1、定语从句（II）关系副词： when, where, why 引导的定语从句（一）关系副词 where 引导的定语从句。where 引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示地点的名词。例：China is the only country Wild pandas can be found in China.This is the house _ I lived two years ago. 注意：1. 关系副词 where 引导的定语从句可以转换为“介词+which”引导的定语从句。例： The hotel where we stayed wasnt clean.The hotel at which
2、we stayed wasnt clean. The house where LuXun once lived is being repaired now. =The house _ LuXun once lived is being repaired now.2. 若定语从句的先行词是地点，但定语从句缺主语或宾语 ，用 which 或 that 引导定语从句，而不用 where 来引导。 例： The library where I studied in the morning is very beautiful.The library that/ which you visited yes
3、terday was built in 1990. 3. 如果定语从句分别修饰 point, situation, stage, condition 和 case 等表示抽象意义的词，常用 where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中 ”。 例： Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 【典型例题】1. Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently. A. that B. when C. which D. where 2
4、. Life is like a long race _we compete with others to go beyond ourselves. A. why B. what C. that D. where3. I have reached a point in my life _ I am supposed to make decisions of my own. A. which B. where C. how D. why 4. They will fly to Washington, _ they plan to stay for two or three days.A. whe
5、re B. there C. which D. when （二）关系副词 when 引导的定语从句when 引导的定语从句其 先行词往往是表示时间的名词。例：The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.注意：1. 关系副词 when 引导的定语从句也可以转换为“介词+which” 引导的定语从句。例：I still remember the time when (during which ) I lived in the countryside. 2. 若定语从句的先行词是时间，
6、但定语从句缺主语或宾语， 则用 which 或 that引导定语从句。例：Ill never forget the time that / which I spent on campus. 【典型例题】1. Because of the financial crisis, days are gone _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for one night. A. if B. when C. which D. since2. We went through a period _ communications were very difficu
7、lt in the rural areas. A. which B. whose C. in which D. with which 3. Ill never forget the time_ was spent with you.（三）关系副词 why 引导的定语从句。why 引导的定语从句其先行词往往是表示原因的名词 ，如：reason，excuse ，explanation 等。例：The reason why he didnt come to the party is that he didnt want to see Jane.We cant accept the excuse wh
8、y you were absent. This is the explanation why they put off the meeting.注意：1. 关系副词 why 引导的定语从句可以转换为“for +which ”引导的定语从句。例：This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didnt come here.2. 若定语从句的先行词是 reason，但定语从句缺主语或宾语，则用 which 或that 引导定语从句。例：The reason that/ which she gave was not true.【典型例题】1. The reason
9、 _ he didnt come was that he was ill.2. The reason _ he explained is not true. （四）判断关系代词与关系副词。 方法：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、宾、定、状） ，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。 1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on
10、which D. the one2. This is the mountain village _ I visited last year.3. This is the mountain village _ I stayed last year.4. This is the mountain village _ I stayed in last year.归纳：关系词的选择依据先行词在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主、宾语时，选择关系代词 ；先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词 ( where 地点状语，when 时间状语， why 原因状语 ) 。（五）以 the way 为先行词的限
11、制性定语从句，如果先行词 way 在定语从句中做状语，通常以 in which 或 that 或不填引导，例如 ; 1) I dont like the way _that/ in which/ _ you laugh at her. 即学即用：1) Yesterday my physics teacher set such a difficult exam problem _ none of us worked out. A. that B. as C. so that D. which2) Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old
12、 friends.A. which B. that C. whom D. them3). This is the factory _ we visited last year. 4). This is the factory _ we work.5). I shall never forget the days _ we spent together in that beautiful village6). I shall never forget the days _ we were little children.7). I dont believe the reason_ he was
13、late.8). I dont believe the reason_ he gave his teacher.9). I dont like the way_ you speak with your mother.A. why B. that C. which D. what定语从句（III）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的六点区别区别一：形式不同限定性定语从句主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开，口语中使用时也不停顿；而非限定性定语从句与主句之间通常有逗号隔开，口语中使用时有停顿。Our English teacher is her sister who studied in America.Ou
14、r English teacher is her sister, who studied in America.区别二：功能不同限定性定语从句用于对先行词的意义进行修饰、限制和识别，如果去掉，就会造成句意不完整或概念不清；而非限定性定语从句用于对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省略，句意仍然清楚、完整。如：People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人活得长些。( 若把从句去掉句子就失去意义)His daughter, who is in Boston now, is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下
15、星期回来。(若把从句去句子意义仍然完整 )区别三：翻译不同在翻译定语从句时，一般把限定性定语从句翻译在它所修饰的先行词之前，而把非限定性定语从句与主句分开。如：He is the man whose car was stolen. 他就是汽车被窃的那个人。Ive invited Jim, who lives in the next flat. 我邀请了吉姆，他就住在隔壁。区别四：含义不同比较下面的两个句子：I have a sister who is a doctor. 我有一个医生的姐姐。(姐姐不止一个 )I have a sister, who is a doctor. 我有一个姐姐，她是
16、当医生的。(只有一个姐姐)区别五：先行词不同限定性定语从句: 先行词只能是名词或代词非限定性定语从句: 先行词则可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子如：He has a good teacher who is from America. (which 指代 a good teacher)He has a good teacher, who is from America. (which 指代 a good teacher)Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous. 彼得开车很快，这是很危险的。(which 指 drive too fast)He cha
17、nged his mind, which made me very angry. 他改变了主意，这使我很生气。(which 指整个主句)区别六：关系词不同关系词 that，不用于非限制性定语从句；why 在非限制性定语从句中用 for which 代替。另外，在限制性定语从句中，关系词有时可以省略，而在非限制性定语从句中关系词一律不省略。1. She heard a terrible noise, _ frightened her. A. that B. which C. what D. who 2. She heard a terrible noise _ frightened her. A
18、. that B. / C. what D. who 3. I had told them the reason, _ I didnt attend the meeting. A. for which B. at which C. for whom D. why 4. I had told them the reason _ I didnt attend the meeting. A. when B. which C. why D. for that 定语从句（IV）as 引导定语从句的用法1、as 引导限制性定语从句时，常与 such 或 the same 连用，构成 the sameas;
19、 suchas, as/so.as 结构，as 用于代替指人或物的先行词 。例如：I have never eaten such tasty foods as she cooked me.I have got into the same trouble as he (has).You can stay here as long as you like.Things do not go on as smoothly as we hoped.试比较 the sameas 和 the samethat：This is the same book as I read last week.（这和我上周读
20、的那本书是一样的。）This is the same book that I read last year. （这就是我上周读的那本书。 ）2、引导非限制性定语从句与 which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别1) 关系代词 as 引导非限制性定语从句时，用于代替整个主句，意思是“ 正如”， which 没有“正如之意 ”2) as 从句位置较之 which 引导的非限制性定语从句更加灵活，因而 as 从句可以放在主句_,_还可以放在_，which 一般在主句后。例如： As you have hoped, the test is cancelled.The test, as you have h
21、oped, is cancelled.The test is cancelled, as you have hoped.He studies hard, which led him to success.He failed to pass the exam again, as is predicted.He failed to pass the exam again, which annoyed his mother greatly.记住以下的 as 结构：as is known to all (众所周知)，as is often the case (情况常常如此)，as is reporte
22、d (正如所报道的) ， as often happens (这种情况常常发生) ，as has been said before (如前所述)，as is mentioned (正如已经指出的)，as will be shown in ( 将在中指出)，as is hoped ( 正如所希望的)即学即用：判断下列句子的正误1. As is often the case, he is absent.2. Which is often the case, he is absent.3. He saw the girl, as he had hoped.4. He saw the girl, Wh
23、ich he had hoped.Homework：一单项选择 【2012 全国卷 II】 That evening, _ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late. A. that B. which C. what D. when【2012 安徽】29. A lot of language learning, has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their chi
24、ldren during that period. A. as B. it C. which D. this【2012 重庆】29. Sales director is a position _communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A. which B. that C. when D. where【2012 福建】23. The air quality in the city, _ is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months. A.
25、that B. it C. as D. what【2012 陕西】14. It is the third time that she has won the race, _ has surprised us all.A. that B. where C. which D. what【2012 山东】23. Maria has written two novels, both of _ have been made into television series.A. them B. that C. which D. what【2012 湖南】34. Care of the soul is a g
26、radual process _ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which【2012 天津】7. I wish to thank Professor Smith, without _ help I would never have got this far. A. who B. whose C. whom D. which【2012 江西】28. By 16:30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the p
27、aintings had been sold.A. which B. when C. what D. that【2012 四川】13. In our class there are 46 students, _ half wear glasses.A. in whom B. in them C. of whom D. of them【2012 浙江】9. We live in an age _ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A. why B. when C. to whom D. on whi
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