1、课时作业(二十四 ) 选修 Unit 24 Society授课提示：对应学生用书第 363 页课时练(一) 阅读理解提速练 练速度(限时：35 分钟 )阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019湖北调考Taking your English into the real worldThere is nothing quite like trying out your English in a country where the natives speak it f
2、luently. Chen Yuan， a 24yearold senior from Fudan University， Shanghai， faced a series of challenges while visiting Europe， Australia and the US.What was the first thing you noticed when you arrived？When I first arrived， my biggest problem was that I didnt know any slang terms (俚语 ). I was greeting
3、people with， “How are you？” while everyone else was saying， “Whats up？” I was finding it hard to communicate with local people even when they used simple words.What were the differences between the English you learned in the classroom and the English you had to use abroad？In the classroom I would re
4、member patterns of speech. I knew that when someone asked. “How are you？” I should reply， “Fine， thank you. And you？” The problem came when people replied to me in different ways. I didnt know how to continue the conversation.What was the hardest thing to adapt to？Life in the West is very different.
5、 In the US I found it hard to travel about， as there was not much public transport. In New York there may be a subway， but it was hard to find a bus. In some smaller cities， everyone drove a car. It is not easy for a backpacker to travel around these places. I also didnt enjoy a lot of the food， bec
6、ause I think I was too used to Chinese cooking.Tell us a funny story from your time abroad.When I first arrived in Britain， I wanted to buy some shoes， but didnt know the word for pigskin or leather. I asked the salesman， “Are the shoes made of beef or pork？” I still remember the look on his face.【语
7、篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，主要介绍了复旦大学的 Chen Yuan 去国外旅行期间遇到的各方面问题，尤其是语言交流问题。【长难句分析】 I was finding it hard to communicate with local people even when they used simple words.(第三段最后一句)分析：本句中 it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语 to communicate with local people； when 引导时间状语从句。译文：我发现即使当地人使用简单的词汇，我也很难与他们交流。【词汇积累】 pigskin n.猪皮 backp
8、acker n.背包旅行者 reply to 回答1.What was Chen Yuans biggest barrier when she first arrived abroad？A.How to communicate.B.How to travel.C.What to eat.D.What to buy.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。关键句：When I first arrived， my biggest problem was that I didnt know any slang terms (俚语).(第三段第一句 )译文：我刚到的时候，最大的问题是我不知道任何俚语。根据关键句
9、及第三段最后一句“I was finding it hard to communicate with local people even when they used simple words.”可知，当 Chen Yuan 第一次到国外的时候，她最大的障碍就是不知道任何俚语，不懂得如何与外国人交流。故选 A。2.What probably was the root of her communication problems？A.The way she greeted people.B.The way people replied to her.C.The way she started a
10、conversation.D.The way she learned English in class.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。关键句：The problem came when people replied to me in different ways. I didnt know how to continue the conversation.(第五段最后两句)译文：当人们用不同的方式回答我时，问题来了。我不知道如何继续谈话。根据关键句及第五段第一句可知，Chen Yuan 在中国英语课堂上注重语法的学习，可是在外国真正与外国人交流时就出现了问题，故出现交流问题的根源就是她在课堂上
11、学习英语的这种方式。故选D。3.Which means of transport worried Chen Yuan in New York？A.Bus. B.Car.C.Subway. D.Railway.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。关键句：In New York there may be a subway， but it was hard to find a bus.(第七段第三句)译文：在纽约可能会有地铁，但是很难找到一辆公共汽车。根据关键句可知，在纽约很难找到公共汽车。故选 A。4.Where can we most probably find this article？A.In a
12、 travel brochure.B.In a daily newspaper.C.In a historical novel.D.In a fashion magazine.答案与解析：B 考查文章出处。本文主要讲述复旦大学的Chen Yuan 去国外旅行期间遇到的各方面问题，且文中有问有答，故最有可能选自一份日报。故选 B。BMy arms shook. The bow was almost as tall as I was， and it was equipped with an arrow， ready to be shot. Never had a more illsuited pe
13、rson handled a weapon. But my editor had sent me on a mission：to find my inner Katniss Everdeen at one of Beijings indoor archery clubs.The brilliant archer Everdeen is the lead character in The Hunger Games movies， the final of which was just released in cinemas. Her arrows can hit almost anything：
14、 swordswinging enemies， fierce animals， even aircraft somehow. Me？ I cant throw a paper ball into a trashcan with any precision. And I was warned that archery would require a great deal of upper body strength， though I hadnt seen the inside of a gym in years.News outlets like The New York Times and
15、NPR have reported an increase of interest in archery， thanks to movies like The Hunger Games， Brave and The Avengers. Archery clubs have showed up in many major cities. In Jian Club， an archerythemed bar， we paid 120 yuan for an hours worth of target practice and prepared our bows and arrows.We were
16、 told to stand sideways， with one shoulder facing the bulls eye. Your weaker arm would hold the bow， while the other would pull the bowstring back until the arrow was right next to your face. Then it was meters away. Well， sort of. Instead of sending the arrows whistling through the air， my first fe
17、w simply dropped onto the ground.The failure was a good reminder that archery is a demanding， Olympiclevel sport. It worked muscles in my back and arms that I just didnt have yet. An hour came and went， and I found myself leaving with a couple pierced (刺穿的) bulls eyes and sore shoulders. Was I ready
18、 to shoot down aircraft with a swift arrow？ Not quite. But I was definitely ready for a return trip.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了作者应主编的要求，在北京一家箭术俱乐部首次体验射箭的经历。【长难句分析】 And I was warned that archery would require a great deal of upper body strength， though I hadnt seen the inside of a gym in years.(第二段最后一句)分析：
19、that 引导宾语从句；though 引导让步状语从句。译文：而且我被提醒说，射箭需要大量的上身力量，尽管我多年来都没有去过健身房。【词汇积累】 arrow n.箭 brilliant adj.杰出的 bowstring n.弓弦 archery club 箭术俱乐部5.Why did the author visit an archery club？A.Because of working as a photographer.B.Because of being a fan of The Hunger Games.C.Because of being given a task by the
20、editor.D.Because of wanting to try a new exercise form.答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。由第一段最后一句“But my editor had sent me on a mission：to find my inner Katniss Everdeen at one of Beijings indoor archery clubs.”可知，作者去箭术俱乐部体验射箭的原因是要完成主编交代的任务。故正确答案为 C。6.What best describes the authors trip to the archery club？A.Boring.
21、 B.Fascinating.C.Fruitless. D.Risky.答案与解析：B 考查推理判断。关键句：But I was definitely ready for a return trip.(最后一段最后一句)译文：但我确实准备好了再次光顾。由关键句可知，作者第一次体验射箭后，虽然不算精通，但是很感兴趣，已经决定会再来练习；由此可推知，这次体验对于作者来说是有吸引力的。故正确答案为 B。7.What can we learn about archery？A.It is not an Olympic event.B.It is a sport practiced singlehande
22、d.C.It takes little effort to be good at it.D.It has gained more popularity recently.答案与解析：D 考查推理判断。由第三段前两句“News outlets like The New York Times and NPR have reported an increase of interest in archery， thanks to movies like The Hunger Games， Brave and The Avengers. Archery clubs have showed up in m
23、any major cities.”可知，由于一些电影大片的影响，现在射箭这一活动很流行，大城市出现了很多箭术俱乐部。故正确答案为 D。8.Whats the purpose of the text？A.To record an unforgettable experience.B.To discuss several hot films.C.To instruct readers to practice archery.D.To introduce a gym in Beijing.答案与解析：A 考查写作意图。通读全文可知，文章叙述了作者第一次在箭术俱乐部体验射箭的难忘经历。故正确答案为
24、A。C2019乌鲁木齐诊断The Queen has had to say goodbye to one of her longtime companions， her beloved pet corgi Holly， who has sadly passed away aged 13. The corgi will probably be familiar to royal fans who would recognize her from the 2012 London Olympics opening video.The dog was suffering from old age an
25、d was put down at Balmoral after suffering from an illness， leaving Her Majesty three surviving pet dogs， Willow and two corgidachshund crosses， Vulcan and Candy.According to a spokesperson for Buckingham palace， the Queen was deeply upset by Hollys passing and she doesnt like seeing her dogs suffer
26、. Holly had attained a very good age. She gets more unsettled if they suffer and she knows that putting a dog down is often the kindest solution. She was devoted to Holly and wherever the Queen was， the dog was never far behind.Holly was included in one of the portraits for the Queens 90th birthday，
27、 along with her other three pet dogs. Although the Queen usually has several pet corgis， it was recently revealed that she is keen not to breed (繁殖) any more of the dogs. Monty Roberts， a horse trainer who has previously given advice to Queen， told the Daily Mail， “She wouldnt leave any young dogs b
28、ehind if she died. She wanted to put an end to it. Her Majesty， had previously named one of her dogs after her friend， but the dog died in 2012. Dogs live for less time than human beings and we know were going to lose them but they are part of the Queens family. Shell be quite upset.”【语篇解读】 本文是一篇新闻报
29、道。文章主要报道了深受英国女王喜爱的宠物狗 Holly 死亡的消息。【长难句分析】 Although the Queen usually has several pet corgis， it was recently revealed that she is keen not to breed (繁殖) any more of the dogs.(第四句第二句)分析：本句是一个复合句。Although 引导让步状语从句；“it was recently revealed that she is keen not to breed (繁殖) any more of the dogs”中的 it
30、是形式主语，后面 that 引导的从句是真正的主语。Paraphrase(英英释义)：Actually， the Queen doesnt want her pets to give birth though she usually keeps a few pet corgis.【词汇积累】 companion n.伙伴 attain v.达到 unsettled adj.不安的 reveal v.显示9.What does the author mean by “putting a dog down” in Paragraph 3？A.Helping a dog to survive.B.L
31、etting a dog go.C.Writing down the story of a dog.D.Killing a dog without causing any pain.答案与解析：D 考查词义猜测。该题问的是第三段中“putting a dog down”是什么意思。根据第三段中的“she doesnt like seeing her dogs suffer. She gets more unsettled if they suffer”可知，英国女王不愿意看到她的宠物狗受苦如果让它们受苦，她会更加不安。言外之意是，女王不愿意看到自己的宠物痛苦地活着，想让它死的时候没有痛苦。由此
32、可推知，putting a dog down 指“在没有痛苦的情况下杀死一只狗” 。故选 D。10.We may learn from the text that _.A.the pet corgi Candy once appeared in London Olympics opening videoB.the Queen felt upset for the passing away of her beloved pet dogC.the Queen has decided to reproduce another young pet corgiD.there are altogether
33、 three dogs mentioned in the text答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。关键句：According to a spokesperson for Buckingham palace， the Queen was deeply upset by Hollys passing. (第三段第一句)译文：据白金汉宫的一位发言人说，英国女王对 Holly 的死感到非常难过该题问的是从文中我们可以得知什么信息。根据关键句可知，英国女王对 Holly 的死感到很难过。故选 B。11.The text is most probably taken from _.A.a newspaper
34、 B.a film reviewC.a biography D.a documentary答案与解析：A 考查文章出处。该题问的是本文最有可能摘自哪里。本文从客观角度简要介绍了英国女王的宠物狗 Holly 死亡的消息和女王的情况。由此可推知，本文是一篇新闻报道，最有可能摘自一份报纸。故选 A。D2019海口调研When we think about endangered species， we typically think of mammals such as whales， tigers or pandas. But the over 5,500 of mammal species on
35、Earth is a relatively poor number and it pales in comparison with bacteria， of which there are at least a million different species.Despite their vast numbers， little research has been done to understand the impact that modern human practices have on these tiny organisms (生物)， which have an importan
36、t influence on many aspects of our lives.There are also reasons for concern over the way humans are affecting bacterial species， and in many cases we are causing the same type of problems that affect larger organisms. Bacterial population structures are definitely changing， and bacterial species are
37、 being transported to new locations. Perhaps some bacteria are even on their way to extinction， although we dont really have enough information to be certain yet.Why should we care if bacteria are being spread to new places？ Besides the obvious potential for spreading diseases to humans， animals and
38、 crops， there are also hidden dangers.Microorganisms are invisible to the naked eye， so we tend to ignore them and dont necessarily appreciate their role in how the planet operates. Bacteria are very important to biogeochemistry the cycling of nutrition and other chemicals through ecosystems. For in
39、stance， before humans invented a way to make fertilizer industrially， every single nitrogen (氮) atom in our proteins and DNA had to be chemically caught by a bacterial cell before it could be taken in by plants and then enter the human food chain. The oxygen we breathe is largely made by microorgani
40、sms in the oceans rather than mainly by rainforests， as is opposite to common belief.Our effects on bacteria have the potential to change these basic bacterial functions. It is vital to gain a better understanding of how humans are affecting microorganisms distribution， their abundance， and their li
41、fekeeping processes. Although bacteria are invisible， we overlook them at our own risk.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了微生物对人类生活的影响。【长难句分析】 But the over 5,500 of mammal species on Earth is a relatively poor number and it pales in comparison with bacteria， of which there are at least a million different specie
42、s.(第一段第二句)分析：这是一个并列复合句。and 连接两个分句，of which 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 bacteria。Paraphrase(英英释义)：Mammal species are much less than bacteria species. The number of mammal species is more than 5 500， and that of bacteria species is more than a million.【词汇积累】 relatively adv.相对地 influence n.影响 common adj.普遍的，普通的in com
43、parison with. 与比较12.What can be learned about the bacteria according to the text？A.Their population is becoming larger.B.They only cause great threat to other creatures.C.Some of them may become endangered species.D.Much attention has been drawn to their researches.答案与解析：C 考查细节理解。关键句：Perhaps some ba
44、cteria are even on their way to extinction， although we dont really have enough information to be certain yet.(第三段最后一句)译文：也许有些细菌甚至已经濒临灭绝，尽管迄今为止我们还没有足够的信息来确定。根据关键句及第三段内容可知，一些细菌可能已经成为濒临灭绝的物种。故选 C。13.What was the first step of the cycling of a nitrogen atom before entering our body？A.Being taken in by
45、plants.B.Entering the human food chain.C.Being transported by humans.D.Being caught by a bacterial cell.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。关键句：. every single nitrogen (氮) atom in our proteins and DNA had to be chemically caught by a bacterial cell before it could be taken in by plants and then enter the human food chai
46、n.(倒数第二段第三句)译文：我们体内的蛋白质和 DNA 中的每一个氮原子在被植物吸收然后进入人类食物链之前，必须经由细菌细胞以化学方法进行捕捉。根据关键句可知，氮原子在进入我们的身体之前的第一步是经由细菌细胞的捕捉。故选 D。14.Where is the majority of oxygen produced according to the text？A.In the oceans.B.In the rainforest.C.In the mountains.D.In the human food chain.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。关键句：The oxygen we breath
47、e is largely made by microorganisms in the oceans rather than mainly by rainforests， as is opposite to common belief.(倒数第二段最后一句)译文：我们呼吸的氧气主要是由海洋中的微生物制造的，而不是主要由热带雨林制造的，这与人们的普遍看法相反。根据关键句可知，大部分氧气产自海洋。故选 A。15.What is the authors attitude towards the opinion that we should learn more about bacteria？A.Amb
48、iguous. B.Positive.C.Indifferent. D.Critical.答案与解析：B 考查观点态度。关键句：It is vital to gain a better understanding of how humans are affecting microorganisms distribution， their abundance， and their lifekeeping processes.(最后一段第二句)译文：更好地了解人类如何对微生物的分布、丰富度和维持生命的过程产生影响至关重要。根据关键句并结合文章内容可推知，作者认为我们应该更多地去了解细菌。故选 B。
49、第二节 (共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 10 分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。2019河北衡水中学模拟 Runners need to move 15 per cent faster on a treadmill (跑步机) to burn the same number of calories as jogging outdoors， research reveals. Researchers found running on treadmills significantly reduces the amount of oxygen joggers use. _1_The experiment procedure.Researchers from Milan University analysed the difference between running outdoors and on a treadmill in 15 physically fit males with an average age of 21. _
