woke me
47、up in time !A. had fallen asleep B. have fallen asleep C. fell asleep D. fall asleep 29. Lets keep to the point or we _ any decisions. A. will never reach B. have never reached C. never reach D. never reached30. My mind wasnt on what he was saying, so Im afraid I _ half of it. A. was missing B. had missed C. will miss D. missed
