1、6年模拟【2007-2012】英语汇编：阅读理解之科普知识类2012年模拟题【湖北省八校2012届高三第一次联考】Squirrels often communicate with whistles, chirps and chucks, which sound like the word “chuck” Whistles and chirps are like the sounds that many birds makeNow scientists have translated some of their squirrel-speakHare, a professor of zoology
2、 at the University of Maniloha in Winnipeg, and his team managed to record squirrels alarm callsThe researchers studied the sounds and then played them back to 60 wild squirrels, which the scientists approached individually with a video recorder to capture(抓拍）their reponses Some squirrels lifted the
3、ir heads up and becameAlert(警惕的） Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves“In effect then, whistles that mix with chucks say theres an enemy of average threat thats here, and whistles without chucks say theres an enemy of seemingly average threat around here
4、 somewhere, while pure chirps say, Im hiding here because theres an immediate danger “ Hare toldDiscovery NewsHare and some other researchers believe such sounds arc part of an advanced language that develops just as all other communication systemsAlthough squirrels risk their lives when they call o
5、ut to warn others of threats, other squirrels might admire this behaviour, thus increasingly the callers social status, like humans who look up to heroes. Hare added that other animals, such as birds, probably understand at least some squirrel language, since they also may benefit from the alarm cal
6、ls.In fact, another Canadian study found that deep-voiced, black-capped chickadees have their own language tooAccording to certain research, there are a lot of tidings in chickadees calls, such as directing fellows activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarmsWhile chickadees and
7、other birds are often welcomed into gardens by homeowners, squirrels are frequently viewed as pests(害兽）. Hare wishes a greater understanding of the complex social lives and communication systems of squirrels will provide “hope that humans will gain a greater appreciation and stop doing harm to these
8、 animals”.1The text mainly talks about Athe study on the language of squirrelsBthe comparison between squirrels and chickadeesCthe calling for the protection of squirrelsDthe ways for squirrels to escape from their enemies2If a squirrel is in a very dangerous situation, it would probably make _Awhis
9、tles with chucks Bpure chirpsCwhistles without chucks Drepeated chucks3The underlined word “tidings” in pardgmph 6 probably means _Adifficulties Bpoises Cmessages Dlanguages4What can be learned from this text?ASquirrels communicate with cach other as humans do.BSome squirrels understand the recorded
10、 alarm calls.COther animals also well understand the language of squirrelsDBirds such as chickadees dont have their own language1.A 主旨大意题。纵观全文可以看出，文章向我们讲述了 Hare 以及他带领的团队对松鼠们所使用的语言的研究。2.B 细节理解题。由文章中的“while pure chirps say, Im hiding here because theres an immediate danger”可以看出，B 项正确。3.C 词义推测题。下文 such
11、 as 后里列举的“directing fellows activities, keeping in contact between mates, and raising alarms”都是是不同的信息，由此可以看出，该词和 message 同义。4.B 推理判断题。从文章的第二段中“Some squirrels lifted their heads up and becameAlert(警惕的） Creatures that were more frightened simply ran for their lives and dived into caves ”可以看出，松鼠们对于“the
12、 recorded alarm calls”反应很忙敏感，也就是说他们能理解。【2012三明联考】Its true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. Theres also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing.
13、For instance, a 2010 summary about the climate science by the Royal Society noted that: “The global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activity.”You may not believe that humans could change the planets climate, but the basic science is well understood. Each year, bill
14、ions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activity. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible(看不见的) blanket.Of course, the earths climate has always been changing due to “natur
15、al” factors such as volcanic eruption（熔化） or changes in solar, or cycles concerning the Earths going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere not the w
16、arming we would expect from other possible causes.Even if scientists did discover another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it: “If some newly discovered factor is to blame for the climate change, then why are
17、nt carbon dioxide and the other greenhouse gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be?”The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths one with human influence and one without
18、. That obviously isnt possible, and so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty. 1. In most scientists opinion, the global warming is mainly caused by _.A. solar activityB. volcanic activityC. natural factorsD. human factors2. The text is developed by _.A. gi
19、ving typical examplesB. following the order of spaceC. analyzing a theory and arguing itD. comparing and finding differences3. The underline word “identical” in the last paragraph probably means _.A. totally differentB. exactly the sameC. extremely importantD. partly independent4. Which of the follo
20、wing can be the best title?A. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific?B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to?C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming?D. Whats Relation of Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases?【答案与解析】这是一篇关于全球气候变暖的文章。文章分析了导致全球变暖的各种原因，并指出人类活动因素是导致气候变暖的主要原因。1.D 考查事实细节。根据第一段第二句“h
21、eres also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming”(这儿也有强有力的证据表明人类为全球气候变暖做出了“贡献”)可知人类因素是导致气候变暖的主要原因。 human factors(人类因素).。2.C 考查综合理解。纵观全文，第一段提出人类活动因素是导致全球气候变暖的主要原因。接下来分析讨论为什么说人类活动可以导致气候变暖。文章就是按这种方式叙述的。analyzing a theory and arguing it(分析理论并进行辩论)符合本文描述方式。3.B 考查词义猜测。根据最后一段句意，要用两个同样的
22、地球做实验(一个有人类影响，另一个没有)来证明人类的确应该为全球气候变暖承担责任。exactly the same(极端相似)符合该词词义。4.C 标题判断题。文章开始提出人类活动因素导致了全球气候变暖，然后分析讨论为什么人类活动能够导致全球气候变暖。文章通篇都贯穿人类的活动。Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming？(的确是人类导致全球气候变暖吗)符合该文章标题。【2012顺义素质展示】The brown widow spider became established in Southern California in early 2000 a
23、nd has become part of the local spider family in urban Los Angeles and San Diego. The brown widow spider is continuing its expansion in Southern California and could possibly move northward into Central California.The brown widow is suspected to have evolved in Africa although it was first described
24、 from South America, which adds confusion as to where it might have originated. It is a tropical and subtropical spider having established populations in Hawaii, Florida, parts of Australia, South Africa and Japan. In North America, the brown widow was restricted for many decades to the Florida peni
25、nsula. However, around the year 2000, it started showing up in other Gulf Coast states. Brown widows are now known from Texas to Georgia and South Carolina. The brown widow builds its web in protected sites around homes and in woody vegetation with branches. Some typical sites selected by brown wido
26、ws for web building are empty containers such as buckets and nursery pots, mail boxes, entry way corners, under eaves, storage closets and garages, undercarriages of motor vehicles that are stationary for long periods, and the undersides of outdoor furniture. They choose places that are more exposed
27、 than sites chosen by black widows and therefore, appear to be at higher risk for interactions with humans as far as bites are concerned. One recent study demonstrates that the brown widow spider is less poisonous than other widow species. The reason for the weaker effect of brown widow bites on hum
28、ans is possibly because the brown widow does not have much poison as its larger relatives, but it is really a threat to humans as to its poison. The two major symptoms of a brown widow bite were that the bite hurt when it was given and it left a red mark. These two symptoms are not much different fr
29、om the bite of normal household spiders. There is no specific information regarding the control of brown widows by farm chemicals. Most current advice is what is used for controlling spiders in general. Therefore, most commercially available farm chemicals should work on brown widows. Avoiding a mes
30、s of the house and the garage should reduce nest sites for them. Also, one should store garage items in plastic bags where there might be interactions with spiders. These items include rarely worn garments such as gardening clothes and gloves, recreational items like sports equipment (i.e., baseball
31、 gloves) and other items where spiders can crawl up into holes where fingers can be inserted.1. The author wrote this article to _.A. announce the result of a research on spidersB. introduce the ways to get rid of the spidersC. report a new finding of the widow speciesD. warn readers against the bro
32、wn widow2. From the passage we can conclude that _.A. brown widows are spreading northwardB. the brown widow originated from AfricaC. brown widows now can be found in all countriesD. there used to be no brown widows in North America3. The third paragraph is mainly about _.A. the brown widows web bui
33、ldingB. the characteristics of the brown widowC. the habitat preferences of the brown widowD. the brown widows threaten to human beings4. It can be inferred that _.A. brown widows can be killed with any farm chemicalsB. at present people can only control brown widow spidersC. the brown widow has mor
34、e poison than the black widowD. victims bitten by the brown widow neednt see the doctor【答案与解析】 一种褐色的毒蜘蛛正在美国蔓延，其危害不容忽视。更糟糕的是，目前还没有消灭它的方法，只能尽力进行控制和预防。1D 作者意图题。文章从这种蜘蛛的渊源谈起，预测了它的蔓延范围，进而介绍了它的生活习性、危害以及控制方法，所以作者意在警告读者当心这种蜘蛛。2A 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句话可知它们可能会朝北方蔓延。3C 段落大意题。本段指出了这种蜘蛛经常选择的织网的地方，即主要介绍这种蜘蛛的栖息偏好。4B 推理判
35、断题。最后一段提到还没有掌握控制这种蜘蛛应当使用的化学药品的具体信息，目前的建议是采用控制蜘蛛的一般方法，并提供了一些预防措施，由此可推断目前人们只能控制它们。【2012上海春招】Frederic Mishkin, whos been a professor at Columbia Business School for almost 30 years, is good at solving problems and expressing ideas. Whether hes standing in front of a lecture hall or engaged in a casual
36、conversation, his hands are always waving and pointing. When he was in graduate school, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing that he made the young economist sit on his hands whenever he visited the professors office.It turns out, however, that Mishkins professor had it ex
37、actly wrong. Gesture doesnt prevent but promotes clear thought and speech. Research demonstrates that the movements we make with our hands when we talk form a kind of second language, adding information thats absent from our words. Its learnings secret code: Gesture reveals what we know. It reveals
38、what we dont know. Whats more, the agreement (or lack of agreement) between what our voices say and how our hands move offers a clue to our readiness to learn.Manyof the studies establishing the importance of gesture to learning have been conducted by Susan Goldin-Meadow, a professor of psychology a
39、t the University of Chicago. “We change our minds by moving our hands,“ writes Goldin-Meadow in a review of this work. Particularly significant are what she calls “mismatches“ between oral expression and physical gestures. A student might say that a heavier ball falls faster than a light one, for ex
40、ample, but make a gesture indicating that they fall at the same rate, which is correct. Such differences indicate that were moving from one level of understanding to another. The thoughts expressed by hand motions are often our newest and most advanced ideas about the problem were working on; we can
41、t yet absorb these concepts into language, but we can capture them in movement.Goldin-Meadows more recent work strews not only that gesture shows our readiness tolearn, but that it actually helps to bring learning about. It does so in two ways. First, it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others aro
42、und us. Goldin-Meadow has found that adults respond to childrens speech-gesture mismatches by adjusting their way of instruction. Parents and teachers apparently receive the signal that children are ready to learn, and they act on it by offering a greater variety of problem-solving techniques. The a
43、ct of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concepts. A 2007 study by Susan Wagner Cook, an assistant professor of psychology at the University of Iowa, reported that third-graders who were asked to gesture whil
44、e learning algebra (代数) were nearly three times more likely to remember what theyd learned than classmates who did not gesture.1. According to Paragraph 1, Frederic Mishkin was asked to sit on his hands because _A. he could litter express his ideas that wayB. he always pointed his finger at his prof
45、essorC. his professor did not like his gesturingD. his gestures prevented his professor from thinking2. How is gesturing important in acquiring knowledge?A. It draws tasteful responses from others and increases learning speed.B. It promotes second language learning and quickens thinking.C. It provid
46、es significant clues for solving academic problems.D. It reduces students reliance on teachers instruction.3. What can be inferred from the passage about gesture-speech mismatches?A. They can stimulate our creativity.B. Instructors should make full use of them.C. Teachers can hardly explain new conc
47、epts without them.D. They serve as a stepping stone to solving real life problems.4. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hand Motions, a Second Language B. Gesturing: Signal of UnderstandingC. New Uses of Gesturing D. The Secret Code of Learning1.C 考查判断推理。根据 When he was in graduate school
48、, one of his professors was so annoyed by this constant gesturing 中的 annoyed 可知 C 正确。2.A 考查判断推理。根据 it elicits (引出) helpful behavior from others around us.和 he act of gesturing itself also seems to quicken learning, bringing new knowledge into consciousness and aiding the understanding of new concept
49、s.可推知 A 正确。3.B 考查判断推理。根据文章的最后一段可知。4.D 考查文章的标题。根据文章的第二段可知文章的主题是 The Secret Code of Learning。【2012哈师大附中高三期中】 Beijing;(13, July)China sent up a new data relay satellite, Tianlian I -02, on Monday at the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in South-western Sichuan provinceThe new satellite will promote the countrys satellite communication network for space docking (对接)The satellite was launched on a Long-March-SC carrier r
