1、课时作业(二十二) 选修 Unit 22 Environmental Protection课时练(一) 阅读理解提速练 练速度(限时：35 分钟)阅读理解(共两节，满分 40 分)第一节 (共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，满分 30 分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C 和 D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项。A2019辽宁辽南协作校模拟Heres a selection of festivals for tourists to the United States in summer.San Francisco Silent Film FestivalFilms at this odd cin
2、ematic event have a variety of musical accompaniments， including piano and violin. It includes some classic silent movies. If you want to see them all， you can buy a festival pass.May 29 to June 1； www.silent film.orgUnion Street FestivalThis popular street fair stretches out over six blocks of the
3、city， in the fashionable shopping area of Union Street. This year， theres beer， wine， biscuits tasting and more separate themes fashion， cuisine， tech， local， craft， and health and fitness.June 7 to 10； North Beach FestivalThis is San Franciscos oldest street party， with live entertainment， deliciou
4、s food and arts and crafts. Situated in the Little Italy district， known for its associations with the “Beat Generation”， festival goers are guaranteed plenty of good Italian food. There is also as the “blessing of the animals”， a San Francisco tradition which takes place at the National Shrine of S
5、aint Francis of Assisi (610 Vallejo Street) at 2 pm on both days of the festival.June 14 to 16； www.sfnorthbeach.orgStern Grove FestivalThis is the oldest free summer arts festival of its kind in the United States. It includes a wide variety of acts， from the local symphony orchestra to wellknown ar
6、tists such as Smokey Robinson.Sundays from June 22 to Aug. 24； www.sterngrove.org【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国夏天可供游客选择的一些节日。【亮点句积累】 It includes a wide variety of acts， from the local symphony orchestra to wellknown artists such as Smokey Robinson. (Stern Grove Festival 部分第一段第二句)译文：它包括大量种类不同的表演，从当地的交响乐团到
7、著名的艺术家们，例如 Smokey Robinson。【词汇积累】 selection n.选择 odd adj.古怪的 cinematic adj.电影的 include v.包括 entertainment n.娱乐 symphony orchestra 交响乐团1Which of the following festivals contains the most themes？A.Union Street Festival.B.San Francisco Silent Film Festival.C.North Beach Festival.D.Stern Grove Festival.
8、答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。关键句：This year， theres beer， wine， biscuits tasting and more separate themes fashion， cuisine， tech， local， craft， and health and fitness. (Union Street Festival 部分第一段最后一句)译文：今年有啤酒、葡萄酒和可供品尝的饼干和更多不同的主题时尚、烹饪、技术，当地风土人情、手工艺品、健康和健身。 根据关键句可知，包含主题最多的节日是 Union Street Festival。故选 A。2How is Nort
9、h Beach Festival different from the other festivals？ A.Festival goers can enjoy food in it.B.It lasts the shortest time.C.It has the longest history of food.D.Some foreign culture is presented in it.答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。根据每个节日最后显示的日期“May 29 to June 1” “June 7 to 10” “June 14 to 16” “Sundays from June 22 t
10、o Aug. 24”可知， North Beach Festival持续的时间最短。故选 B。3When can you enjoy the oldest arts festival in the United States？A.Saturdays in July. B.Saturdays in May.C.Sundays in May. D. Sundays in July.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。关键句：This is the oldest free summer arts festival of its kind in the United States. (Stern Grove
11、 Festival 部分第一段第一句 )译文：这是美国同类艺术节中最古老的免费夏季艺术节。根据关键句并结合该部分最后一段的日期“Sundays from June 22 to Aug. 24”可知，在 6 月 22 日至 8 月 24 日的星期日，你可以享受最古老的艺术节。故选 D。B2019郑州质量预测Eight years before his death in 1896， Alfred Nobel was surprised to read an obituary(讣告) in the local newspaper. This was a strange obituary， for i
12、t told Alfred Nobel， the man who was reading it， that he was dead. The newspaper had confused Alfred with his brother， Ludwig， who had recently died.Nobel was shocked to read that he had passed away， and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary： The Merchant of Death Is Dead. Alfred was
13、 a very rich and successful armaments manufacturer(武器制造商).This incident got him thinking about his reputation. What would people think of him after his real death？ Would they really say “That was a man who profited from killing”？ It was this thought that led him to leave his money a huge amount of i
14、t for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes. His aim was for his money to be used to support the ongoing quest (追求) for excellence in the sciences and literature， and the ideal of peace. Thousands of men and women have been honored since the first awards were given out in 1901. The awards let the
15、world know about the developments that may have a huge effect on our lives.However， the prizes are controversial sometimes. There is often protest(抗议) at the award of the peace prize when not everyone thinks that the awardwinners deserve the award. Even the award for literature has sometimes been cr
16、iticized because the award committee often neglects important writers. The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust， for example， were never honored by the Swedish Academy.Still， for the most part the awards dont cause many complaints. Alfred Nobel founded the prizes to recognize t
17、hose who have had “the greatest benefit to mankind”and few would disagree that most of the prizewinners among them， Albert Einstein and Martin Luther King have made contributions that deserve to be honored and remembered.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。错误的讣告使诺贝尔深思，决心用自己的钱设立诺贝尔奖，授予那些为人类进步做出突出贡献的人。尽管有些奖项有争议，但大多数奖项还
18、是得到了大众的认可。【长难句分析】 This was a strange obituary， for it told Alfred Nobel， the man who was reading it， that he was dead. (第一段第二句 )分析：本句是复合句。for it told Alfred Nobel， the man. 是原因状语从句； the man 是 Alfred Nobel 的同位语； who was reading it 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the man； that he was dead 是宾语从句，作 told 的直接宾语。译文：这是一则奇怪的讣告，
19、因为它写道正在读报的阿尔弗雷德诺贝尔已经去世了。【词汇积累】 confuse v.混淆 reputation n.名声 profit v.获益，得到好处 controversial adj.有争议的 neglect v.忽略，忽视4How did Alfred Nobel feel when he read the obituary in the newspaper？A.Sad and worried.B.Shocked and upset.C.Surprised and confused.D. Amused and puzzled.答案与解析：B 考查细节理解。关键句：Nobel was s
20、hocked to read that he had passed away， and he was even more annoyed by the title of his obituary： The Merchant of Death Is Dead. (第二段第一句)译文：诺贝尔读到自己去世的消息时感到震惊，他对讣告的标题死亡商人已去世更为恼火。根据关键句可知，诺贝尔读到报纸上的讣告时，既震惊又恼火。故选 B。5What did Alfred Nobel decide to do after reading the obituary？A.Seek excellence in the s
21、ciences.B.Donate all his money to the charity.C.Stop producing any killing weapons.D.Set up the Nobel prizes with his money.答案与解析：D 考查细节理解。关键句：It was this thought that led him to leave his money a huge amount of it for the founding of the famous Nobel prizes. (第三段第四句 )译文：正是这种想法引导他用他的一大笔资金设立了著名的诺贝尔奖。
22、根据关键句可知，诺贝尔读了讣告后，决定用他的钱来设立诺贝尔奖。故选 D。6Why does the author mention James Joyce and Marcel Proust？A.To show the controversy of some Nobel prizes.B.To give examples of influential Nobel prizewinners.C.To explain the standard of giving out the Nobel prizes.D.To prove the influence of the Nobel prizes on
23、literature.答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。关键句：However， the prizes are controversial sometimes . (第四段第一句 )译文：然而，有时候这些奖项是有争议的。The highly influential novelists James Joyce and Marcel Proust， for example， were never honored by the Swedish Academy. (第四段最后一句)译文：例如，极具影响力的小说家 James Joyce 和 Marcel Proust 从未获得过瑞典学院( 诺贝尔文学奖评选
24、机构)授予的荣誉。根据关键句可知，作者列举 James Joyce 和 Marcel Proust 的例子是为了解释有些诺贝尔奖项是有争议的。故选 A。7What does the author think of the Nobel prizes？A.There should be more female winners.B.There are too many controversial winners.C.They have honored many worthy winners.D.The committee should be more selective.答案与解析：C 考查推理判断
25、。关键句：Still， for the most part the awards dont cause many complaints. (最后一段第一句)译文：尽管如此，在大多数情况下，奖项不会引起很多抱怨。根据关键句和最后一段可知，大多数奖项授予了那些应得的人，得到了大众的认可。故选 C。C2019西宁检测一 For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the r
26、adio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us.Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space， on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages.Scientists are using powerful radio telescopes to listen to
27、signals from about 1,000 stars， all within 100 light years of earth. In addition， they will scan the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer， they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one time. Scientists are looking for any signal that stan
28、ds out from the background noise.Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy， scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable distance from the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution (进化) of life
29、. Based on the inhabitable (that can be lived in) planets in our galaxy， most scientists agree that chances are likely that one or more of these planets support some life.However， many scientists wonder whether intelligent life exists on other planets. Some believe that twenty years of searching wit
30、hout any intelligible messages shows that no one is out there. They say that the evolution of intelligence comparable to ours is unlikely.Other scientists believe that our search hasnt been long enough to rule out the possibility that intelligent life exists in our galaxy. Although our sun family is
31、 only about five billion years old， our galaxy is about 20 billion years old. In that time， some scientists think it is likely that civilization much more advanced than ours have developed. Perhaps these civilizations send us no signals； perhaps we have not recognized the signals they have sent us.
32、If we hope to find intelligent life， these scientists believe that we have to keep looking.【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家对于外太空是否存在生命的看法。【长难句分析】 Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space， on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages. (第一
33、段最后一句)分析：这是一个主从复合句。that 引导的同位语从句解释说明“chance ”。Paraphrase(英英释义 )：Scientists also have sent radio and television messages on spaceships traveling through space， hoping someone will receive such messages.【词汇累积】 signal n.信号 exist v.存在 search for 寻找 stand out 突出8According to the passage， how many planets
34、 in our galaxy might be inhabitable？A.15 billion. B.10 billion. C.5 billion. D.200 billion.答案与解析：C 考查数据计算。关键句：Of the 200 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy， scientists find that five percent are like our sun. Perhaps half of them have a planet like earth. Such a planet would be a reasonable dista
35、nce from the star for temperatures to be right for the evolution (进化) of life. (第三段前三句)译文：科学家发现银河系的 2 000 亿颗恒星中有百分之五和我们的太阳一样，也许这百分之五的恒星中有一半有像地球这样的行星。这样的行星可能与恒星之间距离适中，使其温度适宜生命的进化。该题问的是文章显示我们的银河系中有多少颗行星可能适宜居住。根据关键句可推知，我们的银河系中有 50 亿颗行星可能适宜居住。故选 C。9The first paragraph in this passage is mainly about _.A
36、.why scientists are looking for signs of life on other planetsB.how scientists are looking for signs of life on other planetsC.where scientists are looking for signs of life on other planetsD.when scientists are looking for signs of life on other planets答案与解析：B 考查段落大意。该题问的是第一段的大意。根据第一段内容可知，本段主要介绍了科学
37、家寻找地外生命的方法。故选 B。10The underlined word “monitor” in the passage means “_”.A.find B.followC.form D.check答案与解析：D 考查词义猜测。关键句：In addition， they will scan the entire sky to “listen” for radio messages from more distant stars. Using a computer， they will be able to monitor more than eight channels at one t
38、ime. Scientists are looking for any signal that stands out from the background noise. (第二段第二至四句)译文：此外，他们还会扫描整个太空来收听来自遥远星球的无线电信息。通过使用计算机，他们能同时监控 8 个以上的波段。科学家们正在从背景噪声中寻找突出的信号。该题问的是画线词 monitor 的含义是什么。根据关键句可推知，科学家们使用计算机同时监控 8 个以上的波段，来寻找突出的信号。monitor 意为“监控；检查” 。故选 D。11Which of these statements is TRUE ba
39、sed on the information in the passage？A.Scientists are trying different ways to find signs of life on other planets.B.Most scientists believe that there is intelligent life on other planets.C.The earth is one of the oldest planets in our galaxy. D.Scientists dont believe that there might be life on
40、other planets.答案与解析：A 考查推理判断。关键句：For more than twenty years scientists have been searching for signs of life on other planets. Most of these searches have been done over the radio. The hope is that someone in outer space may be trying to get in touch with us.Scientists also have sent radio and telev
41、ision messages on spaceships traveling through space， on the chance that someone may be receptive to such messages. (第一段)译文：二十多年来，科学家们一直在寻找其他行星上的生命迹象。大部分搜索都是通过无线电进行的。希望外太空的人可能正在努力和我们取得联系。科学家们还通过正在太空中遨游的宇宙飞船发射广播和电视信息，希望有人能接收到这些信息。该题问的是根据文章内容下列哪个说法是正确的，根据关键句可推知，科学家们正尝试用不同的方法找到其他行星上的生命迹象。故选 A。D2019江西九校
42、联考Dear Preston Thomas，You were head of the lower school， deputy head， head， and my Alevel tutor for economics， and there are a few things I might usefully get off my chest. The boy who secretly gave a candyshaped laxative(泻药) to the greedy classmate who was stealing everyones sweets， causing a hygie
43、ne (卫生) crisis in Humanities？ That was me. The waste of space who quarreled with another pupil spilled from the classroom on to the gravel pitch and ended up with us chasing each other in circles around the playground， pursued by the supply teacher who never came again？ Yep， guilty. I was one of the
44、 shadowy figures who were able to let themselves back into the school in the early by means of a stolen skeleton key.It all seems quite silly now but I am sure that if you had been able to pull together the various strands and establish a pattern， you would have dealt with it in that calm， authorita
45、tive， sensible and humorous way that you dealt with everything. It was the funniest thing. We werent scared of you； but at the same time， we thought we shouldnt mess with you. You said that I should opt for Alevel economics， ignoring my protests about inability in maths. You were right.And then ther
46、es the occasion I carry with me. It occurred in the sixth grade when I commandeered an empty classroom as a changing room and was locked in by schoolmates who， in addition， had stolen my shorts and trousers. That took some explaining when the melee (混战) caught your attention， but you didnt ask for a
47、n explanation. “You dont stop making mistakes as you get older， ” you said with a wry smile. “You just hope to make fewer.”Hugh【语篇解读】 本文是作者写给老师的一封信。作者在信中对自己在学校的顽劣行为进行了坦白并向老师道歉。【长难句分析】 You said that I should opt for Alevel economics， ignoring my protests about inability in maths. (第二段倒数第二句)分析：本句是一个主从
48、复合句。that 引导宾语从句，作 said的宾语；ignoring my protests about inability in maths 是现在分词短语作状语。Paraphrase/英英释义：You suggested that I should choose Alevel economics， though I declared that I was weak in maths.12What caused a hygiene crisis in Humanities？A.The author cheated a classmate to eat a sweetlike laxative
49、.B.The author had a quarrel with another pupil.C.The author came back to school with a stolen skeleton key.D.The author had his shorts and trousers stolen.答案与解析：A 考查细节理解。关键句：The boy who secretly gave a candyshaped laxative(泻药) to the greedy classmate who was stealing everyones sweets， causing a hygiene (卫生) crisis in Humanities？ That was me. (第一段第二、三句 )译文：还记得有个男孩偷偷将糖果状的泻药给了一个偷吃大家糖果的贪吃的同学，从而在人文学科部引起了一场卫生危机吗？那个男孩就是我。根据关键句可知，导致人文学科部发生卫生危机的原因是作者欺骗一位同学吃下了糖果状的泻药。故选 A。13Which word can best
