1、一对一英语语法辅导资料 6-简单句一、英语的句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。1、陈述句：用来说明事实或说话人的看法，包括肯定句和否定句 。如：He is a doctor. I didnt go to school yesterday.2、祈使句：用来表示请求、命令。 如：Be quiet！ Dont play with fire！3、问句：用来提出问题。包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句。如：Do you like English？ What time is it?Does he like playing football or playing baske
2、tball?They went out, didnt they？4、感叹句：用来表达强烈的感情。如：What a fine day it is! How beautiful！二、用法讲析：1、陈述句：中考出题一般是将肯定句变为否定句。几种常见形式：(1)含有谓语动词 be，变否定时，be 后加 not 即 be notI am a teacher I am not a teacher.There are some booksThere are not any books.(2)句子谓语动词是实义动词( 如：work live)时，要用助动词 do/does/did + not + 动词原形。如
3、：They like swimmingThey dont like swimming. I came late I didnt come late(3) 句中含有 all，both 的句子，变完全否定时，要将 allnone, bothneither, bothand neithernor要注意谓语动词的变化。如：All of us watched the TV None of us watched the TV.Both of them are students.Neither of them is a student.Both Tom and John have done the home
4、work.Neither Tom nor John has done the homework.(4)现在完成时、过去完成时态的句子变否定时变为 have/has+not+done 或had+not+done (5) had better do something 变否定时为 had better not do如：Youd better have a rest Youd better not have a rest.2、疑问句：（1）一般疑问句：一般指用 Yes 或 No 回答的疑问句。I Tom at home？ Yes, he is./No, he isnt.Can you swim？ Y
5、es, I can./No, I cant.Have they been to Beijing？ Yes, they have./No, they havent.（2）特殊疑问句：是以疑问词开头的疑问句。常用疑问词 what，where，who，how，what time，how long 等其结构：疑问词+一般疑问句？ 要注意使用一般疑问句的语序。. My name is MaryWhat is your name？I usually get up at 6:30When do you get up？注意：疑问词作主语或作主语的定语时，语序不变即疑问词（疑问词+被修饰词）+ 动词+其他？Ha
6、n Mei is on duty Today.Who is on duty today？My ruler is blue.Whose ruler is blue？还应注意：特殊疑问句不能用 Yes 或 No 回答，应问什么答什么。（3）选择疑问句：提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种。这种疑问句叫选择疑问句。其结构：“ 一般疑问句+or+其他？”Is her brother a doctoror ateacher? 前升后降Shall we go to the cinema onSaturday or onSunday？注意：回答时不用 Yes 或 No，直接回答（根据事实回答） 。如：
7、Does he like English or Chinese？He likes Chinese.（4）反意疑问句：反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是在陈述句之后，对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。其基本结构有两种：一是“肯定陈述句 + 简略否定问句”；二是“否定陈述句 + 简略肯定问句 ”。反意疑问句的前后两部分在时态、人称和数上都要保持一致。如：It looks like rain，doesnt it？He doesnt need to work so late, does he？学习反意疑问句，特别要注意以下的一些特殊情况：陈述部分的主语是 this，that 时，疑问部分的主语多用 it；陈述
8、部分的主语是these，those 时，疑问部分的主语是 they。如：This is a dictionary, isnt it？Those are shelves, arent they？陈述句如果是 there be 结构时，疑问部分仍用 there。如:There once was a man named Saint Nicholas，wasnt there？陈述部分的谓语是 had better（最好）时，疑问部分用 hadnt 来体现。如：Youd better have a good rest, hadnt you？陈述句的谓语动词是 have(has)to（必须）时，疑问部分用
9、助动词 do 或 does 来体现。如：They have to go there, dont they？He has to leave early, doesnt he？陈述句的主语是动词不定式、动词的 ing 形式或从句时，疑问部分的主语多用 it 来体现。如：Taking care of our environment is very important, isnt it?What he said is right, isnt it？陈述句中含有 not、no、hardly 、neither 、never、few、little、tooto 等否定词或是具有否定意义的词时，疑问部分常用肯定
10、形式。如：Few people knew the news, did they？Tom has never been to England, has he？但陈述句中如果带有否定意义的前缀和后缀的单词时，整个句子仍视为肯定句，反意疑问部分多用否定形式。如：She is unhappy, isnt she？陈述句中的谓语动词含有“推测” 性的词 must（一定）时，反意疑问部分多与 must 之后的动词形式和时态与句子主语保持一致。Her mother must be a teacher, isnt she？She must have read the novel, hasnt she？陈述句的
11、主语是 nobody, no one, everyone, somebody 等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用 they；如果陈述句的主语是 something，nothing，anything，everything 等不定代词时，反意疑问部分的主语多用 it。如：Nobody says a word about the accident，do they？Everything seems all right， doesnt it？陈述句是主从复句时，如果主句的谓语动词是 think、believe、expect、feel 、guess 等词，且主语是第一人称 I 时，反意疑问部分的人称、时
12、态要与从句中的人称、时态保持一致，同时还要考虑到否定的转移。如：I believe that the boy can get a ticket for you, cant he?I dont think he will come, will he？祈使句反意疑问句都可做成 will you？Please open the window, will you？Dont talk, will you？但以 Lets 开头的祈使句用 shall we？Let us，will you？Let me，will you？如：Lets go shopping， shall we？Let us have a r
13、est， will you？注意：对反意疑问句的回答，不管问题的提法如何，若事实是肯定的，就用 yes，事实是否定的，就用 no。即 Yes + 肯定，No + 否定。这和汉语不一样，应特别注意。如：John hasnt been to Beijing，has he？Yes, he has. 不，他去过。 No, he hasnt. 对，他没去过。3、祈使句：（1）祈使句是用来表示请求、命令、劝告或建议等语气的句子。它的主语多是 You（通常不说出） 。（2）祈使句可分为肯定、否定两种形式。其中肯定形式的祈使句由动词原形开头，分两类： 连系动词 + 表语（如：形容词、名词等）引起。例如：Kee
14、p quiet！ 保持安静！Be a good student！要做一我好学生！ 行为动词开头。例如：Open the door！ 打开门吧！ Come here！ 到这儿来！否定形式的构成是一律在肯定形式的祈使句之前加上 Dont。例如：Dont go there alone！不要一个人去那里。Dont be late for class again！别再上课迟到（3）在祈使句中加上 please 可构成“Please”或“,please.” 句式，please 使句子语气显得更委婉、礼貌。此时的否定句应变为“Please dont”或“Dont,please.”例如：Please give
15、 the book to me./Give the book to me, please.请把那本书给我。Please dont play with fire./Dont play with fire, please. 请别玩火。（4）由 let 构成的肯定式的祈使句句型为：Let+宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它。例如：Let me have a good rest. 让我好好休息一下。以 let 引起的祈使句的否定形式，要视其在意思上否定了什么来决定。如否定 let，则用 Dont let，若否定 let 后面的不定式，则在不定式前加 not，即用“Let+ 宾语+not+ 动词原形+ 其它。 ”
16、句式。例如：Dont let the children play football on the road.不要让孩子们在马路上踢球。Lets not wait outside the gate.咱们别在门外等。（5）祈使句的主语通常不说出来，但有时为了指明向谁提出请求、命令等时，或为了加强语气，此时可说出主语 you。例如：You feed the animals today. 今天你喂动物。You sweep the floor.你拖地板。（6）祈使句式的肯定式前加 do 可起强调作用。意为“务必；一定”等。例如：Do come, please！请一定来！Do tell her the t
17、hing. 务必告诉她此事。4、感叹句：一种类：感叹句通常由 what 或 how 引导，一般各有三种情况：（1）What 引导的感叹句 What +a(an)+形容词+可数名词的单数形式+主语+谓语！如：What a new watch it is！多么新的一块手表啊！What+形容词+ 可数名词的复数形式+主语+谓语！如：What interesting books the children are reading!孩子们读的书多么有趣啊！What+形容词+ 不可数名词+主语+谓语！如：What important news it is！多重要的新闻啊！（2）How 引导的感叹句 How+
18、形容词或副词+ 主语 +谓语！如：How tall the girl is！那个女孩多高啊！ How+主语+ 谓语！如：How time flies！间过得多快！陈改感叹并不难；What 或 How 置句前，形、副紧跟 how 后,what(冠)要和形名连，主语谓语在句末，它们省略也常见。特别提示：如何判断用 what 还是用 how？方法一：凡是有 a, an 开头的，多用 what；方法二：凡是形容词直接加名词多用 what；方法三：其他一般用 how。二如何把陈述句改为感叹句：除以上口诀外，把陈述句变为感叹句时，还可以根据这种方法：“一断二加三换位”。 “一断” ，即在谓语后边断开，使句
19、子分为两部分。例如：He is a good teacher.He is/a good teacher.“二加”，即在第二部分前加上 how（强调副词，形容词）或 what（强调名词） 。如：He is(what) a good teacher.“三换位” ，即把第一部分和第二部分互换位置，句号换感叹号。例如：What a good teacher he is！三另外主语+ be + adj + to do变感叹句：How + adj +主语+ be + to do如：I am very happy to hear the good news.How happy I am to hear th
20、e good news！不用 very、 what、 how 引导的感叹句有时可相互转换如：What a clever boy he is！ How clever the boy is！What good news it is！ How good the news is！简单句练习( )1 .Her doctor said: “_ work so hard”A Stop B Dont C Cant D No( )2. _ in bed. Its bad for your eyes.A Not to read B Dont read C Dont to read D Not read( )3.
21、_ Your child. Well look after him.A Not to worry about B Dont worry aboutC Not worry for D Dont worry with( )4.They are very tired. Why _ have a rest?A not they B do not they C dont they D not to( )5 -You look rather tired. _ stopping to have a rest?- All right.A Why not B How about C Why not to Dwh
22、y dont( ) 6 _ tell a lie.A Hardly B Not C No D Never ( )7. t you join us in the game?A What not B Why not C Why to D How to( )8. John, read the text for us,_?A does he B will he C do you D will you( )9. Lets do it at once, _ ?A shall we B will you C do we D do you10. Hello,Zhu Hua.Ill have to return
23、 to Canada because Ive worked here for a year. !A.What time flies B.How time flies C.What does time fly D.How does time fly11.! You should take this chance to attend it.A.How important conference is it B.How an important conference it isC.What an important conference is it D.What an important confer
24、ence it is12. What sport do you like best? Springboard diving(跳板跳水). to dive into water from high board!A.What a fun is it B.How fun it isC.How a fun is it D.What fun it is13.for us to surf(冲浪) on the sea in summer!A.What exciting is it B.How exciting is itC.What exciting it is D.How exciting it is1
25、4.he gave that we should take more exercise in our spare time!A.What a good advice B.How a good adviceC.What good advice D.How good advice15.We havent seen each other for many months.!A.What I missed you B.What did I miss youC.How I missed you D.How did I miss you 16.it is for us to see that he does
26、 his work so well!A.What surprise B.How surprise C.What a surprise D.How a surprise17.these ancient buildings in this city are!A.What perfectly protected B.How perfect protectedC.How perfectly protected D.What perfect protected首字母填空My sister is a successful musician. She can p the guitar, the violin
27、 a the piano. She can also sing and dance. Do you want t know about her? Let me tell you about her weekdays.On Monday she goes to play the guitar w her friends. They play it for the kids. They think it is v interesting.On Tuesday, she finds a j in a school. She is a good music teacher. O Wednesday a
28、nd T she goes to Beijing to learn art. She thinks a is really relaxing. She likes to paint and she wants to d nice pictures. Then she goes to play the violin with her partners(搭档) in a TV show.首字母填空There is a zoo near my house. I like to go there and see them. In the zoo we can see many a .Look! The
29、res a k_ in the tree. Hes eating leaves. Isnt he cute? Under the tree, theres a g . Her neck(脖子) is so long(长). Shes a c girl. Wheres the p ? Shes there eating the bamboo(竹子). Shes k of shy. But the e is interesting. Hes playing with kids with his long nose(鼻子). Theyre v fun. Look! In the pool(池子),
30、there are two d . Theyre f to people. They are playing with their balls. How happy they are!首字母填空John gets up early from Monday to S 1 , because he must go to school before 7:30 on weekdays(工作日 ) and go to the D 2 Club at 8:00 on Saturday mornings. He draws very well. He usually goes to the b 3 to l
31、ook at the new books on Saturday afternoons, and after supper he watches TV until(直到) m. 4 He doesnt get up early on Sundays. Johns parents b 5 work on Sundays. John always watches TV after he gets up. Then he usually goes to KFC to have a h. 6 and some juice for lunch. After that, he goes back home
32、 and b 7 to play computer games until his parents come back. He does his homework after supper. He usually has a lot of w 8 homework, so he must s 9 three hours on it. He usually goes to bed at about 11:00 p.m. on Sundays. He often complains(抱怨) he has too m 10 homework to do.1、S 2、D 3、b 4、m. 5、b 6、h. 7、b 8、w 9、 s 10、m
