1、高中生高考英语写作复合句写法小结更新日期：2011-8-27 有 1032 位读者读过此文 高考英语写作专题 如何写好复合句 在英语中，包含一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。如果一个句子包含两个或更多的主谓结构，其中有一个或更多的更多的主谓结构充当句子的某一个成分，这个句子就叫复合句。复合句分为名词性从句、定语从句(形容词性从句)和状语从句(副词性从句)。其中，名词性从句又分为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句。定语从句修饰名词或代词、用作定语的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的特点是：从句前面有个各词或代词（先行词），从句必须由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词有 who, whom, which,
2、 that, as, 它们在从句中做主语或宾语：whose 在从句中做定语，whose 后必须有一个名词。如 whose parents, whose top 等。关系副词有：when, where, why，在从名中只能做状语。注：运用定语从句必须注意两点：由关系代词或关系副词所替代的成分在从句中不能重复出现：定语从句与简单句一样，也要求句子结构既正确又完整。如：将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句成分。1. The foreigner is from Canada. He visited our class.The foreigner who(主语) visited(谓
3、语) our class(宾语) yesterday is from Canada.2. Mrs. Wang is the teacher. Her son was admitted to Beijing University.Miss Wang is the teacher whose(定语) son(主语) was admitted(谓语) (whose 后有 son, who 代 her) to Beijing University.3Our teacher told us such a story. It moved us all to tears. Our teacher told
4、us such a story as(主语) moved(谓语) us all(宾语)(as 代 it 做主语, it 不重复出现) to tears.4I will never forget the days. We worked in that small town in those days.I will never forget the days when we(主语) worked(谓语) in that small town.定语从句练习：（一） 将下列每组句子连成一个含定语从句的复合句，并分析定语从句的成分。1. The noodles were delicious. I coo
5、ked the noodles._2. The factory is in the west of the city. His father works in that factory._3. They planted the trees. The trees didnt need much water._4. I have a friend. Her father is an engineer._（二）把下列句子译成英语。1他去年写的那本书深受读者欢迎。2我妈妈教书的那所学校建于 1930 年。_3那个在会上做报告的人是我们的校长。4她就是那个语音很好的女孩。名词性从句比较下列两组句子：1)
6、Your explanation (主语) sounds (连系动词) reasonable (表语). (只有一个主谓结构，简单句)What you said just now (主语从句) sounds（连系动词）reasonable (表语). (主语包含一个主谓结构，复合句)2)I (主语) believe (谓语) your honesty (宾语).(只有一个主谓结构，简单句)I (主语) believe (谓语) that you are honest (宾语从句).(宾语包含一个主谓结构，复合句)主语从句 What you said just now 中的 What，宾语从句
7、that you are honest 中的 that 都是引导从句的关联词。从句的结构一般说来和简单句的一样，只不过从句前多了一个关联词。了解并正确使用关联词是写好名词性从句的关键，引导名词性从句的关联词的词义的用法见下表：类别 词义 在从句中的作用连词 that 无任何词义 仅起连接作用，不做成分连词 whether, if 意为“是否” 起连接作用，不做成分连接代词 what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自含义 连接从句，并在从句中充当主语、表语、宾语、定语连接副词 how, whe
8、n, why, where, however, whenever, wherever 有各自含义 连接从句，并在从句中充当状语如：1)That he didnt pass the examination disappointed his mother.(主语从句，that 没有意义，在从句中不充当任何成分)注：引导主语从句的 that 不能省略，如在上句中，如果省去 that，子结构混乱，是典型的“汉语式英语”；有了 that，就很容易看出 that 是连词，引导主语从句 That he didnt pass the examination，整个句子结构是“主语+谓语+宾语”。2)The qu
9、estion is who will be elected president of the country.(表语从句， who 意为“谁”，在从句中作主语)3)You can give it to whomever you like.(宾语从句， whomever 意为“任何人，无论谁”，在从句中作宾语)4)I cant remember where I have read this article.(宾语从句， where 意为“哪里”，在从句中作状语)注：名词性从句中有一个问题需特别注意：it 做形式主语，it 做形式主语。it 做形式主语常用的句型：It is + 形容词 + tha
10、tIt is + 过去分词 + thatIt matters/doesnt matter + that/whethereg: It(形式主语) is(系动词) necessary(表语) that you inform him of the date for the meeting at once.(真主语) (从句)It(形式主语) was said(谓语) that he used to be manager of a big company.(真主语) (从句)It(形式主语) matters a lot(谓语) whether you can raise enough money fo
11、r the project.(真主语) (从句)it 做形式宾语的句型：主语+谓语+it（形式宾语）+形容词/名词（宾语补足语）+从句（真主语）/不定式eg: We(主语) consider(谓语) it(形式主语) a great honour(宾补) that we can host the 2008 Olympic Games.(真宾语)They(主语) found(谓语) it(形式主语) difficult(宾补)(形容词) to communicate with the local people. (真主语)名词性从句练习：（一） 用 that, whether/if, what(
12、ever), who(ever), whom(ever), whose, which(ever), when, why, how, where 填空。Everyone knew 1_Andy was a famous writer, but no one knew 2_she came from and 3_she was born in 1961 was still a mystery. 4_they did know was 5_she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6_was in need of money. An
13、dy was generous and helpful, but some people thought she was chasing fame. Andy said she didnt understand 7_they were so narrow-minded, but it didnt matter 8_others would thought of her. She just wanted to do 9_she thought was right. I think that is 10_the meaning of life lies.（二） 将下列句子译成英语，然后分析每个句子
14、的结构。1. 这就是我们不同意你的方案的原因。 2. 他能考入北在下是我们意料中事。_3. 妈妈答应我她会好好照顾自己的。4. 他们还没决定什么时候出发。_5 很明显，他在撒谎。6据报道，我们队夺得了金牌。_7真奇怪，他竟然这么粗鲁。8我们规定每天练习一个小时的英语口语。_状语从句状语从句修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词，由从属连词引导，可位于句首，也可位于主句后。状语从句在句首时，往往有逗号使从句与主句隔开。引导状语从句的连词分类：状语从句 连词时间 when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, as soon as, hardlywhen,
15、no soonerthan, scarcelywhen, each time, every time, the first time, the minute, the second, the day, immediately地点 where, wherever, everywhere条件 if, unless, providing/provided that, supposing/suppose that, as long as, so long as, on condition that, in case, only if, if only原因 Because, as, since, now
16、 that, seeing that, considering that, in fact, in view of the fact(鉴于)让步 though, although, even if, even though, as, while, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter wh-, for all that, granted, whetheror, in spite of the fact that比较 as, than, the same as, not soas, asas方式 as if, as t
17、hough目的 that, in order that, so that, in case, for fear that, lest结果 so that, sothat, suchthat, but that在写好简单句的基础上，要写好含状语从句的复合句，掌握引导每种状语从句的连词是关键，因为状语从句内的结构与简单句相同，我们需要什么状语从句，只需在句前加上相应的连词既可。当然我们还需要分清复合句中哪是主句，哪是从句。如：（1）当你再读这首诗后（从句），你将更明白它的含义（主句）。When you read the poem a second time, you will understand
18、 it better.从句中，除了多了连词 When 外，you read the poem a second time 与简单句结构相同。（2）客人每到一处，都受到热闹欢迎。Whenever they went, the guests were warmly welcomed.The guests were warmly welcomed whenever they went.状语从句练习：把下列每两个句子连接成含状语从句的复合句。1. You will be late. You leave immediately._2. I was walking in the street. I saw
19、 an old friend of mine._3. I may fail a thousand times. I wont give up._4. He is considered to be a good writer. His works are not widely read._5. We study very hard. We can work well in the future._6. You can go to work in the place. Your father worked there when he was young._要写好复合句最后需要注意的问题：千万不要交
20、汉语一一对译成英语，一定要注意所写复合句符合英语句子结构的特点及复合句中句子成分的完整。如“到车站时，他发一火车已经走了”，如果一一对译，则容易误译为：When arrived at the station, he found the train had already left. 其实前面已经讲过，从句与简单句一样，需讲究句子结构的完整性，只不过从句前有很明显，缺少主语，需在 when 后加上 he。综合练习：（一） 请补全下列复合句被遗漏的成分。1. He said at the meeting astonished us all.2. Tom won the first prize ma
21、de his parents very happy.3. It was in Beijing I met him for the first time.4. Go and get your coat. Its where you left.5. Anyone is late for class should say sorry to the teacher.6. You can have no idea he said.7. Please tell me when discuss the important problem.8. Keep it in mind you have to be h
22、ome by ten oclock.9. Ill never forget the time we worked on the farm.10. After the war, a new school was put up where had been a temple.（二） 将下列句子翻译成英语。1她在丢失计算器的地方打到了它。2无论你说什么，我都不会改变主意。 _3我是昨天下午才知道这个消息的。4李兵赢了比赛让我们大吃一惊。_5听到这个消息的时候，他们禁不住大声欢呼起来。_复合句练习答案名词性从句练习:(一) 1.that 2.where 3.whether 4.What 5.that
23、6.whoever 7.why 8.how 9.whatever 10.where （二）1This is why we dont agree to your plan.2. That he could be admitted to Beijing University was what we had expected.3. Mother promised me that she would take good care of herself.4. They havent decided when they will set off.5. It was clear that he was ly
24、ing to us.6. It was reported that she our team had won the gold medal.7. It was strange that she should have been so rude.8. We made it a rule that we should practice oral English for an hour every day.定语从句练习答案：(一)1. The noodles which I cooked were delicious.2. The factory where his father works is
25、in the west of the city.3. They planted the trees which didnt need much water.4. I have a friend whose father is an engineer.(二)1. The book which/that he wrote last year is popular with the readers.2. The school where my mother works was built in 1930.3. The person who is speaking at the meeting is
26、our headmaster.4. She is the girl whose pronunciation is very good.状语从句练习答案：1. You will be late unless you leave immediately.2. I was walking in the street when I saw an old friend of mine.3. Even if I may fail a thousand times, I wont give up.4. Although he is considered to be a good writer, his wo
27、rks are not widely read.5. We study hard so that/in order that we can work well in the future.6. You can go to work where your father worked when he was young.综合练习：(一)1. he 前加 what, what 做 said 的宾语, what he said at the meeting 是主要众句.2. Tom 前加 That, That Tom won the first prize 是主语从句, that 不能省略.3. Be
28、ijing 后加 that，这是一个强调句。4. left 后加 it, Its where you left it, it 在从句中做宾语。5. Anyone 后加 who, who is late for class 是定语从句。6. idea 后加 what. what 做 said 的宾语。7. when 后加 we shall, when we shall discuss the important problem 是宾语从句。8. mind 后加 that, that 引导宾语从句。 9. time 后加 when, when 引导定语从句。10. where 后加 there,
29、where had been a temple 是状语从句。(二)1. She found her calculator where she lost it.2. They couldnt help cheering up when they heard the news.3. It was not until yesterday afternoon that I knew the news.4. That Li Bing won the match surprised us all.5. whatever/No matter what you may say, I wont change my mind.
