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1、 动名词用法1动名词由动词 + ing 构成,否定形式为 not doing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。1)作主语。如:Seeing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. It is no use arguing with him. 注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如:Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火)To play with fire will b

2、e dangerous. (指一具体动作)但在 It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless 等后常用动名词间或用不定式。2)作表语。如:Her job is teaching. 3)作宾语。如:He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. admit,appreciate ,avoid ,consider , delay,dislike,enjoy,escape, excuse,face,feel like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include ,keep,

3、mention ,mind ,miss,practise,put off, resist,risk ,suggest,cant help(情不自禁) ,cant stand(无法忍受)等动词成词组后可以 用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try 等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。Lets go on studying Lesson 6. (让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。 )Lets go on to study Lesson 6. (让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。 )I re

4、member doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习。 )I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事。 )I tried not to go there. (我设法不去那里。 )I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次。 )Stop speaking. (不要讲话。 )He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话。 )I mean to come early today. (我打算今天早些来。 )Missing the train means waiting for another hour. (误了这趟火车意味

5、着再等一个小时。 )在 allow,advise,forbid,permit 等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。如:We dont allow smoking here. We dont allow students to smoke. 动词 need,require,want 作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如:The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to

6、be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语 devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for,be(kept) busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),theres no use/good/need,feel/seem like/get down to 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如:I look forward

7、 to hearing from you soon. 在 love,hate,prefer,like 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。start,begin,continue 在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式。但 start 和 begin 在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语:当主语是物而不是人时;当 start 或 begin 以-ing 形式出现时,当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如:It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began

8、 to understand what he meant. 在 should(would) like/love 等后须用不定式。4)作定语,例如:He has a reading room. 2动名词的复合结构动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。如果动名词的复合结构作宾语,其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时,用普通格。如:His coming made me very happy. Marys crying annoyed him. She didnt mind his/him crying. Is there any hop

9、e of Xiao Wangs winning.?He insists on the plan being carried out. 3动名词的时态和语态动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种,如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词所表示的动作以前发生,用动名词的一般式。如:We are interested in playing chess. His coming will be of great help to us. 如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常用动名词的完成时态。如:Im sorry for not having kept my

10、 promise. 在某些动词或词组后,常用动名词的一般形式,尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的。如:Excuse me for coming late. 主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时,动名词用被动语态。被动语态由“being + 过去分词”或“having been + 过去分词”构成。后一种一般很少使用,以免使句子显得累赘。如:He likes being helped. He was afraid of being left at home. I dont remember having ever been given a chance to do it动名词与动词不定式用法类

11、析 江苏省东台市唐洋镇中学 朱小峰 英语中某些动词后可跟动名词或动词不定式,有时两者意思差别不大,有时却截然不同。现分别例析如下:一、两者意思相似,但稍有差别:1startbegin doing sth (或 to do sth)析:startbegin doing sth与 startbegin to do sth ,两者均表示“开始做某事” ,一般可通用,但指开始一项长期或习惯的活动时,多用 doing 形式,例如:(1)I startedbegan learning(或 to learn)English in 1992我在 1992 年开始学英语。 (2)How old were you

12、 when you first started playing football?你第一次踢足球时多大?2.1ike doing sth(或 to do sth)析:like doing sth与 like to do sth两者均表示“喜欢做某事” ,有时可以通用,但表示一般性或抽象的多次性行为多用doing 形式;表示某一特定场合具体的动作时,多用 to do形式。类似此用法的动词还有 hate(憎恨),love(爱、喜欢),prefer(更喜欢)等,例如:(1)Fox example,Lily likes to dance(或 dancing),but I like to sing(或

13、singing)例如,莉莉喜欢跳舞,但我喜欢唱歌。(2)He likeshates swimming,but he doesnt likehate to swim today.他喜欢/讨厌游泳,但他今天不喜欢/ 讨厌游泳。二、两者意思一样,可以互相替换:1continue doing sth.( 或 to do sth.)析:continue doing 与 continue to do sth. 两者均表示“继续做某事”,通常可以互相替换。例如:(1)He continued asking (to ask ) the same question . 他继续问同样的问题。三、只有 doing

14、sth ,而没有 to do sth. 1find doing sth 和 practice doing sth. 析:find doing sth 表示“发现某人正在做某事” ;practice doing sth 表示“练习做某事” 。类似此用法的动词还有:finish(完成 ),keep (继续) ,mind (介意 ),cant help (情不自禁),look forward to (期望 ),pay attention to (注意),feel like (想要),consider(考虑)等。(1)I find the girl reading a book under the t

15、ree .我发现那个女孩在树下读书。(2) I am considering changing my job . 我正在考虑改变我的工作。(3)We must practice speaking English every day. 我们必须每天练习说英语。四、两者意思截然不同:1stop doing sth 和 stop to do sth析:stop doing sth是“动宾结构” ,表示“停止正在做的事情” ;stop to do sth表示“停下来改做另一件事” ,stop 是不及物动词,不定式是目的状语,例如:(1)Stop talking! Its time for class不

16、要讲话!是该上课的时候了。(2)The woman stopped to have a rest那个女人停下来休息一下。2see sb doing sth与 see sb do sth析:see sbdoing sth表示“看见某人正在做某事” ;see sb do sth(do 是省 to 的动词不定式)表示“经常看见某人做某事或看到某一动作的全过程” 。类似此用法的动词还有 hear(听见),watch(观看),feel(感觉)等,例如:(1) I often saw him play football and yesterday afternoon I saw him playing f

17、ootball我经常看见他踢足球,昨天下午我看到他正在踢足球。(2) I heard the girl singing a song in the room just now .我刚才听见那个女孩在房间唱歌。3 go on doing sth.与 go on to do sth析:go on doing sth表示“继续做一直在做的事” ,同义词组为 go on with sth ;go onto do sth表示 “继续接着做另一件事” ,例如:(1) Please go on doing your homeworkPlease go on with your homework请继续做你的家

18、庭作业。(2)After l finished my homework, I went on to watch TV在我完成作业后,我继续看电视。4remember doing sth与 remember to do sth 析:remember doing sth表示“记得做过某事” ;remember to do sth表示“记住要做某事” 。类似此用法的动词还有forget(忘记),regret(遗憾)等,例如:(1)I rememberforget seeing the film我记得/忘记看过那场电影。(2)Please rememberdont forget to post the

19、 letter请记住/不要忘记去寄那封信。5try doing sth与 try to do sth析:try doing sth表示“试着做某事” ;try to do sth表示“试图(尽力) 做某事” ,例如:(1)Let me try driving a car让我试着开那辆小汽车。(2)I try to finish the work on time我试图按时完成那个工作。6need doing 与 need to do sth析:need doing 表示“需要被做” ,主语一般为物,相当于need to be done;need to dosth表示“需要做某事” ,主语一般为人

20、。类似此用法的动词还有 want(需要)等,例如:(1)My car needs mending。=My car needs to be mended我的小汽车需要修理。(2)We need to study hard我们需要努力学习。以上是我们在学习动名词和动词不定式时所必须掌握的,在平时的英语学习中,要能够正确应用,否则将会出现一些不该犯的错误。动名词与现在分词用法的区别(2011-04-22 16:10:25) 在英语教学过程中,不少学生会混淆动名词与现在分词。在遇到动词的-ing 形式时,他们比较难区分到底什么时候动词的-ing 形式是动名词,什么时候是现在分词。为了区分这两者,首先,

21、我们要从概念上认识它们。动词的-ing 形式在起名词作用时,称为动名词;用作形容词时,称为现在分词。其次,我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing 形式是动名词还是现在分词。一、动词的-ing 形式用作主语时,其为动名词,现在分词不可以用作主语。1动名词用作主语(例句中,斜体部分为主语。 )Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。Growing roses is her ho

22、bby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。2有时 it 作形式主语,把动名词主语放在句子后面Its nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。Its a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。3 “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说

23、。There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。二、动词的-ing 形式用作宾语时,其为动名词,现在分词不可以用作宾语。1有许多动词可接动名词作宾语I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外?He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。I finished reading the book last night. 这书我昨晚看完了。2有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语He has given up play

24、ing football. 他现在不踢足球了。Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。三、当动词的-ing 形式用作状语时,其为现在分词,动名词不可以用作状语。现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看可以用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后,也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view.我们爬到塔顶后,看到了一片壮丽的景象。 (表时间)Living in the country, we had few social

25、engagements.我们住在乡下,交际的机会很少。 (表原因)A person standing at the center of one of the broader craters would be unable to see the crater walls.一个人如站在更广阔的火山口的中间,就会看不到火山口壁。(表条件)Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.尽管他们了解这一切,还是要我赔偿损失。 (表让步)pay for v.偿还 , 赔偿The child fell, striking his head against

26、 the door and cutting it.那孩子跌倒了,头碰在门上碰破了。 (表结果)He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着。 (表方式或伴随情况)四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语,当动词的-ing 为名词时,动词的-ing 为动名词。动词的 -ing 为形容词时,动词的 -ing 为现在分词。1动名词用作表语Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时

27、到达那里。2现在分词用作表语The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作,也可以说,现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质,两者在逻辑上无主谓关系。1动名词作定语,动名词表性质或用途或功能。swimming pool 游泳池 drinking wa

28、ter 饮用水swimming suit 游泳衣 waiting room 候车室sleeping bag 睡袋 parking lot 停车场sleeping pill 安眠药 parking meter 停车计时writing desk 写字桌 sewing machine 缝纫机writing paper 信纸 operating table 手术室diving suit 潜水衣 reading room 阅览室diving board 跳板 threshing ground 打谷场washing machine 洗衣机 boxing competition 拳击比赛washing po

29、wder 洗衣粉 speaking contest 演讲比赛drawing board 绘图板 checking account 活期账户drawing pin 图钉 banking system 银行系统fishing pole 钓鱼杆 fishing line 钓鱼线2现在分词作定语dwindling profits 日益减少的利润 a booming town 日渐繁荣的城镇growing doubts 越来越大的怀疑 increasing demand 日益增长的需求 the demand is increasingthe existing condition 现有条件diminish

30、ing returns 日益减少的效益the remaining days 剩下的岁月 the prevailing fashion 盛行的时装a shining example 光辉的榜样 lasting peace 持久的和平a falling star 流星 the leading newspapers 主要报纸developing countries 发展中国家 the ruling class 统治阶级living things 有生命的东西 the ageing population 日益老化的人口the rising generation 在成长的一代 a resounding

31、victory 辉煌的胜利六、动名词与现在分词都可以用作补语,但现在分词用作宾语补语时,与前面的宾语构成复合宾语。 (可以不了解)具有这种复合宾语的动词多为表示感觉的动词,如:smell, observe, watch, notice, look at, listen to 等。另外,有些使役动词如 have, set, get, catch, keep, leave 等可以后面接含有现在分词的复合宾语。还有,作为宾语补语的现在分词有时前面可有 as,前面的动词多用 regard, consider, describe, quote, picture, see, think of 等。现在分词

32、用作主语补语,多用在被动结构中,与主语构成复合主语。而动名词作补语对相应的动词却没这些规定。1动名词用作补语I call this robbing Peter to pay Paul. 我管这 叫做拆东墙补西墙。(robbing 是宾语补语)This is called turning things upside down. 这叫做把事物颠倒了。(turning 是主语补语)upside downQpsaId5daJnadv.颠倒, 混乱2现在分词用作补语We found him waiting to receive us. 我们发现他等着欢迎我们。We kept the fire burning all the time. 我们使火一直燃烧着。all the time adv.始终They described the young man as having initiative and drive.他们说这青年积极肯干。He was seen going upstairs. 有人看见他上楼。以上,我们从动词的-ing 形式在句子成分中所起的作用:作主语、作宾语、作状语、作表语、作定语、作补语,区分动名词与现在分词。希望此分析对英语学习者有一定的帮助。

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