1、易混淆词归纳总结1.clothing, clothes, cloth, clothe,dress,suit, apparel ,garment,coat,robe,gown,uniform,costume,garb 区别1） clothing klui 衣服，服装，衣物，是衣服的总称，比较抽象，是一个没有复数形式的单数名词(永远不可数)。a. 集合名词:-She works at a clothing factory. 她在一家服装厂工作。/-They were all in their summer clothing . 他们都穿着夏天的服装。-I changed my clothing a
2、nd drank some brandy ./ sports clothingb. 是不可数名词，后接单数动词，指除衣裤外还包括帽子、鞋袜等。不能说 a suit of clothing, 但可以说 an article of clothing , two articles of clothing 一件（二件）衣服。-Our clothing protects us（against ） from the cold . 我们的衣服为我们御寒。 /The shop sells womens clothing . 这家商店出售妇女服装。-food , clothing and shelter 衣、食
3、、住，汉语说“衣食住行”，“衣” 在“ 食”前，但在英语中 food 在 clothing 前，注意不要受汉语影响而搞错词序。-Our parents provide us with food, clothing and shelter- They wear very little clothing. 他们衣服穿得很少。/- We are well provided with food and clothing. 我们吃得好，穿得好。2) clothes kluz 衣服，服装，衣物，是统指身上的各种服装。包括上衣、裤子、内衣等具体的一件件衣服.是一个没有单数形式的复数名词(永远是 复数) ，
4、后面谓语用复数， 其前不可加不定冠词 a，也不可加数词 和 this , that，但可用 some, these, those, many, few 等词修饰。-（错）this clothes , three clothes/（对）these clothes , many clothes-要表达“ 一套（件）衣服 ”用 a suit of clothes-put on ones clothes 穿衣服， take off ones clothes 脱衣服/She bought a good many(许多)clothes .-She often wears beautiful clothes
5、 ./I changed my clothes. 我换了衣服。 /He is washing his clothes. 他在洗衣服。*若不考虑其细微区别，clothing 和 clothes 常可换用( 注：一个不可数，一个是复数。-He spent a lot of money on clothes clothing. 他花了许多钱买衣服3）cloth kl, kl: a.做衣服等用的布料，不可数 . 若用复数形式 (cloths)，则指多种布-a piece(scrap) of cloth 一块布，five pieces of cloth 五块布, a roll of cloth 一卷布,
6、 a sort of cloth 一种布-cut ones coat according to ones cloth 量入为出-How much cloth does it take to make a blouse for the girl? /It will take three yards of cloth to make a suit for you - She bought some cloth to make herself a dress. 她买了些布要给自己做一件连衣裙。b.作特殊用途的布时可数。(如：桌布，台布，揩布等)-a table cloth 一块桌布-Have you
7、 any cloths for polishing the furniture? 你有擦家具的布吗 /This woman cleaned the floor with an old cloth .-Clean the windows with a soft cloth. 用块软布擦窗子-Ive spilt my coffee all over the chair. Bring some cloths quickly, please.(我把咖啡都洒在椅子了，快给我拿揩布来4）clothe klu = enclothe 是及物动词a.“给穿衣 put clothes on, 而不是“穿(衣)”
8、， 所 以其宾语总是人而不是衣(注意有时用被动语态) ，顺便说一句，在现代英语中，用 clothe 的这种用法已不是很常见，往往用 较为通俗的 dress 代之。b.“供养，覆盖，笼罩” 现在 clothe 更多是用来表示“为某 人提供衣服 ” ” provide with clothes，或用于比喻义，指像穿衣似地覆盖某物-He has to work hard to feed and clothe his large family ./Now they are able to feed and clothe their children properly .-The trees are c
9、lothed in green leaves . 树上披上了绿装。-He can barely feed and clothe his family.(他勉强能给予全家人以温饱 )/Snow clothed the hills.(雪覆盖着山丘)。 5）dress a. 作为可数名词是女人或者孩子穿的衣服，连衣裙, a dress 通常指 an article of womens clothing .-The person opposite the street ,who wears a dress , is a woman , not a man . b. dress 可以构成特殊的服装，如
10、national dress 民族服装，evening dress 夜礼服, dressing gown aun晨衣，便袍。6)suit(sju:t, su:t一套) 衣服-I picked out a black suit. 我挑了一套黑色西装7) apparelprl 名词是衣服的卖家用的比较多，如商场楼层指示牌上或者购物网站的类别写成 womens apparel, childrens apparel，动词：dress/clothe sb.8) garment:mnt a.比较正式，一般是服装行业和时尚行业用。修饰另一个名词的时候用的比较多 ，-如 garment manufacture
11、r，garment rack, garment merchandiser 外贸服装跟单b.garment 书面化一些，clothing 口语化一些;garment 是偏向于服装制作方面时的用语，如：工厂 ; clothing 是偏向服装市场方的用语,没有太大的区别，有点像中文的服装和衣服两词c.复数形式可与 clothes 换用，指身上全部穿着。单数形式指单件衣服，尤指长袍、外套等外面的衣服。9）coat: n.指上衣、外衣、大衣、外套及女式上装,v. 覆盖的表面。overcoat 和 coat 都可以指大衣外套，但是 coat 的范围要广一些 ，作为名词它还有( 动物的)皮毛;(植物的) 表
12、皮，(油漆等的)涂层(+of)的意思作为动词 涂在.上;覆盖. 的表面 (+with/in) 给.穿上外套而 overcoat 只是大衣 外套的的意思10）robe: n 指长袍，也指浴衣、晨衣,vt/vi 穿长袍，给穿长袍。 11）gown: 指女人穿的长服，尤指教士、法官、教授等的礼服或妇女的睡衣等，也指长袍。 V.使穿睡衣12）uniform: n 指某团体或组织统一做的制服，如军服、校服等;adj. 使一致，相同的；v.使穿制服，使一样。 13）costume kstju:m: n.指流行某一地区或某一时代的服装，也指演员的戏装。V.给穿上服装14）garb: a. 作为名词, 打扮,
13、 装束 clothing of a distinctive style or for a particular occasion 同义词：attire tai, dress：-The woman was garbed in black 那个女子穿着黑衣/A man in the garb of a priest came in. 一个穿着牧师服装的人走了进来。- Presented their radical ideas in the garb of moderation. 在温和外衣后面表现了他们的激进观点 15)名词 clothes: clothing in general 同义词：app
14、arel, wearing apparel, dress 动词 clothe: 1)provide with clothes or put clothes on 同义词：dress, clothe, enclothe, garb, raiment reimnt, togtg (n(常复数)【口】衣服 ; vt【口】使穿衣,给.穿衣), garment, habilitatehbiliteit, fit out, apparel 2) furnish with power or authority; of kings or emperors 同义词：invest, clothe, adorn d
15、:n vt. (装饰；使生色)2. dress.dress up. dress out, put on, pull on, wear, be in, have on, try on 的区别1) dress A. 作动词时 a. Vi. 即表示指穿的动作- get dressed 即穿着 ; 又表示状态 be dressed in+宾语既可以是衣服也可以是颜色- (早上起床) Were late. Please get dressed as fast as you can. 我们晚了, 快快穿衣服/快快把衣服穿好-She usually dresses well.她总是穿得很好 /He is d
16、ressed in a black jacket.他穿着黑上衣。b.Vt.指穿的动作 宾语是人 不是衣服 dress sb.给某人穿衣服 = dress oneself-Mary is dressing her daughter.玛丽正给她女儿穿衣服。B. dress 作为名词,表示裙子, 女装2) dress up a) 是指穿的过程, dress up 一般是指精心的打扮( wear ones best clothes 穿上盛装), 乔装打扮（欧美人在化妆舞会或演戏时穿的特殊服装）- The party was canceled. I got dressed up for nothing.
17、 聚会取消了, 我白打扮了.-I want to dress up as a duck this Halloween. 今年万圣节我要装扮成一只鸭子 (的样子).b) dress sth up： (比喻) make sth seem better or different by careful presentation 修饰; 掩饰c) dress (sb) up (in sth/as sb/sth)： put on fancy dress( n. 化装舞会所穿着的服装), etc 化装打扮3) dress out a). 盛装；打扮；( 使)打扮得花哨，(使) 穿戴得惹人注目： -They
18、dressed out in their splendour.她们打扮得华丽耀眼。b) 布置，装饰；美化： -The ship was dressed out in flags.船上悬挂着彩旗。c). 把(家禽、兽等)放血煺毛去头去内脏；(家禽、畜等煺毛开膛洗净后)称得净重： -The deer dressed out over one hundred pounds.这只鹿去毛开膛后净重 100 多磅。4） Put on 和 pull on 穿上；戴上, 是比较随便的穿，强调穿的动作瞬间性,相当于及物动词，以衣物作宾语,put on 为普通用语；pull on 多用于穿袜子、戴手套或比较随便地
19、穿上。-Its cold outside. Youd better put on your hat.外面很冷，你最好戴上帽子。-She put /pulled on her coat and went out of the room hurriedly.她穿上大衣，匆忙地走了。5) wear/be in /have on 强调状态,;a. wear 可以用进行时(wearing sth)，宾语除衣服鞋帽外还有首饰、眼镜、发型等; -He often wears the shirt .他经常穿衬衫.b. in 穿着；戴着。强调穿的状态，是介词, 宾语既可以是衣服、帽子又可是颜色, 构成介词短词可
20、作表语或定语。-My brother is in a blue jacket.我弟弟穿着蓝上衣。/-The boy in a blue jacket is my brother.穿蓝上衣的孩子是我弟弟。-My brother is in blue.我弟弟穿着蓝衣服。c. have on 没有进行时，宾语是代词时，只能放在 on 前，是名词时，可以在 on 前也可以在 on 后 -He always wears/has on black shoes.她一直穿着黑鞋。/She is wearing/has on a red coat 她穿着红大衣。6) try on 只是试的意思。它本身没有衣服的
21、意思， 至于试什么，后就加什么，on 是介词，后边要跟个名词的。3. point at, point to, Point with sth ,point out, point in, point on 的区别1) point at a. 习惯上表示指向离说话人较近的事物，point at sb/sth 是指面前的, 表示与某人或某物接触：意为“指着”，at 是介词，着重于指的对象。point at the blackboard 指着黑板（有接触，手指触到黑板）/ Dont point at the words while you are reading. 读书时不要用手指着字./The tea
22、cher pointed at the blackboard and said，“You must look carefully.” 老师指着黑板说：“你必须看仔细。”/He pointed at the shirt and asked, Whose is this shirt? 他指着这件衬衣问道：这是谁的？ Thats my mother, she said, pointing at a photo on the wall. 那是我妈妈，她指着墙上的照片说。/He pointed at the flowers./ Point at his mouth./He pointed at me./
23、The baby points at the candy.这个婴儿指着糖果。（在这里这个婴儿指的就是那颗糖果 并不是仅仅糖果的方向）/The tour guide pointed at the Great Wall of China.这导游指了指中国长城。（这里也是 导游指的是“长城“这个物 并不是方向）b.瞄准, 用某物对准。point at 可分开使用 :-point sth. at; point 后直接跟名词或代词作宾语，at 表示方向，而 point to却没有这种用法- here were TV cameras pointing at us.有电视摄像机对着我们。/I wish yo
24、ud stop pointing that gun at men. 我希望你别再用那支枪对着人。2) point to a. point to sb/sth 多用来表示指向离说话人较远的事物，并不与某人或某物接触, 意为“指向”，to 也是介词，着重于指的方向。( 一般情况下 point at 和 point to 可互换，但事物名词作主语时，用 point to 要常见些。) -point to the blackboard 指向黑板（无接触，仅表方向）/ The building points to the east. 这所大楼朝东。/He pointed to the house on
25、the other side of the river and said，“Thats my home.” 他指着河对岸的房子说：“那是我家。”/ As he started the operation，the hour hand of the clock pointed to 9. 他开始手术时，时针指着九点。/The house points to the south. 那座房子面朝南。 /An arrow pointed to the toilets.箭头指向洗手间./The compass points to the north.这个指南针指的是北边。（也就是一个方向） /The ma
26、n points to the sun.这个男的指向太阳。b.Point sb to:为某人指路。 He pointed her to a armchair. 他指引她坐那把扶手椅。c .（因认为重要而）提到（某事物）；表明，大有可能。That points to a solution. Many politicians have pointed to the need of a written constitution.很多政客都提出需要一部成文宪法。/All the evidence pointed to Black as the murderer.所有证据都表明布莱克很可能是凶手。/ A
27、ll the facts point to the same conclusion. 所有事实都说明同样的结论。3) Point with sth:用什么东西指。 The driver pointed with his whip. 马车夫用他的鞭子指着。4) point out 表示的是给某人指示方向，要点或错误等，意为“指出”，out 是副词。- The teacher pointed out many mistakes in my homework. 老师指出我作业里的许多错误。 /Will you please point out the man who saved the boys l
28、ife? 请你指出那个救男孩性命的人好吗？* 自我测试 根据句意，用 point at，point to 或 point out 的适当形式填空。1.The teacher is the map on the wall./ 2.The needle of a compass the north./ 3.He the door./ 4.Both the hour hand and the minute hand to twelve. It was noon./ 5.Can you the man you suspect? 答 案：1.pointing at /to 2.points to 3.p
29、ointed at/to 4.pointed to 5.point out5) point in 在 . 方面有用， 有意义-只有这种用法 Theres littleno point in telling her now.现在告诉她已没有什麽意义了。6) point on, 我是没见过几个用的 不过有 From that point on 自那时起。4.by the end , on the end of, in the end,at the end ,on end, to the end 的区别1）by the end 后面一般也是有介词 of，表示“到.末”，如果所接时间为过去时间，那么句
30、子应该使用过去完成时，如果所接时间为将来时间，那么句子语法上应该使用将来完成时，口语中多用一般将来时。 -They have finished the task by the end of March.他们在三月份之前完成了任务。一般将来时：They will finish the task by the end of March.他们将会在三月份之前完成任务。2) on the end of 在（表面）的末端 Can you balance a pencil on the end of your nose?你能将一支铅笔放在鼻尖上使之保持平衡吗?3) in the end，at the en
31、d ,a) 表示“最后、最终”的意思，但是只有 in the end(与 finally，at last 同义) 可以放在句首, 后面不可以接 of 短语， 而且只能表时间位置上的，如： He failed so many times that in/at the end he gave up hopes. /In the end, we reached an agreement./ I was saved in the end 我最后获救了。 （* at last 和 in the end 只能指时间位置，而不能指时间顺序，在语义上指经过，周折，等待，耽搁后的 “最后，终于”得到所期待的结果
32、。 At last , he passed the exam . 最后他终于通过了考试； finally 既可指时间位置（相当于 at last，in the end），也可指时间的先后顺序指一系列事物或论点的顺序，在列举事物时可以用来引出最后一项内容。. Finally Id like to thank you all for your coming . 最后我要感谢诸位的光临。（不能用 at last）b) at the end 后面一般常接 of 短语， 表示“在尽头”“在结束的时候”-at the end of the term 在学期末 或 at the end of the roa
33、d 在路的末尾 /The school is situated at the end of the street该校位于这条街的尽头。 -Well have an exam in English at the end of January 一月底我们要参加英语考试。它也可以用来表示比喻意。-They were at the end of their patience 他们忍无可忍。 4)on end 连续地；竖着 in succession, in series-The movie really made my hair stand on end.5)to the end 到底的意思-Stil
34、l to the end will be a victory for yourself.坚持到底就是胜利5.at/in/on/since/by the end of 的区别at + 时间点in + 年份，月份on + 具体某一日since + 时间点，自从，用现在完成时态by the end of + 时间点，到 时间为止，用过去完成时态，或者将来完成时态6.end 短语用法小集1. at the end (of) 在( 的)末端。如：At the end of the street youll find the hospital. 在街的尽头，你可以找到那家医院。I think the fi
35、lm is a bit weak at the end. 我认为这部电影的末尾差一些。2. be at an end 结束，终结。如：The war was at an end. 战争结束了。Everything between them was at an end. 他们之间的一切都已结束。3. by the end of 到结束时，到末尾时。如：We had studied English for three years by the end of last term. 到上期末， 我们就已学了三年英语了。By the end of the chapter, youll have gues
36、sed the meaning of this word. 等你读完这一章时，你就会猜出这个词的意思了。4. come (draw) to an end 结束，完结。如：The war came to an end in 1948. 战争于 1948 年结束。/The year was drawing to an end. 一年快结束了。5. end in (doing) sth 以(做)某事结束或告终。如： He will end in being punished. 他最终会受到惩罚。The incident ended in a laugh. 这件事最后一笑了之。 /The argume
37、nt between the two men ended in a fight. 这两个人争吵到最后打了起来。6. end to end 头并头，尾并尾，首尾衔接。如：Place these tables end to end. 把这些桌子一张接一张地放好。7. end up 结束，完事。如： How does the story end up? 这个故事是怎样结束的? If you continue to steal, youll end up in prison. 你要是继续行窃，你会坐牢的。 8. in the end 最后，终于。如：In the end she married a s
38、inger. 最后她嫁给了一个歌手。He tried many times to pass the exam and in the end he succeeded. 他多次努力要考及格，最后终于成功了。9. make an end of sth 结束或除掉某事物。如：Let us make an end of this foolish quarrel. 让我们结束这无谓的争吵吧。We must make an end of this pile of rubbish. 我们得把这堆拉堆清除掉。10. no end of 无数的。如：That car has caused me no end o
39、f worry. 那辆汽车使我伤透了脑筋。11. on end (1) 不停地，连续地。如：He sat there for hours on end. 他连续几小时坐在那儿。(2) 竖立，竖着。如：Place the log on end. 把这根木头竖着放。12. put an end to sth 结束某事。如：The war was put an end to. 战争结束了。We must put an end to this foolish behavior. 我们必须终止这种愚蠢的行为。13. without end 永远的，没有完结的。如： They had trouble wi
40、thout end. 他们的麻烦无穷无尽。7. on the tree, in the tree1)on the tree,在树上, 是指树上本来就有的东西, 比如果实，花等. -The apples are on the tree.苹果在树上。2)in the tree,在树上。是指本身不属于树的东西藏在树里面了。比如人或动物爬到了树上。-The cat is in the tree.猫在树上。8. to doing sth 的常用搭配英语中的 to 有时是不定式符号，后接动词原形；有时是介词，后接动词时，动词用动名词，很容易混淆。下面是介词 to 后接动名词的一些常见搭配：1. admit
41、 to doing sth 承认做了某事。-He admitted to having taken the money. 他承认拿了那笔钱。/George would never admit to being wrong. 乔治从不认错。2. apply to doing sth 适用于做某事。-These methods apply to learning English. 这些方法适用于英语学习。有时 apply 为及物动词。如： We must apply our minds to finding a solution. 我们要动动脑筋找出解决的办法来。另外还有：apply onesel
42、f to doing sth 专心致力于做某事。如：She applied herself to learning English. 她努力学习英语。3. be get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事。如： John has got used to sleeping late. 约翰已习惯很晚睡觉了。/She is used to living in the country. 她习惯于住在乡下。4. come be near to doing sth 几乎做某事，差点就做某事。如：I was near to screaming. 我险些喊叫起来。I came near to
43、forgetting my raincoat. 我差点把雨衣给忘了。注意，单独使用的 next to（次于）也后接动名词。如：Next to skiing her favourite sport was ice-hockey. 她最喜爱的运动是滑雪，其次是冰球。5. devote sth to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等) 献给做某事。如： Charlie devotes his time to reading. 查理的时间都用于读书。也可用于：devote oneself to doing sth 全心投入做某事。如：She devoted herself entirely to
44、 writing. 她全心投入写作。注意其被动式。如：This dictionary is devoted to explaining word usage. 这本词典是解释词的用法。Her life was devoted to caring for the sick and needy. 她一生都致力于关心照顾贫病交迫的人。be devoted to doing sth 把时间(钱，精力等) 献给做某事6. (be) equal to doing sth 有能力做某事，能胜任做某事，等于做某事。如：This is equal to saying that he knows her well
45、. 这就等于说他很熟悉她。She didnt feel equal to receiving visitors. 她感到身体不适，不能会客。7. fall to doing sth 开始做某事。如： They fell to (eating) with great gusto. 他们开始津津有味地大吃起来。She fell to brooding about what had happened to her. 她开始沉思默想自己的遭遇。8. get down to doing sth 开始做某事，认真处理某事。如：After lunch we got down to discussing th
46、e issue of pay. 午餐之后，我们开始认真讨论报酬的问题。9. in addition to doing sth 除做某事之外。如：In addition to giving me some advice, he gave me some money. 他不仅给我提了些忠告，而且还给了我一些钱。10. key to doing sth 做某事的关键。如：The humble potato may be the key to feeding the worlds population. 这不起眼的土豆有可能是解决全世界人口温饱的关键。11. look forward to doing
47、 sth 盼望做某事。如：I look forward to hearing from you. 盼早日收到你的来信。/I look forward to being alone in the house. 我盼望着能自己一人在这所房子里。12. oppose to doing sth 反对做某事。如：I oppose to your going there alone. 我反对你一个人去那儿。 注意其被动式的用法。如：Im opposed to telling him the news at once. 我反对马上告诉他这个消息。13. pay attention to doing sth
48、注意做某事。如： We should pay more attention to uniting and working with the comrades who differ with us. 我们应该更注意团结那些与自己意见不同的同志工作。其中的 pay 有时可换成其他动词。如：He gives all his attention to making money. 他的注意力完全集中在赚钱上。14. reduce sb to doing sth 使某人沦为做某事。如：Hunger reduced them to stealing. 饥饿使他们沦落为盗贼。注意其被动式的用法。如：He was reduced to begging for food. 最后他沦为乞丐。15. set ones mind to doing sth 决心做某事。如： He is used to working at night. 他习惯在夜里工作。He is used to looking after himself. 他已习惯于自己照顾自己。
