1、一定语从句的翻译由易到难，由专项到综合，由选择到翻译。如把原定语从句译成一个独立句，用句号与主句隔开。此时的定语从句，实际上对主句不起任何修饰、限制作用，没有它，主句意思仍然完整，把原主从句译成了用句号隔开的两个简单句。例如： Haffigan learnt the rudiments from his father， who came from my part of Ireland. 哈费干从他父亲那里也学会几句简单的爱尔兰话。他父亲倒是爱尔兰人，是我的乡亲。 由此可见，英语定语从句的译法和定语从句本身的语义含义与主句的关系是密切关系的，翻译时只要真正抓住了这种关系分句和主句之间深层结构上的
2、意义，就能选用适当的翻译方法，用汉语准确地把定语从句的意思表达出来，但是，这种关系分句和主句之间的关系并不是只有以上几种，例如： 1She knew the place where the hen laid their eggs. 她知道母鸡在什么地方下蛋。 2In his eagerness to draw quick profit from the trees， he (man) has cut them down in large numbers， only to find that with them he has lost the best friends (who) he had.
3、 人类急于从树木身上尽快得到利益，就大量砍伐树木，结果却发现树木砍掉后，人类就失去了最好的朋友。 上面这两个例句，第一个句子把定语从句译成了宾语，第二个句子则根本没有把定语从句（who）he had 译出。 从以上例子我们可以看出，定语从句的译法与定语从句本身的含义以及主句有着密切的关系。阅读及翻译过程中，只要弄清关系分句与主句之间深层意义上的语义关系，确定译成定语、状语，还是独立分句，再选用合适的译法，译出的句子就会符合我们汉语的表达习惯，而且也能准确地表达定语从句的含义。 二高中定语从句与初中定语从句有何不同初中定语从句的范围局限於 who, whom, that, which 和 who
4、se.到了高中，定语从句的范围扩大了，包括 who, whom, that, which 和 whose，还有(such- - - ) as, as, the same - - as, the same - - -that. When why how where初中定语从句只限定在引导词上做修改，高中定语从句在句式中增加了定宾语从句，宾语补足语，等各种语句，增加了语句的难度。 二 复习初中版定语从句知识点关系代词(relative pronouns)who, whom, which, that, as, whose 等跟在先行词的后面，指代先行词，引出定语从句。 在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、
5、定语的作用。先行词 人 事物 人+ 事物主语 who /that which / thatthat宾语 whom / who /that which / that that表语 that that that定语 whose whose / of which /关系副词(relative adverbs) when, where, why 等跟在先行词的后面，指代先行词，引出定语从句分别表示时间、地点和原因。在从句中充当状语的作用。1)when 在定语从句中作时间状语 when 代替 at / in / on / during/since which 等，在定语从句中作时间状语。2)where
6、在定语从句中作地点状语 where 代替 at / in / to which 等，在定语从句中作地点状语。 3)why 在定语从句中作原因状语 why 引导从句作 reason 的定语，可以用 for which 取代，充当原因状语。注意：当先行词为某个时间/地点/reason 时，关系词的选择要依据关系词在从句中的功能。 三 高中版定语从句知识点as 的用法 1)as 用于限制性定语从句so as；suchas ；the sameas；2)as 用于非限制性定语从句。代表所修饰的句子，作用相当于 which，但比which 多一层“正如”的意思。 e.g.She is very caref
7、ul, as (= which) her work shows.It is like a snake, as (= which) anybody can see.但要注意，当 as 从句置于句首时， as 不能由 which 取代。e.g. As he had hoped, he saw the play. 3)as 的习惯用语as we all know 众所周知as is well-known 众所周知as has been said before 如上所述as we had expected 正如人们所预料的那样as anybody can see 正如人人都看到的那样as often
8、happens 正如经常发生的那样whose 的用法 whose 作定语从句中的定语，表示所修饰的“某（些）人的”或“某物的” 。 e.g.The boy whose name is Tom is the top student in my class.Look at the house whose roof is red.注意： 当 whose 指代物时，whose+从句结构 =of which+从句 =of which the+从句 e.g. Look at the house whose roof is red.Look at the house, the roof of which i
9、s red.Look at the house, of which the roof is red.补充：必须使用 that 的情况。当先行词是人+事物时。e.g.They talked about the teachers and schools that they had visited.The police had great trouble in diverting the men and the cars that had blocked the way.当先行词跟在系动词 be 后作表语，或关系词本身作定语从句的表语时，关系代词必须用 that，但也可以省略e.g.My fathe
10、r is no longer the man (that) he was. He thought his daughter would be the dancer (that) she always wanted to be. Its a book (that) will help you a great deal.当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词如 the first, the last 等词修饰时。e.g. This is the best film that I have ever seen.This is the first choice that I have made.She is
11、the most careful girl that I have ever known.This is the last letter that I received from him. 当先行词前面有 the only, the very, one of, any, no, every, few, little 等词修饰时。e.g. The only person that seems to know the truth is Doctor Brown.Any person that wants to succeed must work hard.There is no difficult
12、y that we can not overcome.I have read all the books that can be borrowed here. 当先行词本身为不定代词如 anything, something, nothing, everything, all, much, few, little, none, the one 时。e.g.All that I want is peace and stability.There is little that I can do.There is nothing that I can tell you.I have tried ev
13、erything that I can think of.I do not mean this one. I mean the one that was bought yesterday.注意：anybody, nobody, everybody 等不在此列。 不能使用 that 的情况。当定语从句前有介词时，关系代词不能用 that。that 不能用于非限制性定于从句。当先行词为 one, ones, anyone, those, 指人时，用 who。e.g.Those who learn not only from books but also through practice will
14、succeed.当先行词是 he 时，用 who。(多谚语) e.g.He who plays with fire gets burnt.He who laughs at last laughs best.当先行词本身是 that 时，用 which 或 who 避免重复不能用于非限制性定于从句。e.g.Whats that which flashed in the sky just now?（2）用 which 不用 that 的几种情况：在非限定性定语从句中（从句前多有逗号），用 which；在介词之后，用 which。四高中英语定语从句句型总结一、疑问句中考查定语从句1. Is this
15、 the farm _ you visited last week？A. where B. the one C. on which D. /【解析】答案是 D。命题人经常利用疑问句的特殊结构来干扰学生的正确选择。遇到这类定语从句时，最好的办法是先把疑问句还原成陈述句，然后判断谁是先行词，再看关系词在定语从句中所充当的成分，最后确定正确答案。二、倒装句中考查定语从句2. We came to a place， _ stood a big tower.A. which B. that C. / D. where【解析】正确答案是 D。为了保持句子平衡，句子用了倒装语序。倒装的使用使定语从句的结构变
16、得较为特殊，因此对于使用倒装语序的定语从句，应先把倒装语序还原成正常语序，这样句子结构就比较清晰了。三、 拆分词组和固定搭配3. The second is connected with the use _ the body makes of food.A. of which B. where C. to do D. that4. Why cant you realize the part _ they have played in our life？A. which B. on which C. when D. where【解析】正确答案分别是 D 和 A。一些词组和搭配被拆开后，句子的含义
17、就变得难以理解。首先把拆开的词组复原是理解此类定语从句的关键。上述句子中包含以下词组：make use of， play a part （in）。四、添加插入语或状语5. The scientist has made another discovery， _ I believe is of great importance.A. that B. / C. which D. why【解析】应选择 C。这类句子主要利用插入语或状语的添加来增加试题的难度。常见的插入语有：I think （suppose， expect， believe， imagine）， in my opinion， to te
18、ll you the truth 等。做这类题目时，最佳的办法是先删去插入语或状语，这样句子的主干部分就一目了然了。五、插入非谓语动词6. Is this the man _ you want to have _the radio for me？A. who；repaired B. that；repairedC. whom；repairing D. that；repair【解析】D 项正确。非谓语动词是英语中难度较大的语法项目之一，因而在定语从句中加入非谓语动词就成了学生最易失分的题目。对付这类题目最有效的办法就是将句子还原。如：我们可以把几个句子中的定语从句进行还原，还原后的句子应是：You
19、 want to have the man repair the radio for me.定语从句练习1、The knife we used to cut the bread is very sharp.Awhich Bwith Cwith it Dwith which2、The brave man, the tiger was shot, is a good hunter.Aof whom Bby that Cby whom Dby which3、The clever boy made a hole in the wall, he could see what it was going o
20、n inside the house.Aon which Bat which Cthrough which Din which4、The beautiful dress Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers.Ain which Bworn by Cthrough which Don which5、During the days , he worked as a servant at the Browns.Athat followed Bto followCfollowing Dfollowed6、You m
21、ay take anything useful .Awhich you want Byou want themCwhat you want Dyou want7、My hometown is no longer the same it used to be.Alike Bthat Cas Dwhich8、The old woman has two sons, one is a teacher.Aof who Bof whom Cof which Dof them9、You can take any seat is free.Ain which Bthat Cwhere Dwhich10、Is
22、there anything to you?Athat belong Bwhich belongsCthat belongs Dthat is belonged11、We hope to get such a tool he is using.Awhere Bthat Cas Dwhich12、Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.Atill Bthat Csince Dwhich13、She hasnt got enough money she buys the rings.Afor which Bw
23、ith which Cthat Dwhich14、Ive read all the books were borrowed from the library.Athey Bwhich C/ Dthat15、This is the best hotel in the city I know.Ait Bwhere Cthat Dwhich16、Is oxygen the only gas helps fire burn?Ait Bwhich C/ Dthat17、The Second World War millions of people were killed ended in 1945.Ao
24、n which Bwhere Cin that Dduring which18、The train she was traveling was lateAon that Bfor which Con which Dwhich19、Winter is the time of year the days are short and nights are long.Aon which Bthat Cwhen Dwhere20、Ill show you a store you may buy all you need.Athat, that Bwhich, that Cwhere, which Din
25、 which, /21、I still remember the day she first wore that pink dress.Aon which Bon that Cin which Dwhich22、Do you know the reason she got so angry yesterday ?Awhy Bwhich Cfor that Dfor why23、Is some German friends visited last week ?Athis school where Bthis school oneCthis the school Dthis school24、I
26、s there any one in your class family is in the city.Awhose Bwhich Cwhos Dwho25、Can you lend me the book the other day ?Awhich you talked Bthat you talkedCabout that you talked Dyou talked about26、This is one of the best films this year.Awhich has been shown Bthat have been shownCthat have shown Dhav
27、e been shown27、Do you know the man ?Athat I spoke BI spoke toCto who I spoke Dwhom I spoke28、There are two thousand students in our school, are girls.Atwo-thirds in which Btwo-thirds in themCtwo-thirds of them Dof whom two thirds29、I have bought two ball-pens, writes well.Aneither of them Bnone of t
28、hemCneither of which Dnone of which30、He built a telescope he could study the skies.Aby it Bthrough which Cwith that Din which31、Do you know the reason he was late?Afor which Bfor what Cwhich Dthat32、 has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.AAs BThat CWhat DWhich33、John got beaten in the
29、 game, had been expected.Awho Bwhat Cthat Das34、Theyre invented me to their party, is kind of them.Athis Bthat Cwhich Das35、Crusoes dog became ill and died, made him very lonely.Athis Bthat Cwhich Das36、There isnt so much noise in the country in big cities.Aas Bwhere Cwhich Dthat37、I often thought o
30、f my childhood, I lived on a farm.Awho Bwhen Cwhere Dwhich38、Next month, youll be in your hometown, is coming.Awhere Bwhen Cthat Dwhich39、The next thing must be done is to make a plan.Awhich Bthat Cwhen D/40、He talked happily about the men and books interested him greatly in the school.Athat Bwhen C
31、who DWhich、1、D 2、C 3、C 4、A 5、A6、D 7、C 8、B 9、D 10、C11、C 12、B 13、B 14、D 15、C16、D 17、D 18、C 19、C 20、D21、A 22、A 23、C 24、A 25、D26、B 27、B 28、D 29、C 30、B31、A 32、A 33、D 34、C 35、C36、A 37、B 38、B 39、B 40、A如何解决定语从句这个难题二、选用连词有规则，各个击破惯用法任何事物都有规律和特例，定语从句中的连词的选用也不例外。1.选用连词有两个依据正常情况下，首先看从句中缺个什么句子成分，其次看从句前的名词或代词指代什么。
32、所选用的这个连词最好同时既能充当从句中所缺的那个句子成分，又能和从句前的名词或代词一致，否则要满足从句所缺的句子成分，使从句句子成分完整，而不是残缺不全的句子。据我理解，在学习定语从句上要注意一下几个方面。1 要注意关系代词的选用。首先记住几个大原则，譬如 who that 引导人的从句，that which 引导物的从句 whose 表示所属关系。其次还要注意在某些场合下关系代词的固定使用，譬如先行词中有人有物要用 that，这些情况等等。值得一提的是，what 无论如何不能引导定语从句。2 要注意从句中动词的类别。这主要是说看看这个动词是及物还是不及物。在不及物动词的情况下，要记住带上固有的介词。还要注意这个介词放置的位置，可以提前到关系代词前，也可以紧跟在动词之后。这种情况是考试最爱考的，其中涉及到动词与介词的固定搭配，句子理解与分析，是热点难点。3 在熟练掌握定语从句的情况时，要注意省略关系代词和使用分词结构来代替从句。这只是定语从句的一些技巧，并没有涉及太多知识点。当你掌握了知识点，再用上了这个套路，定语从句对你就没什么难度了3.as 搭配的几种情况（1）as 与 the same 连用， as 多表示类别。（2）as 与 such 连用，as 多表示类别。
