1、 南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 1 页 共 22 页第一讲 名词、代词名 词概念：表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。一、名词单复数变化规则1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”：a一般情况下，直接加 -s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ；读音：清辅音后读 s， 浊辅音和元音后读z。b以 s. x. sh. ch 结尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ； c以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es，如： family-famil
2、ies, strawberry-strawberries ； d以“f 或 fe”结尾，变 f 或 fe 为 v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives ，thief-thieves ； e以“o”结尾的词，分两种情况1）有生命的+es 如：mango-mangoes tomato-tomatoes hero-heroes2) 无生命的 +s 如：photo-photos radio-radiosf. 不规则名词复数： man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, snowman-snowmen, m
3、ouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 2、不可数名词没有复数：强调：不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用 is 或者 was；如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量，就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量词+of”。例如：a glass of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice二、名词所有格的构成法1. 主要是在词尾加 s 构成。如 :This is Toms desk .
4、 这是汤姆的书桌。That is Mikes book. 那是迈克的书。2. 如果原名词已经有复数词尾 s ,则仅加一个 。如:the teachers reading room 教师阅览室the pupils pencil-boxes 学生们的文具盒3. 如果原词是复数形式，但不是以 s 结尾， 变为所有格形式需在后面加上 s 。如：the childrens palace 少年宫 mens room 男厕所南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 2 页 共 22 页名词专项练习题一、写出下列名词的复数形式puter _ 2.apple _ 3.city _4.house _ 5.sheep _ 6.w
5、atch _7.tomato _8.child _ 9.tooth _10.foot _ 11.wife _12.potato _13.play _ 14.day _ 15.glass _16.radio _ 17.zoo _ 18. life _19. story _ 20.leaf _ 21. baby _22.dress _ 23.butterfly _24. deer _25.class _ 26.brush _ 27.key _28. English _29.mouse _30. man _二、汉译英1Tom 的足球 _ 2. 老师们的自行车_3学生们的课桌 _ 4.哥哥的文具盒_5
6、姑姑的卡片 _ 6.猴子们的香蕉_7蚂蚁们的早餐 _ 8.妈妈的包_9姐姐的连衣裙_ 10 女孩们的苹果_三、将下列句子变成复数形式。1This dog is brown._2. There is a book and a pen on the table._3.That woman is a teacher._4. Is there an orange over there?_5. The bag was on the desk南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 3 页 共 22 页代词一、人称代词1人称代词即表示“你、我、他、你们、我们、他们”等的词，它的人称、数和格的变化 数 人称 主格 宾格第
7、一人称 I me第二人称 you you单数第三人称 hesheithimherit第一人称 We us第二人称 you you复数第三人称 they them主格与宾格：人称代词有主格和宾格两种形式。主格主要用来做句子的主语；宾格主要用作宾语。人称代词主格用在句首作主语。She is sitting in a bus.她正坐在公共汽车上。人称代词宾格在动词后作宾语。This pen is bad.I cant write with it.这支钢笔不好，我没法用它写字。2.人称代词的排列顺序人称代词并列使用时，通常以下列顺序出现，请熟悉并记忆。1） 单数代词：you and I; you an
8、d he ; he and I ; you ,he and I2） 复数代词：we and they ; we and you ; you and they; we, you and they3） 第三人称单数代词：he and she*人称代词排序口诀：人称代词并列观，注意顺序礼貌见；单数人称二、三、一，复数人称一、二、三；麻烦事情“我”站前，其他人称没意见；两性并用为三单，男先女后是习惯。二、物主代词物主代词是表示所有关系的代词，分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称类别 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数形容词性 my our your your his
9、,her,its their名词性 mine our yours yours his,hers,its theirs南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 4 页 共 22 页名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 例，Whose coat is this? 这是谁的上衣?Its hers. 是她的。 hers= her coat*关于物主代词的口诀：物主代词很重要，译成汉语都有“的” ，后面必须加上物，否则就要犯错误，my your his her its our their 不放过。形容词性是基础，除了我的 “mine”外，其他词尾“s”性形物代能力差，出门常把名词加；名物代能力强，常来独去又
10、独往。三、反身代词反身代词也叫“自身代词” ，表示“*自己” 。数 人称 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称单数 myself yourself himself, herself复数 ourselves yourselves themselvesI can do it by myself. 我自己能做这件事。*反身代词的构成规律记忆口诀：反身代词有规律，第三人称宾格加，其余开头用物主，复数-ves 替-f四、指示代词this (这个)- these (这些) 指近处的事物that (那个)- these (那些) 指远处的事物例，This is a book. 这是本书。 These are som
11、e books. 这些是书。That is a car. 那是辆小汽车。 Those are some cars. 那些是小汽车。南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 5 页 共 22 页代词专项练习一、 根据题意，用所给词的适当形式填空。1. Mary is a friend of _. ( I )2. This is _ ( she ) ruler. _ ( He ) is in the bag. 3. Her brother is too young to look after _ ( he )4. These pens are _ ( we ).5. That is not _ kite. Th
12、at kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )6. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 7. Is this _ watch? ( you ) No, its not _ . ( I ) 8. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )9. _ dresses are red. ( we ) What colour are _? ( you ) 10. I have a beautiful cat. _name is M
13、imi. These cakes are _. ( it ) 11. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 12. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we ) 13. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _is a nurse. ( she ) 14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they ) 15. Dont touc
14、h _. _is not a cat, _ is a tiger! ( it )16. _ sister is ill. Please go and see _. ( she ) 17. The girl behind _ is our friend. ( she )二、填写下列表格。人称代词 我 我们 你 你们 他 她 它 他们主 格宾 格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词四、改错。1.This is mine lamp.2.These are ours books.3. That are their teacher.4.The house is my brother. 5. He ha
15、s visited many country.6. They are Chineses. 7. This is Tom red bike.8. I, you and he are all teachers.9. This is mine teddy bear. 10. These are ours bags.南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 6 页 共 22 页第二讲 动词1、be 动词（ am, is, are, was, were ）1）amwas, is was, are-were 口诀：我用 am, 你用 are, is 用在他她它，所有复数全用 are。2）be 动词的否定形式：am no
16、t（没有缩写形式） ，are not = arent ，is not = isnt 。2、助动词（ do, does, did ）do, does 用于一般现在时，其过去式 did 用于一般过去时。它们通常用在疑问句和否定句中。它们的否定形式：do not = dont, does not = doesnt, did not = didnt。注意：在一般现在时中，does 用于第三人称单数，其余一律用助动词 do；助动词 do, does, did 后面一定要用动词原形。3、情态动词情态动词可以和实义动词同时出现在同一个句子中。我们现在学过的情态动词有：can 、could、shall、sho
17、uld、will、would、may、might 、must。注意：情态动词后动词总是用原形。 （不受其他任何条件影响）其否定形式：can not = cant, must not = mustnt, 注意：may not 和 shall not（无缩写形式）4、实义动词实义动词的四种形式：原形、第三人称单数+s/es、现在分词（也叫动名词）+ing、过去式+ed。1）动词第三人称单数变化规则：A、一般直接加“s”，如：play plays, visit visits, speak speaks ；B、以 “s”， “x”， “sh”， “ch”结尾时，加 “es”，如：catch catch
18、es, watch watches ；C、以 “辅音字母+y”结尾时，变 “y”为“i” 再加“es” ，如： carry carries, study studies 。2）现在分词（动名词）构成规则：A、一般直接加“ing”，如： go going, do doing, look looking ；B、以不发音的“e”结尾的单词，去“e” 加“ing”，如：take taking, make making, have having ；C、以重读闭音节结尾的词，如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需要双写这个字母再加“ing”，如：南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 7 页 共 22 页put putting,
19、 stop stopping, get getting, swim swimming, sit sitting, begin beginning。3）过去式构成规则：A、一般直接加“ed” ，如： plant planted, visit visited, pick picked ；B、以不发音字母“e”结尾，直接加“ed”，如：like liked, hope hoped, taste tasted ；C、以 “辅音字母+y”结尾时，变 “y”为“i” 再加“ed”，如： try tried, carry carried, study studied ；D、有些动词要双写最后一个字母，再加“
20、ed”，如： stop stopped ；E、还有很多动词的过去式是不规则的，请记忆：成为-become-became-becoming；开始-begin-began-beginning；吹-blow-blew-blowing； 买-buy-bought-buying；能-can-could；捕捉-catch-caught-catching ；选择-choose-chose-choosing；来-come-came-coming；切-cut-cut-cutting；画-draw-drew-drawing； 饮-drink-drank-drinking；吃-eat-ate-eating； 感觉-
21、feel-felt-feeling；发现-find-found-finding；飞-fly-flew-flying；忘记-forget-forgot-forgetting；得到-get-got-getting；给-give-gave-giving；走-go-went-going；成长-grow-grew-growing；有-have, has-had-having；听-hear-heard-hearing；受伤-hurt-hurt-hurting；保持-keep-kept-keeping；知道-know-knew-knowing；学习-learn-learned, learnt-learnin
22、g ；允许，让-let-let-letting；躺-lie-lay-lying ；制造-make-made-making；可以-may-might；意味-mean-meant-meaning ；会见 -meet-met-meeting；必须-must-must；放置-put-put-putting；读-read-read-reading；骑、乘-ride-rode-riding；响、鸣-ring-rang-ringing；跑-run-ran-running；说-say-said-saying；看见-see-saw-seeing；将-shall-should；唱歌-sing-sang-singi
23、ng；坐下-sit-sat-sitting；睡觉-sleep-slept-sleeping；南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 8 页 共 22 页说-speak-spoke-speaking； 度过-spend-spent-spending动词专项练习1、 用 be 动词的适当形式填空1）I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2）The girl_ Jacks sister. 3）The dog _ tall and fat. 4）The man with big eyes _ a teacher.5）_ your brother in the classroom
24、? 6）How _ your father? 7）Mike and Liu Tao _ at school. 8）Whose dress _ this? 9）Whose socks _ they? 10）Who _ I? 11）The jeans _ on the desk. 12）Here _ a scarf for you. 13）Here _ some sweaters for you. 14）The black gloves _ for Su Yang. 15）This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 16）The two cups of milk _
25、for me. 17）Some tea _ in the glass. 18）Gao shans shirt _ over there. 19）My sisters name _Nancy.20）_ David and Helen from England? 21）There _ a girl in the room. 22）There _ some apples on the tree. 23）_ there any apple juice in the bottle? 24）There _ some bread on the plate. 25）You, he and I _ from C
26、hina.26）There _ a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 2、用适当的助动词填空。1) _you like this magazine? 2) The girl_like bread for breakfast.3) -What _ she _ at the weekends? -She usually plays games with her friends.4) -Wha_ you do last Sunday? -I wrote to my friend.5) -Did you see a Beijing
27、 opera? -No, I _.6) He _not visit a farm last National Day holiday. 7) They_ not like playing volleyball.南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 9 页 共 22 页8) - _Jim have a picnic with his family every Saturday? -Yes, he .9) _Helen and Yang Ling go to school on foot every day?10) -How many kites _we have? -We have ten.3、写出下列动
28、词的第三人称单数。drinkgostay make look havepasscarry come watchplant flystudy brush do teachtake see4、写出下列动词的现在分词。put give flyget dance sitrun plant takeswim askstoptakewritehavesmoke think wanttell5、写出下列动词的过去式。isam fly plant南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 10 页 共 22 页are drink play go make doesdance worry asktasteeatdraw put
29、 throw kickpass do 4、用动词的适当形式填空。（1）I _to school from Monday to Friday. My brother often _to school with me. Yesterday we _to school together. We like _to school very much. ( go )（2）They usually _lunch at home. But last week, they _lunch at school. ( have )（3）That_my English book. It _new. But now it
30、 _not here. It _there a moment ago. ( be )（4）My sister likes _very much. She often _at our school festival. Last term, she _a lot of songs in the school hall. She _beautifully. ( sing )（5）What _ he usually _on Sunday? He usually _his homework. Look! He _his homework now. _he _his homework last Sunda
31、y? Yes, he_. ( do )（6）Do people usually_ moon cakes at Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, they do. Did you _moon cakes last Mid-autumn Festival? Yes, I did. I _a lot of delicious moon cakes. ( eat )5、用所给动词的适当形式填空。南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 11 页 共 22 页1) People would like_( go ) to farms in the countryside.2) Its time _ (
32、 have ) lunch3) I want _ ( buy ) some presents for my friends. 4) The thief began _ ( run ). 5) Please shouw me how_ ( go ) to the shopping centre. 6) Would you like _ ( join ) us? 7) Dont forget_ ( write ) “Happy New Year”. 8) She was very glad_ ( see ) them.9) Please remember_ ( close ) the window
33、s before you go home.10) Im sorry_ ( hear ) that. 11) _( swim ) is not as fast as running. 12) Its sunny today. Lets go _ ( fish ).13) Do you like_ ( read ) English in the morning? 14) Are you good at _ ( dance )?15) Where is the _ ( shop ) centre? 16) Would you like to go _ ( jog ) with me?17) My h
34、obby is _ ( play ) football. 18) Su Hai likes _ ( watch ) cartoons on Sundays.6、选择扩号内动词的适当形式填空。1) Im sorry _ ( hearing, to hear ) that. 2) Jim is good at_ ( swimming, to swim ).3) Shall we go_ ( skating, to skate )? 4) Today, my work is _ ( looking, to look ) after the baby.5) Im going _ ( flying, t
35、o fly ) a kite in the playground.6) I like _ ( playing, to play ) basketball after school.7) Would you like_ ( going, to go ) to the Great Wall?8) Jim is asking Liu Tao how _ ( getting, to get ) to the History Museum.第三讲 一般现在时、现在进行时、过去式、一般将来时南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 12 页 共 22 页1、一般现在时1）当谓语是 be 动词时，构成为：主语 +be 动
36、词( am, is, are )+其他。如：I am a student.2）当谓语是实义动词时，构成有两种：a. 主语（非第三人称单数）+ 动词原形+其他。如：We often watch TV at the weekends.b. 主语（第三人称单数）+动词第三人称单数形式+其他。如：Jim usually goes to the park on Sundays.3) 句型变换：2、 现在进行时A、构成形式：主语+be 动词 +动词的 ing 形式+其他。B、判断依据：句中往往有 now、look、listen 等词。注意：千万不要忘了一定得有 be 动词。C、句型变换：肯定句 否定句 一
37、般疑问句及回答They watch TV at six everyday.They dont watch TV at six everyday.-Do they watch TV at six everyday. -Yes, they do. / No, they dont.She watches TV at six everyday.She doesnt watch TV at six everyday.-Does she watch TV at six everyday.-Yes, she does. / No, she doesnt.肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答Look, he is
38、 doing his homework now.Look, he isnt doing his homework now.-Is he doing his home work now?-Yes, he is./ No, he isnt.The girls are singing a song at the momentThe girl arent singing a song at the moment.-Are the girls singing a song?-Yes, they are./ No, they arent.南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 13 页 共 22 页3、一般过去时1)
39、 构成形式：主语+动词的过去式+ 其他。注意：没有 be 动词的否定句和疑问句中，用 didnt 否定和用 did 提问后，动词一定要用原形。2) 判断依据：（1）be 动词是 was、were ；（2）动词加 ed；（3）有表示过去的时间状语，现在学过的常用的表示过去的时间状语有：just now，a moment，yesterday，last week，last night，last weekend，last year，last month，three days ago，two weeks ago，five years ago3) 句型变换：3、 一般将来时1) 构成形式：a. 主语+be
40、 going to+动词原形+ 其他。b. 主语+will+动词原形+其他。2) 判断依据：一个句子中既有 be 动词，又有 going、to 和动词，且动词用的是原形，句中往往有 tomorrow、soon 、next week 等词。3) 句型变换：肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答I was a teacher five years ago.I wasnt a teacher five years ago.-Were you a teacher five years ago?-Yes, I was. / No, I wasnt.They played many games yesterda
41、y.They didnt play many games yesterday.Did they play many games yesterday?Yes, they did. / No, they didnt.肯定句 否定句 一般疑问句及回答She is going to have a picnic tomorrow.She isnt going to have a picnic tomorrow.-Is she going to have a picnic tomorrow?-Yes, she is. / No, she isnt.They are going to visit their
42、 grandparents next Sunday.They arent going to visit their grandparents next Sunday.-Are they going to visit their grand parents next Sunday? -Yes, they are. / No, they arent.南京旭冉教育 六年级英语第 14 页 共 22 页时态专项练习1、根据中文，完成句子，每空一词。1）我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I _ _ _ have a picnic with my friends. I _ have a picnic with my friends. 2）下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。 -What _ _ _ _ _next Monday? -I _ _ _ play basketball. -What _ you do next Monday? -I _ play basketball.
