1、-ADFGranger:()3.941()1.6795()()(0.48180.4012)()-198119941l199612-198155-19977-199711200320037()20022.-.9798198110%l2.8802002:?ADFGranger-:(19491978)(1979)-:()(2003)IFS-():l8.75.8;100128()(2000)()/()/197816836/19998.2783/391.7%79.7%100%()ADFGranger:1ADF:ADF2Granger-XY-YYXYYYFX-XY-3:-Granger-GrangerAD
2、FGrangerGranger-2030?-(theelasticityapProach)-:(theMarshallLernercondition)(JoanRObinson)1937(Marshall)(Lemer)()1234()TXM=pXM21lTX:M211:XMdT=Xd1dX(Md+pdM)212xM:dT+YX(23XIXM=M:- -.+xMMP:d214X:MX:dTXdX.=LMMmPxXM215EESs:Ex/X_d_=MdPx12l6Px/217_YX218_=M219=Pxpl()=pPx=p:()_+=+Px2l1021lil21621n6:=_PxEx2112
3、=_Em+Sm2113e51+XExS:deE+Se2114_EmSdeME+Se2l15215:JrMmXE1.(l+l/5.):deE/S+1Em/Sm+le2l162116:dT/de=M(E+E1)/e2l17EE1dT/de()1qq211Px211:TPxxM2118Px:T/PxX(e/Px)MXqM21192119qx=qM():dT_dX_U._XdX_q_qqll/aqaqaqqaqaqMX-=(+l)2l20qqqqq;q22l16:X_.l)+_)UZlM1)(l)xE12122Mm(2)XM.(:):12123M3(JoanRobinson):Ex1+E+1/SE/S:+IE/S+1)02124(LMetzler)1948.(RobinsonMetzlerCondition)45-J(Jceffect)2h2IJtt:-t.t:-
