1、 1 / 161Unit2 Reading 语言点拓展1.test out sth.=put sth. to the test对新试做的物品或新产生的理论进行“试用” 或“检验考验”，检验其试用的程度或有效性，以便加以改进。Scientists test out theories by experiment. 科学家靠实验检验理论。He insists on carrying out the test. 他坚决主张进行这项试验。The test results bear out our claims. 实验结果证实了我们是对的The test was carried out under nor
2、mal conditions. 核试验是在标准状况下进行的。He insists on carrying out the test. 他坚决主张进行这项试验。Scientists test out theories by experiment. 科学家靠实验检验理论。.It gives out the new orientation of well test theory. 指出了试井理论发展的新方向。2. Claire didnt want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three
3、weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldnt harm her or allow her to be harmed.克莱尔不想家里有个机器人,尤其是她丈夫要离家三个星期,可是拉里使她相信了机器人不会伤害她也不会允许她受到任何伤害。especially adv. in particular 尤其、特别地(1)I love the country, especially in summer(2) E in a particular place or have a particular nationality 生活在某地或有某国籍的人们(
4、3)The house will be decorated in a particular way. 这座房子用特定的方法来装饰。(4)The accident happens in a particular manner.事故以一种特定的方式发生。(5)She has a particular interest in painting 她特别爱好绘画。(6)published writings in a particular style on a particular subject. 一个特殊学科下的一种特殊风格的出版了的作品。a word or phrase that particula
5、r people use in particular situations. 特定的人在特定的场合使用的词或者词组。2 / 162辨析:especially 和 speciallyespecially adv.强调尤其、特别地、格外地specially adv. 强调专门地、特意地I bought a present specially for you. 我特地给你买了件礼物。The ring is of especial importance to their marriage. absent 3. absent-adj. 缺席, 不在，不关心的 , 心不在焉的，不存在的 ; 没有1). 缺
6、席的 ,不在场的(+from) Three members of the class were absent this morning.今天早晨该班有三人缺席。He was absent from the meeting. 他今天开会缺席。He is absent from Hong Kong. 他不在香港。2). 缺少的 , 不存在的Snow is absent in his country. 他的国家不下雪。3). 茫茫然的, 心不在焉的He looked at me in an absent way. 他茫然地望着我。He had an absent look on his face.他
7、脸上露出心不在焉的神色vt. 不在;缺席Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?昨天你为何不到校？absent 的反义词是 present 出席的,在场的How many people were present at the meeting?到会的有多少人 ?4.bonus-n.奖金; 额外津贴，红利; 余利; 额外股息，政府给的退职金, 退役费; 美出征奖金 保险等 How much is your bonus? 你奖金有多少？ 1）An incentive bonus for high productivity. 设立剌激性奖金以
8、提高的生产率 2）Bonus payment is linked to productivity. 奖金与生产率挂钩。 3）Our Christmas bonus should be restored. 我们发圣诞节赠金的做法应予恢复。 4）Our Christmas bonus should is restored.我们发圣诞节赠金的做法应予恢复. 5）The workers got a Christmas bonus.工人们得到了一份圣诞节 奖金。 6）The bonus: Its super cheap! 它极其便宜，使你格外受惠。 7）The bonus system should a
9、lso be reinstated. 奖金制度也要恢复。 8）Whats the bonus like at other company? 其他公司的 奖金不知道怎么样？ 3 / 1639）How much of a bonus can I expect? 奖金不晓得能领多少？5.alarm n.警报，惊慌 vt.使警觉，使惊慌give the alarm to发警报给 . take alarm at对.感到吃惊 a fire alarm 火警 a false alarm 虚惊一场1）I dont want to alarm you, but there is a strange man in
10、 your garden.我不想吓唬你, 不过你花园里有个陌生人2）The fire caused much alarm.火灾引起很大的恐慌3）She shrieked in alarm. 她惊恐地尖叫起来。4）Theres no cause for alarm. 不必惊慌。5) Everyone draw back in alarm 每个人都惊慌而后退习惯用语： alarms and excursions 喧闹和忙乱; 紧张和骚乱be alarmed at . 被.吓一跳 be alarmed for . 放心不下, 担心 (.的安全)give the alarm 发警报 be the sa
11、fety of . 放心不下, 担心 (.的安全)raise the alarm 发警报 ring the alarm 敲警钟sound the alarm 发警报; 吹警报号 take (the) alarm at 对.感到吃惊; 因.而惊恐同义词 agitate arouse call disturb frighten jar jolt shock signal startle summons unnerve warning6. smooth adj平坦的，顺利的 have a smooth temper 性格温和His hair was smooth and his voice was
12、deep他的头发光滑，声音深沉。Her skin feels smooth and soft她的皮起肤摸起来光滑柔软The course of true love never did run smooth.好事多磨Wish you a smooth journey!祝你一帆风顺!v1) Money helps to smooth away most problems 钱有助于解决大多数问题。2) The sea has smoothed down大海已经风平浪静。3) Speaking English fluently certainly smoothed our path能流利地讲英语当然为
13、我们扫清了前进的障碍。习惯用语：take the rough with the smooth 既能享乐也能吃苦smooth away over 使容易, 排除, 解决(困难等) smooth down 弄平; 使平静4 / 164smooth out 弄平, 烫平; 消除, 解决, 使顺利 smoothon in 擦匀( 面霜等)smooth over 把.弄平; 使平息稳定 下来 消除(障碍等) 遮盖, 掩饰归纳拓展 同义词： cunning even glossy level pleasant polished polite sleek slick suave 反义词： roughsmoo
14、th 可用作形容词和动词。作形容词主要有三个义项；光滑的；平坦的；平稳的。smooth 用作动词时既可以及物又可以不及物，意思是“使平静；使光滑；消除；克服”。7. apron n. 围裙,1) Give me the apron please. 请给我围裙。2) Give the apron another wring. 把围裙再拧一下。3) She tied an apron on. 她系上了围裙。4) An apron keeps his clothing unstained. 围裙使他的衣服保持原样。5) He holds the land by the apron - string.
15、 他因裙带关系而拥有那块地皮。6) She made up the remaining cloth into an apron. 她把余下来的布缝成一条围裙。8.embarrassed 尴尬的, 难堪的 , 害羞的be embarrassed in the presence of strangers. 在生人面前局促不安v(1)She felt embarrassed and quickly told him to go她感到很尴尬，叫他赶快走开。(2) Are you trying to embarrass me?你是不是想让我难堪?(3) I felt embarrassed atby h
16、is comments about my clothes他对我的衣服说长道短让我很难堪。(4) She felt embarrassed atby her being late她因迟到而焦虑不安。(5) He is financially embarrassed. 他陷於财政上的困难。(5) She seem embarrass at the request. 她对于这个请求似乎感到难以为情。(6) You didnt embarrass me in the slightest. 你一点也没让我为难。(7) She leagued with her mother to embarrass me
17、. 她和她妈妈联合起来叫我下不了台。5 / 165归纳拓展embarrass 用作动词，主要有三个义项：使窘迫；使难堪；使焦虑不安。embarrassment 是其名词形式。有两个义项：困窘，难堪；让人难堪的人或事。embarrassing 是形容词， “令人难堪的；让人不安的” 。embarrassed 也是形容词， “感到难堪的；不安的”。9. sympathy 同情心，同情; 怜悯一致; 同感; 赞同 ,慰问; 吊慰习惯用语:come out in sympathy 举行同情罢工, 罢工声援express sympathy for (对.表示)慰问 feel sympathy for (
18、=have sympathy for) 同情in sympathy with 同情; 赞成; 和.一致 win sympathy of 博得.的同情out of sympathy with 对.不同情; 不赞成; 对.没有同感, 和.不一致feel/have sympathy for 同情 be in sympathy with 赞同seek sympathy from a friend 想得到朋友的同情同义词： commiseration -compassion -condolence -mercy -pity -sensitivity -tolerance -understanding.I
19、 felt real sympathy. 我由衷地感到同情。Her sympathy became pungent. 她的同情心变得强烈起来。With profound sympathy.I felt much sympathy for the blind.Her sympathy became pungent. 她的同情心变得强烈起来。10. elegant adj.优雅的, 风雅的 , 雅致的, 文雅的, 有风度的,优美的, 精彩的, 讲究的,口 极好的 , 一流的elegant furnishings 雅致的装饰 an elegant gentleman 举止文雅的绅士an elegan
20、t vase 别致的花瓶 an elegant writer 格调高尚的作家同义词： cultured fine polished refined superior tasteful 反义词： inelegantHer manner is elegant. 她的举止优雅。imposingly fashionable and elegant. 令人印象深刻的时髦、优雅。(informal) elegant and fashionable. （非正式）优雅而且时髦。6 / 166Her movements were very elegant. 她的举止很高雅。It looks exquisite
21、and elegant! 看起来确实很高雅！She adopted an elegant pose. 她摆了一个优美的姿势。She has an elegant carriage. 她仪态优雅。A composition marked by elegant phrasing. 用优美的措词写下的作文A plain but very elegant dress 朴素而极雅致的连衣裙A room with an elegant tone. 处于幽雅情调中的小房间11favour-n.好感；厚爱.偏袒；偏爱.恩惠；善意的行为1) May I ask you a favor? 我可以请您帮个忙吗？2)
22、 Will you do me a favor and phone for me? 你能否帮个忙给我打个电话.vt.赞同，赞成帮助；促进.（容貌）像，似1) The child favors his father with his brown eyes. 这个孩子的棕色眼睛像他的父亲。2) 习惯用语in favor of 赞成；支持 . in favor of （开支票）付与to do someone a favor 给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙I am in favor of stopping work now. 我赞成现在停止工作。draw a check in favor of Warne
23、r 开一张向沃纳付款的支票.provide a service or favor for someone. 为某人提供服务或引起某人的欢心。Would you do me a favor? 帮我个忙好吗？12.pile 堆，大量； 大数目；大堆，财富；大量金钱a pile of=piles of=a lot of 堆积如山的，a pile of wood 一堆木头 piles of work 一大堆工作1) I have a pile of work to do this evening.今晚我有一大堆工作要做2) He has made his pile. 他已发财。3) She has a
24、 disorderly pile of clothes to wash.她有乱七八糟的一堆衣服要洗。vt.piled, piling（常与 up, on 连用）堆起；堆叠；（常与 with 连用）装载；往（车上）装货；塞满；常与 in, into, on, out of 连用）蜂拥而入，蜂拥而出1）She piled the books on the table. 她把书堆在桌子上。7 / 1672）please pile a cart with straw 把稻草装到车上13. scan-vt., vi.-nn-细看，审视，浏览，粗略地看，标出诗的格律，扫描，扫掠1）The shipwrec
25、ked sailor scanned the horizon anxiously every morning . 这位遭船难的水手每天早晨焦虑地注视着海天相接之处。2）He scanned the newspaper while having his breakfast . 他在吃早饭的时候浏览了一下报纸。3）The verses scan smoothly. 这些诗很合韵律。4）The verses scan well. 这些诗句韵律严谨.5）Can I scan this document? 我能扫描这份文件吗？14. or rather 或者说，准确地说What I want is th
26、e truth, or rather a series of truth.我需要的是事实，准确地说是一系列事实15. absurd-adj.荒谬的, 荒诞的 , 荒唐可笑的an absurd opinion 谬见 Dont be absurd! 不要胡闹!1）Their request is absurd. 他们的要求是荒谬的。2）Their statement is rather absurd 他们的说法极为荒谬。3）What an absurd suggestion! 多么荒唐的建议！absurd foolish silly ridiculous 均含“ 不合情理”、 “荒唐”、 “可笑”
27、、 “愚蠢的” 意思。absurd 强调“不符合人情或常识的”, 如:Its clear to everybody that the creation of the world by God is absurd. 人人都清楚, 上帝创造世界的说法是荒谬的。foolish 强调“缺乏智慧和判断力的”, 如:What a foolish suggestion! 多么荒唐的建议!silly 强调“单纯、糊涂、低能的”, 如:I cant stand her giggling, shes so silly. 她吃吃地笑 , 叫我真受不了, 那样子傻透了。ridiculous 意为“ 荒谬的” 、 “令
28、人发笑的”, 常会有“ 鄙视” 之意, 如:How ridiculous! 真滑稽! (含“岂有此理”意味)16. accompany v. 陪伴, 伴奏8 / 168(1) As he was not allowed to accompany her to shops，he wrote out a list of items for her 因为不允许他陪她到商店，他给她列了一个购物清单。(2) Id like you to accompany me to the police station我想让你陪我去警察局。(3) The singer was accompanied byon the
29、 piano那位歌手唱歌时是由钢琴伴奏的。(4) I must ask you to accompany me to the police station.我得要求你陪我去趟警察局归纳拓展*accompany 是及物动词，主要义项有：陪伴；陪同; 伴随。固定搭配形式：be accompanied by; accompany sb. company 是它的名词形式。固定短语：keep sbcompany 陪伴某人。17.awful- adj.可怕的，威风凛凛的,严肃的，口丑陋的 , 极坏的; 厉害的; 非常的An awful burden; an awful risk. 艰难的重担；可怕的冒险
30、My face looks awful.我的脸好难看。 Thanks an awful lot. 多谢。 The pain was awful. 剧痛。 The smell is awful. 气味难闻。 Its an awful nuisance? Was the voyage awful/unpleasant?航程糟糕吗？ I fell awful about it. 我觉得很糟糕。18. paint 油漆，颜料Wet/Fresh paint! 油漆未干nClaire went in to the city and bought curtains， cushions，a carpet an
31、d paintClaire 进城买了窗帘、靠垫、地毯和油漆。1）The painter always brings his paints with him 画家总是随身带着他的颜料。2）There stands a sign saying“Wet Paint!”那儿立着一个写着 “油漆未干”的标志牌。v1） I want to paint the door blue我想把门漆成蓝色。9 / 1692）She paints very well 她画得很好。3）She spent 2 hours painting her face 她花了两个小时往脸上搽化妆品。归纳拓展： paint 既可作动词又
32、可作名词。作名词时义项有：油漆；涂料；颜料。paint 作动词可以是及物的也可以是不及物的。义项有：(用颜料)画；油漆；(用化妆品)19. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 转过身去时,格拉雷斯克拉芬站在那里。turn around 同 turn round 转过身与 turn 有关的短语： turn back 折回, 翻回 turn in 上交 turn down 拒绝, 调小/低 turn out 结果是; 生产 turn on 开(灯等) turn off 关(灯等) turn up出现;到达 there stood.
33、此句为存在结构 ,常用于这种结构的动词有 stand, seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be, live, come, enter, lie 等There happened to be nobody in the room.20. By the amused and surprise look on her face, Chaire knew that Gladys thought she was having an affair. After all, she knew Claires husbands name was Larry.从她脸上惊奇
34、的表情判断,克莱尔知道拉迪斯认为她有外遇,毕竟她知道她丈夫的名字是拉里。by prep. 此处相当于 according to 根据,按照 By my watch it is two oclockby 的用法：1) “到时为止”, 其后若跟过去时间 , 时态多用过去完成时;若跟将来时间, 时态多用将来完成时。By the age of 15, he had taught himself advanced maths.到 15 岁时,他就自学完了高等数学。2) 表示时间时, 还有“ 在 期间,不迟于” 的意思。I have no idea why he often sleeps by day.
35、我不知道他为什么常在白天睡觉。 By tomorrow he will be here.他明天就到这儿。3) by 作为介词和副词 ,意思还有 “在附近,在旁边,经,由,依据,通过,用,以方式”10 / 1610等。There is a mall table by the bed. 在床边有一张小桌子。Please let me by. 请让我进去。21.affair 暖昧关系，事情，私通，事务, 事件, 私事, 恋爱事件,风流韵事1）Dont mind ones own affaires/business.别管闲事！2）He has an affair with sb.跟某人有不正当的男女关
36、系.3）She was having an affair with someone who has a wife（有妇之夫）.4）Its a dress affair. 那是需要穿礼服的集会。5）Gardening is a cooperative affair 园艺是一个协力的事务。6）.Lets forget the whole affair/matter/thing. 咱们完全不要再想这件 事了。习惯用语：carry on an affair with sb. 与某人有不正当的男女关系have an affair with sb. 与某人有不正当的男女关系 love affair 恋爱事
37、件; 风流韵事 强烈爱好mind ones own affairs or business 少管闲事 put-up affair or job 勾当; 诡计; 圈套settle ones affairs 安排自己的事 在(遗嘱中)把财产安排妥当Its not my affair.这不关我的事22. suggest 后跟 that 引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用 should 虚拟1）I suggested that it would be quicker to travel by train. 我建议说坐火车旅行要快一些。2）He suggested that I should go abro
38、ad. 他建议我该出国。当 suggest 译为指出，暗示时，后面的宾语从句用陈述语气1）I suggest that you did not catch the 8 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 train.“ “你没有搭 8 点钟的火车,而是搭的 8 点 25 分的车。“2）“When I suggested that some villagers must have come in for a free drink, Mr Thompson shook his head.“ “当我暗示说,这准是某些村民进来偷喝掉的,汤普森先生摇摇头
39、。suggest doing sth.建议做I suggest speaking English.我建议讲英语suggest sth. to sb.=suggest to sb that 从句I suggested to him that he should work hard.11 / 161123. firm or firmly 稳固的，坚实的as firm as a rock 坚如磐石 a firm faith 坚定的信念 a firm foundation 牢固的基础adj （1）The chair is not firm enough to stand on. 那椅子不够稳当，不能往
40、上站。（2）I am a firm believer in always telling the truth。我坚信应该说真话。（3）We must take firm measures to prevent our environment from being polluted 我们必须采取坚定的措施来防止环境污染。adv（1）He held her firmly in his arms and she felt the warmth of his body他稳稳地用胳膊接住了她，因而她感觉到了他身体的温暖。（2）firmly believe that we should not tell
41、lies 我坚信我们不该撒慌。（3）She held her lips firmly sitting there 她紧闭双唇，坐在那儿一言不发。归纳拓展firm 用作形容词主要有三个义项：牢固的，稳固的；坚决的，坚信的；坚定的，稳定的，此外，firm 还可作名词“ 公司，商号”讲。固定词组：be firm with.对严格或说一不二。firmly 作为副词，意思是“稳固地，坚定地” 。24. She cried out “Tony” and then heard him declare that he didnt want to leave her the next day and that
42、he felt more than just the desire to please her.她大叫“托尼”, 接着她就听到托尼郑重地说第二天他不想离开她,并且他感到不仅仅只是想让她开心。declare vt.1) 宣布 , 宣告; 声明+(that) to make known formally or officially.The new Congress declared a state of war with Germany.新的国会向德国宣战了2) 宣称 ;断言+(that)（1）The accused man declared himself innocent. 被告声称他是无罪的
43、。（2）She declared that she didnt want to see him again. 她宣称再也不愿见他了。12 / 1612（3）I declared at the meeting that I did not support him.我在会上声明我不支持他。（4）I declared the meeting closed 我宣布会议结束。（5）Jones was declared the winner of the fightJones 被宣布为拳击赛的胜者。（6）She declared that she knew nothing about the robber
44、y 她声称自己对这一次抢劫一无所知。习惯用语；declare against sth. 声明反对某事 declare in favor of sth. 声明赞成某事declare off 宣布作废, 毁约 , 宣布退出 declare oneself 发表意见, 表明态度; 宣布自己的身分归纳拓展 declare -announce publish- proclaim 都含“明确地声明或宣布的意思”。declare 经常用于正式场合,指“清楚, 有力地, 公开让人知道”, 多指正式地当众发布，常用于宣战、议和与宜判；announce 则指公开地发布人们所关心的或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻之类的消息
45、。He declared his intention to run for office. 他宣布了自己参加竞选的想法。announce 指“把人们关心或感兴趣的事正式公布于众”, 如:announce a sale 公布减价。publish 指“通过口头和书面方式让公众都知道, 但主要是后者”, 如:Hell publish a statement. 他将公布一项声明。proclaim 用于公共或正式场合 , 特别指“重大的事件 ”, 着重“ 庄严地向广大群众宣布”或“严肃认真地申明 ”,如:proclaim the founding of a republic 宣告一个共和国的成立。25.
46、 more than1)后面跟名词,意为“ 不只是 ,不仅仅是” 。 （1）Kate was more than a teacher. She also did what she could to take care of her pupils. 凯特不仅仅是位教师,她还尽其所能照顾她的学生。（2 Modern science is more than a large amount of information.现代科学不仅仅是13 / 1613大量的信息。（3）My trip to Beijing is more than sightseeing. 我去北京不仅仅是观光。2) more th
47、an 与数词连用, 意思是“多于,大于, 超过”。（1）I have known him for more than twenty years.我认识他已超过二十年了。（2）More than ten policemen turned up at the spot where the accident happened. 十多位警察出现在出事地点。3) more than 与形容词和分词连用,表示“非常、十分”。（1）They were more than happy to see us come back from the expedition.看到我们远征而归，他们异常高兴。（2）I am
48、 more than happy to accept your invitation.我很高兴接受你的邀请。4). more than 与动词连用,对动词起着加强语气的作用。（1）Repeated advertising will more than increase product sales.多次做广告意味着增加产品的销售。5) more than 和含有情态动词的句子连用,有否定意义,表示“是难以” 或“超过了 所能” 之义。（1）The beauty of the village is more than I can describe.我难以描述那个山村的美丽。(2) This pro
49、blem is more than a child can settle. 这一问题超出了小孩的解决能力。6) no more than 意思是“仅仅,不过,只是”。(1) All his education added up to no more than one year. 他接受的所有的学校教育只有一年。(2) Their new flat has no more than 60 square meters.他们的新居只有 60 平方米。7). not more than 表示“至多,不超过” (1)Lying on the ground was a schoolboy of not more than seventeen. 躺在地上的那个男学生最多十七岁。26.envy 嫉妒，羡慕 同义词 be jealous of covet 反义词 gratification g
